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Öğe Functional diversity and functional traits correlate ecology of nonmarine Ostracoda (Crustacea) at different elevational ranges(E Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2024) Külköylüoğlu, Okan; Yavuzatmaca, Mehmet; Özdilek, Ahmet; Tuncer, AlaettinWe tested how functional diversity (FD) along with its three components are correlated to ecological traits of nonmarine ostracods at seven elevational ranges from 800 to 1500 m. 38 ostracod taxa were collected from 55 aquatic sites in Aksaray province (Turkey). 21 species were new reports for the province. Shannon-Wiener diver-sity index indicated four cosmopolitans with more than 90 % of contribution. Results of the Canonical Correspond-ence Analysis (CCA) explained 76.8 % of the correlation between species and environmental variables. Salinity was the most effective variable on species. The highest functional divergence and functional richness were found in the elevational ranges of 800 - 899 m and 1100 -1199 m, respectively. When the highest functional evenness was accounted for the 1400 -1499 m, the functional dispersion was found higher in the range of 1200 -1299 m. A medium length of the carapace, the left valve overlaps the right valve, long swimming setae on the second antenna, a well-developed uropod, and a smooth carapace surface are the common traits of the species used in FD. Sampling sites were clustered by the common species, which also showed correlation with four cations (Ca, Na, Mg, K). Results suggest that 'functional diversity' can be used to correlate ostracod traits with their functional ecology.Öğe Prevalence of Nosemosis and Varroosis in honey bees in Sinop province(Kastamanu University, 2023) Yaman, Mustafa; Güvendik, Tuğba Sağlam; Ünal, SabriAbstract Aim of study: Sinop province has a potential to progress in beekeeping. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of nosemosis and varroosis in honey bees in Sinop province. Area of study: 12 villages from 7 districts (Ayancık, Boyabat, Dikmen, Durağan, Erfelek, Gerze and Saraydüzü) in Sinop province were determined as study area. Material and methods: A total of 874 adult bee samples were dissected in Ringer’s solution and examined for nosemosis. A total of 1.640 adult bee samples were examined for varroosis. Main results: Nosemosis was the most common disease. Average of the nosemosis infection was 7.6%. On the other hand, varroosis was observed in the eight of 12 localities examined in Sinop province. Total infestation ranged from 0.6 to 8.2%. Highlights: Nosemosis and varroosis were observed in eight (66.7%) of the 12 examined localities in Sinop province. These data are considered as proof that honey production is negatively affected. This study also confirms that the beekeepers in the Sinop province should be informed in detail about the precautions to be taken in the monitoring and controlling varroosis and nosemosis.Öğe Revealing genetic diversity of tulips in Turkey with inter-simple sequence repeat markers(Springer, 2023) Hacıoğlu, Burcu Tarıkahya; Eker, İsmailIn order to reveal the genetic variation within the genus Tulipa, 57 accessions belonging to 19 taxa that are native to Turkey were examined in our study. With inter-simple sequence repeat markers, a matrix of 4332 data was obtained with 76 polymorphic bands. The unweighted pair group average (UPGMA) clustering algorithm was used for the Cluster Analysis. According to dendrogram, two main groups were formed: First group comprised of Tulipa sylvestris subsp. australis, Tulipa sprengeri, Tulipa humilis, Tulipa koyuncui, Tulipa undulatifolia var. undulatifolia and Tulipa julia accessions. Except Tulipa undulatifolia var. undulatifolia and Tulipa julia members of the first group belong to subgenus Eriostemones. In the subclades of the second main group the members of subgenus Tulipa and the members of subgenus Eriostemones were grouped in accordance to their subgenera. Our study is the first attempt to reveal the genetic diversity with all geographical distribution areas of Tulipa in Turkey. We think that the data given here will be useful for both plant taxonomists and ornamental plant breeders for future research.Öğe Fritillaria ecerii (Liliaceae), a new species from Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey(Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2023) Eker, İsmail; Balos, Mehmet MarufFritillaria ecerii Balos & Eker sp. nova (Liliaceae) is described from the province of Mardin, SE Anatolia, Turkey. It is morphologically similar to F. melananthera in having a striped perigone, to F. caucasica and F. baskilensis in having a long style, and to F. assyriaca in having the same number of leaves. However, it clearly differs from F. melananthera and F. assyriaca mainly by its smooth style, longer filaments and more numerous bracts, and from F. caucasica and F. baskilensis mainly by its striped perigone and more numerous bracts. Diagnostic characteristics, a description, images, and a conservation assessment are provided.