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Electrophysiologic and anti-inflammatorial effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition in epileptiform activity
(Wiley, 2023) Türel, Canan Akünal; Çelik, Hümeyra; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Türel, İdris
The aim of our study is to investigate the electrophysiological and anti-inflammatory effects of diclofenac potassium on epileptiform activity, which is the liquid form of diclofenac, and frequently used clinically for inflammatory process by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). Wistar rats aged 2-4 months were divided into Epilepsy, Diazepam, Diclofenac potassium, and Diazepam+diclofenac potassium groups. Diazepam and diclofenac potassium were administered intraperitoneally 30 min after the epileptiform activity was created with penicillin injected intracortically under anesthesia. After the electrophysiological recording was taken in the cortex for 125 min, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were evaluated by the ELISA in the serums. No change was observed between the groups in serum IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha values. It was observed that the co-administration of diclofenac potassium and diazepam at 51-55, 56-60, 61-65, 111-115, and 116-120 min was more effective in reducing spike amplitude than diclofenac potassium alone (p < 0.05). Single-dose diclofenac potassium did not have an anti-inflammatory effect in epileptiform activity but both diazepam and diclofenac potassium reduced the epileptiform activity.
The effect of protocatechuic acid on ovarian histopathology and reserve in rat ovarian torsion model
(AEPRESS SRO, 2023) Erimşah, Sevilay; Çetinkaya, Ayhan
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA), which is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent, on ovarian tissue and ovarian reserve against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in a rat ovarian torsion model.BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen radicals cause histopathological changes in the ovarian tissue during the reperfusion phase. PCA may have protective effects on ovarian tissue and reserve due to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar adult female rats were divided into 3 groups as the control (sham operation, n = 8), IR (Ischemia-Reperfusion, n = 8), and IR+PCA (Ischemia-Reperfusion + 80 mg/kg protocatechuic acid, n = 8). The IR and IR + PCA groups underwent 3 hours of ischemia followed by 3 hours of ovarian reperfusion. Protocatechuic acid (80 mg/kg) was administered to the IR+PCA group 30 minutes before reperfusion. After reperfusion, the ovaries were removed for histopathological and biochemical examination.RESULTS: Histopathological score and TUNEL+ cell count were significantly lower and AMH expression level was significantly higher in the IR+PCA group when compared to the IR group (p <0.05). However, in the comparison of the follicle counts, there was no statistically signifi cant difference between all groups. Due to the increase in antioxidant activity, the MDA levels were found to be significantly lower in the IR+PCA group compared to the IR group (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Protocatechuic acid may be an effective antioxidant in protecting ovarian tissue and follicle reserve against IR injury of the ovary (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 36). T ext in PDF www.elis.sk
Unilateral absence of the latissimus dorsi: A report of a rare case
(Springernature, 2023) Erdem, Hüseyin; Çevik, Yiğit; Şafak, Nazire Kılıç; Açıkgöz, Ahmet Kürşad; Şenol, Gamze Taşkın
The latissimus dorsi is the largest muscle in the human body, located in the lower posterior thorax, and it contributes to motion in the upper extremity and provides assistance in respiration. This case report describes a rare occurrence of a unilateral absence of the latissimus dorsi accompanied by contralateral scoliosis in a 73-year-old female cadaver. The absence of the muscle along with the absence of the thoracodorsal nerve and branches of the subscapular and axillary arteries was identified during a standard dissection course. The implications of this rare case extend to an array of surgical interventions, including head, neck, breast, and torso reconstructive applications. It is important to investigate potential anomalies of the latissimus dorsi, while planning or performing free flap transfers. The report also highlights the importance of understanding this variation for educational and research purposes.
