In vitro mature embryo culture protocol of einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat under boron stress
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Mature embryos of einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat were used for callus induction on media containing four diferent doses (0, 1, 2 and 4 mg L−1) of 2,4-D and dicamba supplemented with fve diferent boron concentrations (0, 6.2, 12.4, 24.8, and 37.2 mg L−1). The obtained callus was transferred to culture media with three (0, 0.5, and 2 mg L−1) diferent BAP doses with fve boron concentrations for further regeneration. The maximum callus weight in einkorn wheat was in culture media with 1 mg L−1 dicamba and 6.2 mg L−1 (3.71±0.13 g). Bread wheat had the maximum callus weight on culture media with 4 mg L−1 dicamba and 12.4 mg L−1 (3.46±0.40 g). The highest plantlet numbers were in only 2 mg L−1 BAP (2.92±0.88) for einkorn wheat and 0.5 mg L−1 BAP supplemented with 6.2 mg L−1 boron (3.71±1.12) for bread wheat. This indirect regeneration protocol using mature embryos of einkorn and bread wheat under boron stresses expected to be useful for future wheat breeding studies.