Sensitivity of iodine deficiency indicators and iodine status in Turkey

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dc.authorid0000-0003-0120-9976
dc.authorid0000-0003-1937-9244
dc.authorid0000-0003-1821-9126
dc.authorid0000-0002-4030-1145
dc.contributor.authorŞimşek, Enver
dc.contributor.authorŞafak, Alper
dc.contributor.authorYavuz, Özlem
dc.contributor.authorAras, Şükrü
dc.contributor.authorDoğan, Semih
dc.contributor.authorKocabay, Kenan
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-23T19:17:41Z
dc.date.available2021-06-23T19:17:41Z
dc.date.issued2003
dc.departmentBAİBÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümüen_US
dc.departmentBAİBÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü
dc.description.abstractBackground. Iodine deficiency is a major health problem worldwide. Goiter prevalence and the median urinary iodine concentration in a population usually define endemic iodine deficiency. In addition to goiter prevalence and median urinary concentration, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine have been used as iodine deficiency indicators. Objective: To evaluate endemic goiter prevalence in Western Anatolia, Turkey, and to evaluate the sensitivity of thyroglobulin and height percentile as iodine deficiency indicators. Subjects: We examined 727 school-children (378 girls, 349 boys) in two cities (Bolu and Duzce) and six mountainous rural areas, in West Anatolia. Of the 727 children, 234 were from four urban schools, and 493 were from eight rural schools. Methods: Clinical examination and ultrasonography were used to evaluate goiter prevalence. Iodine in spot urine, serum total thyroxine (T-4), serum free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. Iodine deficiency severity was classified based on thyroid volume measurements by ultrasonography and urinary iodine excretion. Results: The degree of iodine deficiency according to concentration of urinary iodine was severe in 2 76 children (38%), moderate in 151 (20.8%), mild in 114 (15.7%), and within normal levels in 186 (25.4%). Although urban areas showed normal or mild urinary iodine excretion, four rural areas showed from mild to severe iodine deficiency (p <0.001). Thyroid volumes of the severe iodine deficiency group were significantly higher than those of moderate and mild iodine deficiency groups (p <0.001). There was no significant difference between thyroid volumes in moderate and mild iodine deficiency groups. FT4 levels of the severe iodine deficiency group were significantly lower than in moderate and mild iodine deficiency groups (p <0.001). There was no significant correlation between TSH and iodine excretion (r = 0.01, p >0.05). Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were significantly different between all groups (p <0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between Tg and urinary iodine excretion (r -0.27, p <0.001). Conclusions: Severe and moderate iodine deficiency areas are more prevalent in Turkey than mild and normal iodine concentration areas. In addition to urinary iodine concentration and thyroid volume, height percentile and Tg are also sensitive markers for endemic iodine deficiency. TSH screening should be performed nationwide in Turkey. We recommend compulsory iodination of table and industrial salt.en_US
dc.identifier.endpage202en_US
dc.identifier.issn0334-018X
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.pmid12713257en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-0041413111en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage197en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/5508
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1515/JPEM.2003.16.2.197
dc.identifier.volume16en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000184293800009en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorŞimşek, Enver
dc.institutionauthorŞafak, Alper
dc.institutionauthorYavuz, Özlem
dc.institutionauthorAras, Şükrü
dc.institutionauthorDoğan, Semih
dc.institutionauthorKocabay, Kenan
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFreund Publishing House Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal Of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolismen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectIodine Deficiencyen_US
dc.subjectGoiteren_US
dc.subjectThyroxineen_US
dc.subjectThyroglobulinen_US
dc.subjectThyroid Stimulating Hormoneen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.titleSensitivity of iodine deficiency indicators and iodine status in Turkeyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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