Bioreactor recombinant production of SARS-CoV-2 virus antigens in cho cell clones by using new ucoe lentiviral vector system
(Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Anakök, Ömer Faruk; Köse, Pınar
Background & Aim: The new UCOE models we have recently developed, tested on many cell groups (including mouse ES and human iPS cells) and human mAb recombinant production studies as well, shows a powerful resistance to DNA methylation- mediated silencing and provides a higher and stable transfection profile. By the urgent need of vaccine development for COVID-19 during the pandemic, in this study we aimed to produce a potential recombinant vaccine by using the new generation UCOEs models of our own design
Evaluation of the effect of COVID-19 on static balance in healthy young individuals
(Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2023) Şenol, Gamze Taşkın; Kürtül, İbrahim; Ray, Abdullah; Ahmetoğlu, Gülçin
Aim: It is known that COVID-19 infection has various physiological effects. And, it also has negative effects on the balance. This study focused on evaluating the static balance of healthy individuals who either had or did not have a history of COVID-19.Material and Methods: The study included 30 individuals who were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 infection (positive PCR test), who recovered later on, and 30 individuals as a control group. After the dominant foot of both groups was determined, the flamingo balance test was used to evaluate static balance, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was applied to the group that had a COVID-19 infection history.Results: A significant difference was found between dominant foot balance and non-dominant foot balance in individuals who had COVID-19 and in the control group.Discussion: The severity of recent cases of COVID-19 disease that affect the balance system has risen significantly. This study showed that individuals with COVID-19 have problems with static balance compared to those without COVID-19. In our estimation, post-recovery rehabilitation programs for people who have had COVID-19 should include balancing exercises.
Protective and therapeutic effects of okra seed in acute nontraumatic brain injury
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Yoldaş, Meyri Arzu; Bekdaş, Mervan; Danış, Ayşegül; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Düzcü, Selma Erdoğan; Alışık, Murat; Kocabey, Hüseyin; Türel, İdris
AimThe purpose of this study was to examine the protective and therapeutic effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [AE]) seed extract, with its known antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties, in an acetaminophen (paracetamol, N-acetyl- para-aminophenol)-induced model of hepatotoxicity and subsequent acute non-traumatic brain damage.Material and MethodForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups, control, paracetamol (P), okra seed extract (AE), okra seed extract + paracetamol (P + AE), and okra seed extract + paracetamol + N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (P + AE + N). AE was administered by oral gavage through a gastric tube at 600 mg/kg/day for seven days. On the eighth day of the procedure, a single 1 g/kg dose of paracetamol and 300 mg/kg NAC were injected via the intraperitoneal route 1.5 h after AE administration. Rat tissue specimens were subsequently subjected to biochemical and histopathological analyses. Levels of markers such as S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and matrix membrane metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were investigated from rat serum specimens. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured to determine oxidant-antioxidant status.ResultsS100B, NSE, MMP-9, MDA levels, and SOD enzyme activities were examined using biochemical methods. MDA levels were significantly lower in the P + AE group and MMP-9 levels in the AE, P + AE, and P + AE + N groups compared to the P group. Histopathological examination results supported the biochemical findingsConclusionOkra seed extract exhibits a protective and therapeutic effect against non-traumatic brain damage resulting from acute paracetamol intoxication. We think that this benefit of AE derives from its antioxidant property.
Sex determination by the machine learning algorithms through using morphometric measurements of the carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal bones
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2023) Şenol, Gamze Taşkın; Kürtül, İbrahim; Ray, Abdullah; Ahmetoğlu, Gülçin
In the study, it was aimed to predict sex from hand measurements using machine learning algorithms (MLA). Measurements were made on MR images of 60 men and 60 women. Determined parameters; hand length (HL), palm length (PL), hand width (HW), wrist width (EBG), metacarpal I length (MIL), metacarpal I width (MIW), metacarpal II length (MIIL), metacarpal II width (MIIW), metacarpal III length (MIIL), metacarpal III width (MIIIW), metacarpal IV length (MIVL), metacarpal IV width (MIVW), metacarpal V length (MVL), metacarpal V width (MVW), phalanx I length (PILL), measured as phalanx II length (PIIL), phalanx III length (PIIL), phalanx IV length (PIVL), phalanx V length (PVL). In addition, the hand index (HI) was calculated. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and Naive Bayes (NB) were used as MLAs. In the study, the KNN algorithm's Accuracy, SEN, F1 and Specificity ratios were determined as 88 %. In this study using MLA, it is understood that the highest accuracy belongs to the KNN algorithm. Except for the hand's MIIW, MIIIW, MIVW, MVW, HI variables, other variables were statistically significant in terms of sex difference.