Öğe Comparative de novo transcriptome analysis and random UV mutagenesis: Application in high biomass and astaxanthin production enhancement for Haematococcus pluvialis(Springer, 2023) Telli, Murat; Ünlü, Ercan SelçukBackgroundAstaxanthin is a natural carotenoid with strong antioxidant capacity. The high demand on astaxanthin by cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical and aquaculture industries promote its value in the biotechnological research. Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow 1844 has been characterized as one of the most promising species for natural astaxanthin biosynthesis. Even though H. pluvialis as an advantage in producing astaxanthin, its slow grow-yield limits usage of the species for large-scale production.Methods and ResultsIn this study we generated mutated H. pluvialis strain by using one-step random UV mutagenesis approach for higher biomass production in the green flagellated period and in turn higher astaxanthin accumulation in red stage per unit algae harvest. Isolated mutant strains were tested for the astaxanthin accumulation and yield of biomass. Among tested strains only mutant strain designated as only MT-3-7-2 showed a consistent and higher growth pattern, the rest had shown a fluctuated and then decreased growth rate than wild type. To demonstrate the phenotypical changes in MT-3-7-2 is associated with transcriptome, we carried out comparative analysis of transcriptome profiles between MT-3-7-2 and the wild type strains. De novo assembly was carried out to obtain the transcripts. Differential expression levels for the transcripts were evaluated by functional annotation analysis.ConclusionsData showed that increased biomass for the MT-3-7-2 strain was different from wild type with expression of transcripts upregulated in carbohydrate metabolism and downregulated in lipid metabolisms. Our data suggests a switching mechanism is enrolled between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to regulate cell proliferation and stress responses.Öğe A new ostracod species of the genus Xestoleberis from Nansen Island, Wilhelmina Bay, Southern Ocean, Antarctica(Springer, 2023) Külköylüoğlu, OkanComparing to the ostracod studies on the other islands in the world, studies on the ostracod fauna of the islands in Antarctica are scarce. During the sixth Turkish Antarctica Expedition (TAE 6) to the islands (Dismal, Horseshoe, Nansen, Livingstone) in Western Antarctica, sediment and water samples were collected from 32 different water bodies (lakes, ponds, creeks, springs, littoral zones of sea). Among several new reports of different taxonomic groups which are under investigation, a new marine ostracod species (Xestoleberis nansenensis n. sp.) was encountered from Nansen Island. This is the first report of an ostracod from this island below 60 & DEG; S in Antarctica. The new species has several different features both in the carapace and soft body parts. Absence of ostracods from other islands sampled may be related to several a/biotic factors, such as water chemistry (e.g., relatively low calcium levels), extreme aquatic conditions (e.g., low-temperature values), improper habitat conditions (e.g., too little or absence of sediment in the water bodies), and isolation of the island(s) from the mainland. Although our new species is a marine form, comparative literature review indicated that there is no non-marine living ostracod species reported from the islands visited during the expedition. Possible reasons are discussed.Öğe Meta-analysis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) transcriptome profiles under different biotic and abiotic stress conditions(Springer, 2023) Bulut, Burak; Gürel, Songül; Ünüvar, Ömer Can; Gürel, Ekrem; Ünlü, Ercan SelçukSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) meets the 21% of world sugar production. Soil pollution, biotic and abiotic factors in production areas greatly reduce product quantity and quality. Sugar beet responds to biotic and abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, heat, light, and infections of nematode, bacteria and fungi at the molecular level. Understanding molecular mechanisms require comprehensive genomics studies in order to control these mechanisms to increase the yield and quality. Transcriptome studies performed under stress conditions can shed light on the responses of plants at the molecular level. In addition, meta-analysis can help to find common responses under different stress conditions. In this study four different stress-related transcriptome data were used: two of them are related with biotic stress (nematode and fungi infection) and two of them are related with abiotic stress (ABA treatment and salt stress). In this study, we performed meta-analysis of studies conducted under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Our results revealed 460 commonly regulated genes from biotic stress related data and 1031 commonly regulated genes from abiotic stress related data. Our data also showed that expression of ten genes is controlled regardless of the type of stress condition. The data can be useful for understanding the molecular aspect of adaptive stress response in sugar beet.