Fibrinogen-A? THR312ALA polymorphism is associated to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Turkey
(Kare Publ., 2023) Çörtük, Mustafa; Yıldızeli, Bedrettin; Kurar, Ercan; Kayış, Seyit Ali
Background: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a condition that occurs after mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary arteries by thrombus. Since the frequency and demographics of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension differ between countries, it is thought that genetic factors may play a role in its development. The aim of this study is to reveal the status of VKORC1, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C9*7, and fibrinogen-A alpha THR312ALA gene polymorphisms in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients in Turkey.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 46 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients and 106 healthy volunteers were included. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine candidate gene polymorphisms for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The general population parameters of each locus were calculated, and the relationship between dominant, co-dominant, and recessive genotype models and chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension was analyzed.Results: For the fibrinogen-A alpha gene, those with the THR/THR genotype were found to have a 13.51 (95% CI: 2.688-33.333) times less susceptibility rate to the disease than those with the ALA/ THR genotype, the susceptibility of THR/ALA genotype to the disease was 5.026 (95% CI: 1.774-14.242) times more than those with ALA/ALA genotype. There was no difference between patient groups for VKORC1, CYP2C9*3 genes (P > .05). Since the CYP2C9*7 patient group was monomorphic for the ILE allele, the patient/control odds ratio and 95% CI could not be calculated.Conclusion: This study shows that there is an association between the fibrinogen-A alpha gene ALA polymorphism at the amino acid position of 312 and the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, but not between the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms.
Mitochondrial metabolism related markers GDF-15, FGF-21, and HIF-1a are elevated in pediatric migraine attacks
(Wiley, 2023) Kılınç, Yasemin Baranoğlu; Kılınç, Erkan; Danış, Aysegül; Hancı, Fatma; Türay, Sevim; Özge, Aynur
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of mitochon-drial metabolism/reactive oxygen species (ROS)- related peptides (hypoxia induc-ible factor- 1a [HIF- 1a], fibroblast growth factor -21 [FGF- 21], growth differentiation factor -15 [GDF- 15]) and key migraine- related neuropeptides (calcitonin gene- related peptide [CGRP], pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating peptide -38 [PACAP- 38], sub-stance P [SP], and vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP]) during migraine attacks and to evaluate their diagnostic value in pediatric migraine.Background: There is increasing evidence for the important role of impairment in oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in the pathophysiology of migraine. Potential biomarkers that may reflect the relationship between migraine and mitochondrial dysfunction are unclear.Methods: A total of 68 female pediatric migraine patients without aura and 20 fe -male healthy controls aged 8- 18 years, admitted to the hospital, were enrolled in this cross- sectional study. Serum concentrations of these molecules were determined by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays, and clinical features and their possible diag-nostic value were analyzed.Results: Serum levels of HIF- 1a (252.4 +/- 51.9 [mean +/- standard deviation]) pg/mL), GDF- 15 (233.7 +/- 24.7 pg/mL), FGF- 21 (96.1 +/- 13.1 pg/mL), CGRP (44.5 +/- 11.3), and PACAP- 38 (504.7 +/- 128.9) were significantly higher in migraine patients compared to healthy controls (199.8 +/- 26.8, 192.8 +/- 20.7, 79.3 +/- 4.1, 34.1 +/- 3.5 and 361.2 +/- 86.3 pg/ mL, respectively). The serum levels of these peptides were also higher in patients with chronic migraine than in patients with episodic migraine, and higher in the ictal period than in the interictal period. A positive correlation was found between attack frequency and both HIF- 1a and FGF- 21 levels in migraine patients. Serum levels of VIP and SP were not different between the migraine patients and healthy controls.Conclusion: Migraine attacks are accompanied by elevated HIF- 1a, FGF- 21, GDF- 15, CGRP, and PACAP- 38 in medication -naive pediatric patients with migraine. Elevated circulating mitochondrial metabolism/ROS-related peptides suggest a mitochondrial stress in pediatric migraine attacks and may have potential diagnostic value in monitoring disease progression and treatment response in children. Novel approaches intervening with mitochondrial metabolism need to be investigated.