Öğe Allium mehmetyaschari (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from southern Anatolia, Turkey(Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board, 2023) Eker, İsmailAllium mehmetyaschari Eker sp. nova (Amaryllidaceae) is described as a new species from the Province of Adana, southern Anatolia, Turkey. It is morphologically similar to A. sintenisii and A. erzincanicum in having bearded outer tepals. However, it clearly differs from A. sintenisii by having e.g., smaller bulb, stem and leaves; fewer bulblets; different sheath indumentum; different shape and size of umbel; shorter pedicels; smaller flowers and reproductive organs; different perigone colour; different indumentum structure on outer tepals; smooth inner tepals; and smaller capsule and seeds. It differs from A. erzincanicum mainly in tunic type; leaf structure; densely scabrid sheaths; umbel shape; indumentum shape on outer tepals; smooth inner tepals; ratio of central cup to lateral cups; anther colour; and in having bulblets. Herein, the morphological features, a comprehensive description, habitat and ecological characteristics, detailed images, conservation assessment and micromorphological characteristics of the seeds of A. mehmetyaschari are provided.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: Behavioral and biochemical evidence(Medicinska Naklada, 2023) Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Coşkun, Hamit; Fırat, TülinAim To assess the protective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides (LBP) on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods One hundred female Wistar albino rats (three months old) were randomly assigned either to ovariectomy (n = 50) or sham surgery (n = 50). After a 14-day recovery period, the groups were divided into five treatment subgroups (10 per group): high-dose LBP (200 mg/kg), low-dose LBP (20 mg/kg), imipramine (IMP, 2.5 mg/kg), 17 beta estradiol (E2, 1 mg/kg), and distilled water. Then, rats underwent a forced swimming test. We also determined the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde), E2 levels, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5HT2A receptor, and transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results Both low-dose LBP and imipramine decreased depression-like behavior by increasing serum superoxide dismutase activity and by decreasing serum malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, low-dose LPB, high-dose LBP, and imipramine increased the number of 5-HT2A receptor-and BDNF-positive cells but decreased the number of TUNELpositive cells in the hippocampus. Conclusion This is the first study to show the antidepressant effect of LBP. Although additional research is needed, LBP may be considered a potential new antidepressant.Öğe Do vermicompost applications ımprove growth performance, pharmaceutically ımportant alkaloids, phenolic content, free radical scavenging potency and defense enzyme activities in summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?(Wiley-VCH Verlag GMBH, 2023) Çimen, Ayça; Baba, Yavuz; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Türker, Arzu UçarLeucojum aestivum L. contains galanthamine and lycorine, which are two pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids. Vermicompost (VC), an organic waste product created by earthworms enhances soil quality and can improve the medicinal quality of the plant that is crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four different VC concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 25 %, and 50 %) on L. aestivum growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), total phenol-flavonoid content, free radical scavenging potential, and defense enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) compared to control (no VC). The width, length, and fresh weight of the leaves were improved by 10 % VC treatment. The highest total phenolic content was found in the bulbs and leaves treated with 50 % VC. HPLC-DAD analysis of alkaloids showed that 10 % and 50 % VC treatments contained the most galanthamine in the bulb and leaf extracts, respectively. The application of 25 % VC was the most efficient in terms of lycorine content in both extracts. CAT activity was elevated at 10 %, 25 %, and 50 % VC. Based on the growth performance and galanthamine content of the bulbs and leaves, it can be concluded that a 10 % VC application was the most effective in the cultivation of L. aestivum.Öğe The effect of carotid artery cannulation and femoral artery cannulation with the cardiac vagal denervation on the ischemia and reperfusion induced arrhythmia(Wiley, 2023) Özdemir, Şevval; Bozdoğan, ÖmerBaroreceptor Myocardial Ischemia; Reperfusion; Arrhythmia; Vagal; DenervationÖğe Taxonomic redescription, distribution and rediscovery of Plicigastra himalayana Uvarov, 1924 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Platycleidini) from Western Himalaya(Magnolia Press, 2022) Shah, Muzamil Syed; Dar, Afaq Ahmad; Usmani, Mohd Kamil; Tavares, Gustavo Costa; Ünal, MustafaIn India the genus Plicigastra is represented by single species Plicigastra himalayana Cigliano et al. (2022). Uvarov (1924) reported the species from the Punjab region of India, based on only female specimens. The authors in the present paper described both male and female. Also, SEM images of male stridulatory file are given. The dark flightless Bush -cricket species is widespread in the forested region of northern part of Kashmir, which starts from Baramulla to Bandipora, situated at an elevation of 3200 m a.s.l and is part of the Western Himalayan Mountain mixed forest Eco region.Öğe The eggs of the Bradyporus (Callimenus) dilatatus (Stal, 1875) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Morphological, histological and ultrastructural study(American Entomological Society, 2022) Mutlu, Damla Amutkan; Polat, Irmak; Ünal, Mustafa; Suludere, ZekiyeThe aim of this study is to reveal the fine structure and morphology of the eggs of Bradyporus (Callimenus) dilatatus (Stal, 1875) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) by using stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). B. dilatatus females produce generally bilateral symmetrical, elongated ovoid eggs. The chorion is composed of three layers named as endochorion. exochorion and extrachorion. Cross sections of all three layers show the chorion has air chambers that connected to each other with canals. The extrachorion layer forms hexagonal or pentagonal surface patterns which is typical to B. dilatatus. The lengths of the boundaries of polygonal patterns become longer with aging.Öğe A new genus, Tuberocandona gen. nov. (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Candonidae) and past to present ostracod species diversity in Texas (USA)(Int Soc Subterranean Biol, 2023) Külköylüoğlu, Okan; Ataman, Alper; Gibson, Randy; Diaz, PeterA new ostracod genus, Tuberocandona gen. nov., was collected from Honeycut Hollow Springs, Texas, USA Morphological comparisons and cladistic analyses showed that the new genus displays several dif-ferent features (e.g. presence of two tubercules on each of the valves, numbers of A1 segments, shape of A2 claws, shape and presence of two claw-like setae on the clasping organs, absence of d2 and dp setae on T2 and T3, absence of alpha and beta setae on Md, shape of hemipenis) from other genera of the tribe. Including the new species, the number of non-marine ostracods known from inland waters of Texas is now 118 species in 45 genera. With the aim of documenting ostracod biodiversity in Texas (USA) by including fossils, we sought documents published from 1927 to 2022 and were able to list 673 ostracod taxa belonging to 142 genera. Among the fossils, 73 ostracods were the oldest records during the Penn-sylvanian period (ca. 310 mya), while there were only 42 taxa reported from the Holocene. The Eocene had the highest number of ostracods (126 taxa). In comparison, the living species had only 18 of 673 taxa that were considered nonmarine forms. There are only six species in common with the fossils and recent records. These results suggest the potential for relatively high ostracod species richness and diversity in Texas. This is indeed strongly supported by the present study and the described new genus and its type species (Tuberocandona leonidasi sp. nov.).Öğe Effects of water quality changes on the Ostracoda (Crustacea) species diversity and seasonal occurrence patterns in Lake Egirdir (Isparta, Turkey)(Springer, 2023) Külköylüoğlu, Okan; Yağcı, Abdulkadir; Erbatur, İsmail; Yağcı, Meral Apaydın; Bulut, Cafer; Çınar, ŞakirChanges in water qualities of the natural aquatic bodies cause habitat and species diversity lost. To understand effects of seasonal water quality changes on the ostracod species diversity and occurrences in Lake Egirdir (Isparta, Turkey), a total of 23 ostracod taxa (10 live species, 13 taxa) were collected from ten stations in the lake during three years of seasonal samplings from 2016 to 2018. Six taxa (Candona candida, C. cf. weltneri, Fabaeformiscandona breuili, Heterocypris incongruens, Ilyocypris decipiens, Limnocythere inopinata) are new reports for the lake. There was no significant difference between the numbers of species found from littoral and pelagic zones. The number of ostracods were higher (4 live, 14 taxa) in winter seasons than the spring (5 live, 10 taxa), summer (4 live, 9 taxa) and fall (8 live, 5 taxa) seasons. Ostracod Watch Model illustrated that Physocypria kraepelini, Neglecandona neglecta and Darwinula stevensoni showed similar seasonal occurrences in almost all seasons during the study. Of these, P. kraepelini was the most abundant species while the others were relatively rare and/or very scarce in their occurrence and abundance values. The mean value of the dissolved oxygen was significantly different between pelagic and littoral zones (p < 0.05). The CCA diagram displayed 84.4% of