The role of oxidative stress in chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity in a rat model, and the protective effects of Nigella Sativa oil on oxidative stress, the anti-Mullerian hormone level, and apoptosis
(Verduci Publisher, 2023) Çetinkaya, K.; Atasever, Melahat; Erişgin, Züleyha; Sönmez, Çiğdem; Alışık, Murat; Özer, Çiğdem
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the role of oxidative stress (OS) in carboplatin-induced gonadotoxicity and whether Nigella Sativa oil (NSO), an herbal antioxidant, has a protective effect on ovarian apoptosis, OS, and the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 24 adult female rats that were divided into 4 treatment groups. Group A saline + saline (sham group); group B: NSO + saline; group C: saline + carboplatin; group D: NSO + carboplatin. Saline, NSO, and carboplatin were administered intraperitoneally 24 and/or 48 h before sacrification as 4 mL/kg, 4 mL/kg, and 80 mg/kg, respectively. Apoptosis, OS parameters, and AMH were measured. RESULTS: Oxidant levels and apoptosis were higher, whereas AMH and the antioxidants were lower in group C than in group A. Apoptosis, OS parameters, and AMH levels were negatively affected by chemotherapy (CTx) in group C whilst improvement in those parameters was observed in group D following NSO pretreatment. The levels of apoptosis and malondialdehyde (MDA), an OS parameter, in group D were lower than in group C as they declined from 34.3% to 8.65% (p = 0.002) and from 199.4 nmol/g tissue to 136.4 nmol/g tissue (p = 0.002), respectively. However, the slight increase in AMH level from 2.7 ng/mL to 3.5 ng/mL due to the NSO effect was not significant between groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that carboplatin has adverse effects on AMH, ovarian tissue apoptosis, and OS parameters. NSO pretreatment might protect ovarian tissue and decrease CTx-induced ovarian injury by decreasing OS and apoptosis, but the protective effect of NSO on AMH is limited.
A cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale (AOFAS-MTP-IP) for the hallux
(Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation, 2023) Kalaycıoğlu, Oya; Ayanoğlu, Tacettin; Yılmaz, Ömer Faruk; Turhan, Mahmut Timur
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to translate and culturally adapt the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-Interphalangeal (IP) scale, which is used for the clinical assessment of patients with hallux valgus (HV), into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability. Patients and methods: Between February 2022 and October 2022, a total of 67 patients (18 males, 49 females; mean age: 51.5 & PLUSMN;15.9 years; range, 18 to 68 years) with HV deformity and able to communicate in Turkish were included. Following the translation of the AOFAS hallux MTP-IP scale into Turkish, its cultural appropriateness was confirmed. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), using data collected by two orthopedists. Agreement among test-retest evaluations was conducted using the Bland-Altman analysis. The construct validity of the scale was determined by the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Content validity was confirmed by the floor/ceiling effects. Results: The Turkish AOFAS hallux MTP-IP had an excellent intra-rater reliability of 0.971. The intra-rater reliability of the pain, function, and alignment subscales ranged from 0.904 to 0.978. The inter-rater reliability was 0.913 for the total score, while ranging from 0.838 to 0.918 for the subscales. The total score of the AOFAS hallux MTP-IP had a high correlation with the physical domains of the MOXFQ and SF-36, while weaker correlations with mental domains were observed. No floor/ceiling effect was observed for the overall Turkish AOFAS hallux MTP-IP. Conclusion: The Turkish translated and culturally adapted AOFAS hallux MTP-IP scale is a valid and reliable measure, ensuring its use in assessing the clinical status of Turkish patients with HV deformity.
Active shrinkage protects neurons following axonal transection
(Cell Press, 2023) Aydın, Mehmet Şerif; Bay, Sadık; Yiğit, Esra Nur; Özgül, Cemil; Oğuz, Elif Kaval; Him, Aydın
Trauma, vascular events, or neurodegenerative processes can lead to axonal injury and eventual transec(axotomy). Neurons can survive axotomy, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Excessive water entry into injured neurons poses a particular risk due to swelling and subsequent death. Using in vitro and in vivo neurotrauma model systems based on laser transection and surgical nerve cut, demonstrated that axotomy triggers actomyosin contraction coupled with calpain activity. As a consequence, neurons shrink acutely to force water out through aquaporin channels preventing swelling and bursting. Inhibiting shrinkage increased the probability of neuronal cell death by about 3-fold. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized cytoprotective response mechanism to neurotrauma and offer fresh perspective on pathophysiological processes in the nervous system.