the correlation between eight species and five ecological variables (water temperature, ammonium, pH, dissolved oxygen, depth). Two species (P. kraepelini and F. breuili) and D. stevensoni showed significantly negative correlation with NH4 and pH, respectively. Species with similar optimum values seemed to have similar ecological and/or habitat preferences along with similar seasonal occurrence patterns. Results point to a reverse relationship between ecological tolerance and optimum estimates of the species. Thus, ostracods with a narrow tolerance range can be considered good indicator species for the water quality estimates. Accordingly, our measurements exhibited that Lake Egirdir is mainly dominated by NO3-N and NH4-N, suggesting a critical reduction in water quality values. Compared with the fossil ostracods, finding six live of 12 fossil species during the present study provides supportive evidence that aquatic conditions of the lake have been declining since the Holocene age. Indeed, dominance of cosmoecious species and absence of several rare species can also be other supportive evidence of the lake water quality decline.Öğe Erratum to: Determining effective environmental factors and ecology of non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) in Giresun, Turkey(EDP Sciences SA, 2022) Çapraz, Çağatay; Külköylüoğlu, Okan; Akdemir, Derya; Yavuzatmaca, MehmetSome corrections were missed in the production process of the above article, and the publisher apologizes for the inconvenience this is causing. On page 5, the caption of Table 3 should be: Tolerance (Tol) and optimum (Opt) values for the nine most common species against the variables measured from each sampling site. Abbreviations: Count (numbers of species occurrence), Max (maximum numbers of individuals), N2 (Hill’s coefficient or measure of effective number of occurrences), dissolved oxygen (DO, mg l-1), electrical conductivity (EC, mS cm-1), water temperature (Tw, °C), redox potential (ORP), elevation (Elev), sodium (Na 2+, ppm) in water, magnesium (Mg2+, ppm) in water, calcium (Ca2+, ppm) in water, fluoride (F–, ppm) in water, chloride (Cl–, ppm) in water, total phosphate (T.PO43–, ppm) in sediment.Öğe Screening of enzyme activities for improvement of bread quality by potato peel addition to the yeast growth medium(Elsevier, 2023) Najmalddin, Hawnaz; Yurdugül, Seyhun; Hamzah, HaiderBread staling is defined as physicochemical changes in bread during storage, which results in undesirable changes in bread quality. It has always been one of the serious problems of the industrial sector throughout history. At the same time, vegetable waste, including potato peel (PP), is considered a serious problem to the environment. For this reason, PP has been used in this study to increase enzymatic activities of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, considered to have positive effects on bread quality. The goal of this study is to design a microbial system to facilitate human activities in industry, both joining the production of valuable enzymes by yeasts and recycling PP in the same medium. As a result, in our study, the highest growth rate of S. cerevisiae was recorded in the treatment with 2% PP present in the yeast growth medium. Also, no microbial growth, from baked bread samples, was observed due to proper storage of the loaves of bread in closed nylon bags at 4 degrees C for the duration of ten days. Moreover, treatments with 4% PP increased cellulase and invertase activities significantly (P < 0.05), in comparison to treatments with no peel and with 2% peel. While amylase activity has been increased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatment with 2% peel. In conclusion, treatment with 4% peel is recommended for improving enzymatic activity, in general, and bread quality in particular.Öğe Mattesia cf. geminata, an ant-pathogenic neogregarine (Apicomplexa: Lipotrophidae) in two Temnothorax species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)(Springer, 2023) Yaman, Mustafa; Kıran, Kadri; Radek, RenateAn ant-pathogenic neogregarine in Temnothorax affinis and T. parvulus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is described based on morphological and ultrastructural characteristics. The pathogen infects the hypodermis of the ants. The infection was mainly synchronous so that only gametocysts and oocysts could be observed simultaneously in the host body. Gametogamy resulted in the formation of two oocysts within a gametocyst. The lemon-shaped oocysts measured 11-13 mu m in length and 8-10 mu m in width. The surface of the oocysts is not smooth but contains many buds. A ring-shaped line containing rosary-arrayed buds line up in the equatorial plane of the oocyst. These specific characteristics were observed for the first time in neogregarine oocysts from ants. Polar plugs were recognizable clearly by light and electron microscopy. The oocyst wall was quite thick, measuring 775 to 1000 nm. Each oocyst contained eight sporozoites. The neogregarines in the two Temnothorax species show many similarities such as the size and shape of the oocysts, a relatively fragile gametocyst membrane, host affinity, and tissue preference. We identified these neogregarines as Mattesia cf. geminata, which is here recorded from natural ant populations in the Old World for the first time. All neogregarine pathogens infecting ants in nature so far have been recorded from the New World. We present the two ant species, Temnothorax affinis and T. parvulus, as new natural hosts for M. cf. geminata. Furthermore, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the oocyst of M. cf. geminata are documented by scanning and transmission electron microscopy for the first time.Öğe Invasion history and distribution of the aquatic alien Elodea canadensis (Hydrocharitaceae) in Turkey(Springer, 2023) İkinci, NurselSubmerged macrophyte Elodea canadensis Michx. is a non-native species to Turkey where it was first recorded in 1982. In this study, we aim to provide the current distribution of E. canadensis in Turkey with notes on its invasion history and ecology. We performed field studies to measure the physical and chemical parameters of the invaded lakes. Our study is based on new field works, herbarium specimen examination and literature survey. As a result of our findings, E. canadensis has invaded 15 wetlands in eight water basins of Turkey. Eleven of the invaded wetlands, including the largest freshwater lake of Turkey have protection forms ranging from national parks, nature parks to nationally/locally protected areas. Type of the wetlands are also diverse, like drainage canals, ancient pools, karstic, crater, tectonic and alluvial set lakes with trophic status from oligotrophic to eutrophic. Physico-chemical parameters measured in seven invaded wetlands are as follow: Water temperature between 15.5 and 22.3 & DEG;C, pH between 7.1 and 8.6, dissolved oxygen as 3.7-8,8 mg l-1, electrical conductivity as 230-610 mu S cm-1, salinity between 0.1 and 0.29 ppt, and ammonium as 0.25-0.74 mg l-1. The altitude range of the colonized wetlands is between sea level and 2100 m a.s.l. Elodea canadensis forms single species stands in many sites, but we could totally record 22 accompanying macrophyte taxa in species rich habitats. Here we present the most comprehensive distribution and ecology data for E. canadensis in Turkey which could be used for further research and management to understand its future spread and effect on native vegetation.Öğe Phenolic content, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of several edible agaricomycetes mushrooms sold in public bazaar in Bolu, Turkey(Begell House Inc, 2023) Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Türker, Arzu Uçar; Bozat, Bihter GökçeEdible mushrooms are important natural foods that have been used since ancient times due to their delicious taste, high nutritional value, and various biological activities. In this study, antibacterial (against 10 different human pathogens) and antioxidant potentials (free radical scavenging activity and total phenol-flavonoid content) of 13 different wild-growing and the most popular edible mushrooms (Lactarius salmonicolor, L. deliciosus, L. volemus, L. piperatus, Ramaria sp., Cantharellus cibarius, and Pleurotus ostreatus) sold in a public bazaar in Bolu-Turkey were evaluated. Strong antibacterial capacities were observed with all tested Lactarius species, as well as M. oreades, A. campestris, T. terreum, H. repandum, and Ramaria sp. Significant antibacterial potentials of T. terreum and C. comatus against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus vulgaris were observed for the first time. H. repandum strongly inhibited all tested Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes). It was remarkable to reveal strong growth inhibition of M. oreades against S. aureus (29.33 +/- 1.11 mm) for the first time. The highest total phenolic content was revealed with L. delicious (193.42 +/- 0.77 mg GAE/g dw and 198 +/- 0.79 mg TAE/g dw), while L. salmonicolor had the highest total flavonoid content (358.33 +/- 15.27 mg CE/g dw). B. edulis demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 value (4.48 +/- 0.04 mu g/mL). Moreover, L. deliciosus and M. oreades also had high antioxidant potential with the lowest IC50 values (4.76 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL and 4.77 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL, respectively). Total phenolic contents of tested mushrooms were highly correlated with their antioxidant capacities. L. delicious is the most well-known and the most delicious mushroom sold in Bolu's public bazaar. The obtained results for this mushroom were notable in terms of the greatest total phenol-flavonoid content and strong antioxidant capability. The antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content of L. deliciosus, M. oreades, H. repandum, A. campestris, and B. edulis, as well as their antibacterial activity, were quite outstanding, and our findings demonstrated the importance of these mushrooms as nutraceutical products.