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench seed extract alleviates acute acetaminophen induced liver damage in rats
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2023) Kocabey, Hüseyin; Bekdaş, Mervan; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Düzcü, Selma Erdoğan; Alışık, Murat; Türel, İdris
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP), commonly called the 'paracetamol', is one of the most regularly utilized medicines, particularly in children. When administered at the recommended doses, it is a safe medication. However, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by exposure to toxic doses lead to centrilobular hepatic necrosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is utilized in the therapy, however it has potential adverse effects. On the other hand, it is known that the seeds of the common vegetable Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (AE), a herbal product, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. In the present study, we explored whether AE can be used as an alternative to standard NAC therapy without any adverse effect in the treatment of acute APAP induced liver injury. Forty male Wistar rats were placed into five groups: Control, AE, APAP, APAP+AE and APAP+AE+NAC groups. Antioxidants such as native thiol and total thiol were found rised in the APAP group by adding AE (p =0.043 and p =0.028, respectively). Anti-inflammatory indicator IL-10 was also found increased, while marker ALT, which is a sign of hepatotoxicity, got decreased (P=0.005 and P <0.001, respectively). Histologically, AE has been shown to improve worsened congestion (P =0.003), cytoplasmic vacuolization (P =0.01), sinusoidal dilatation (P =0.001), Kupffer cell proliferation (P <0.001) and inflammation (P <0.001). These results suggest that the okra seeds may be a potential therapeutic agent for paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity and it can be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: Behavioral and biochemical evidence
(Medicinska Naklada, 2023) Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Coşkun, Hamit; Fırat, Tülin
Aim To assess the protective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides (LBP) on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods One hundred female Wistar albino rats (three months old) were randomly assigned either to ovariectomy (n = 50) or sham surgery (n = 50). After a 14-day recovery period, the groups were divided into five treatment subgroups (10 per group): high-dose LBP (200 mg/kg), low-dose LBP (20 mg/kg), imipramine (IMP, 2.5 mg/kg), 17 beta estradiol (E2, 1 mg/kg), and distilled water. Then, rats underwent a forced swimming test. We also determined the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde), E2 levels, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5HT2A receptor, and transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results Both low-dose LBP and imipramine decreased depression-like behavior by increasing serum superoxide dismutase activity and by decreasing serum malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, low-dose LPB, high-dose LBP, and imipramine increased the number of 5-HT2A receptor-and BDNF-positive cells but decreased the number of TUNELpositive cells in the hippocampus. Conclusion This is the first study to show the antidepressant effect of LBP. Although additional research is needed, LBP may be considered a potential new antidepressant.
Hidden realities: Food waste from servings in mini size packaging
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Doğdu, Gamze; Pekdemir, Turgay; Lakestani, Sanaz; Karabörk, Şeyda; Çavuş, Osman
This paper provides data obtained from real-life measurement of the Food Waste (FW) associated with the services offering food in mini size (9-20 g) single-use packaging representing the impact of the difficulties in emptying the food from such packages and service characteristics. We collected discarded such food packages from commercial public eateries (a time-share thermal town, student canteen, and student refectory), quantified FW, and subjected data to statistical analysis regarding the eatery places, package characteristics, and food type. The results suggest that service style, packaging, and consumer wastefulness can cause 10-47 %, 3-11 %, and 5-37 % FW, respectively, indicating hidden part of the wastage iceberg from mini size food portions with vast implication on the food and relevant packaging sustainability. Regarding the packing, the dominant cause of FW is difficulties in emptying the food, such as the shape, size, depth, width, and material of the package. Concerning the consumer wastefulness, our measurements seem to imply that the groups with relatively higher affluency creates more FW. Our results will prove to be highly beneficial in both promoting efforts to raise awareness of not only consumers but also industry players and decision makers on the sustainability for food and relevant packaging material.
Endogenous and exogenous serotonin, but not sumatriptan, ameliorate seizures and neuroinflammation in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model in rats
(Assoc Arquivos Neuro- Psiquiatria, 2022) Torun, İbrahim Ethem; Kılınç, Yasemin Baranoğlu; Kılınç, Erkan
Background: Epilepsy has neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Drugs that target epilepsy may also be useful for its neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Objective: To investigate the effects of serotonergic modulation on pro-inflammatory cytokines and the seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with serotonin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist sumatriptan, or saline 30 min prior to PTZ treatment. Behavioral seizures were assessed by the Racine's scale. Concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-a in serum and brain tissue were determined by ELISA. Results: Serotonin and fluoxetine, but not sumatriptan, alleviated PTZ-induced seizures by prolonging onset times of myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The anti-seizure effect of fluoxetine was greater than that of serotonin. Likewise, serotonin and fluoxetine, but not sumatriptan, reduced PTZ-induced increases in the levels of IL-1 beta and IL-6 in both serum and brain tissue. None of the administered drugs including PTZ affected TNF-a concentrations. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that endogenous and exogenous serotonin exhibits anticonvulsant effects by suppressing the neuroinflammation. It seems that 5-HT1B/D receptors do not mediate anticonvulsant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of serotonin.
Antiepileptic effects of exenatide in penicillin induced acute epilepsy model in rats
(The National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2023) Yıldız, Ayşegül; Kocacan, Süleyman Emre; Him, Aydın
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors are widely expressed in the brain and its association with nitric oxide is suggestive of its role in epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the effects of exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on the epileptiform activity induced by penicillin injection. The study used 72 male Wistar albino rats in 9 groups. All groups except the last group which received only exenatide, received intracortical penicillin injection to induce epileptiform activity. Exenatide was intraperitoneally injected in II-IV groups, at doses of 50, 100, 200 & mu;g/kg, respectively. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and Nco-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were injected to the V-VIII groups either alone or with exenatide. Electrocorticography was recorded for 3 h. While administration of 200 & mu;g/kg exenatide reduced the frequency of epileptiform activity, 50 and 100 & mu;g/kg doses of exenatide were not effective. When the effective dose of exenatide and the SNP were injected together the spike frequency decreased significantly. When the effective dose of exenatide was given with L-NAME spike frequency significantly decreased only between 90 and 110 min. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of latency and amplitude between the experimental groups. Exenatide had an anticonvulsant effect in penicillin-induced acute epilepsy model which is possibly via nitric oxide and include another pathway since its effect was partially blocked by L-NAME and potentiated by SNP.
Activation of TRESK background potassium channels by cloxyquin exerts protective effects against excitotoxic-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in neonatal rats
(Elseiver, 2022) Dilek, Mustafa; Kılınç, Yasemin Baranoğlu; Kılınç, Erkan; Torun, İbrahim Ethem; Saylan, Aslıhan; Düzcü, Selma Erdoğan
We investigated effects of activation of TRESK channels by selective activator cloxyquin on excitotoxic-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation involving brain mast cells and inflammatory cytokines in neonatal rats. Three different doses of cloxyquin (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg) were studied in ibotenate-induced perinatal brain injury (PBI) in P5 rat-pups. Cerebral lesions and mast cells in coronal brain sections were evaluated. Concentrations of activin A, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-10 in brain homogenates were measured using ELISA. Cloxyquin dose-dependently exerted protective effects against excitotoxic-induced neonatal brain injury and neuroinflammation. TRESK channels may be a promising new target for the treatment of PBIs.
The effect of astaxanthin on human sperm parameters after cryopreservation
(Canadian Urological Association, 2022) Dede, Gizem; Saylan, Aslıhan
Introduction: The aim of the study was to examine the protecti-ve efficacy of astaxanthin (ASTA) against the damage that occurs during sperm cryopreservation.Methods: This experimental study was carried out on waste semen samples of 30 normozoospermic individuals who applied for semen analysis. Semen samples were divided into four equal volumes and 0 pM (control group), 50 pM, 100 pM, and 500 pM ASTA were added to each group. All groups were stored frozen in a liquid nitrogen tank. Semen samples were removed from liquid nitrogen after 72 hours and were thawed. Motility evaluation of sperm was performed. In addition, sperm was stained with acidic aniline blue to detect DNA chromatin condensation.Results: The highest motility loss was found in the control group and the least motility loss was in the 100 pM ASTA group. When examined in terms of sperm chromatin condensation, condensed sperm count was higher in the 100 pM ASTA group than in the other groups.Conclusions: It has been observed that ASTA added to the cryopro-tectant substance during sperm cryopreservation positively affects sperm motility and reduces the number of decondensed sperm.
Protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine on undescended testis after orchiopexy: A rat-model study
(Coll Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan, 2023) Kemahlı, Eray; Üyetürk, Uğur; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Erimşah, Sevilay; Üyetürk, Ümmügül; Gücük, Adnan
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of utilising N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to treat tissue damage brought on by undescended testis (UT) in rats after orchiopexy.Study Design: Experimental study.Place and Duration of the Study: Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey, from January 2018 to June 2020.Methodology: The UT model was created by administering flutamide to pregnant rats. Four groups of animals were created as the control group (offsprings of pregnant rats without flutamide), group II (UT), group III (UT + orchiopexy), and group IV (UT + orchiopexy + NAC); each containing eight animals.Results: Group IV had a higher level of glutathione peroxidase than groups III and II (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Malondialde-hyde was reduced in group IV compared with groups III and II (both p<0.001). There were differences in mean apoptotic cell counts (ACC) among the groups (p<0.001). ACC in group IV was lower than in group III (p<0.001). Sperm counts were higher in group IV than in groups III and II, and in group III they were higher than group II (p<0.001 all) and similar between groups IV and control group (p=0.102).Conclusion: Orchiopexy reduced UT-related testicular damage, additionally using NAC following orchiopexy may further reduce testic-ular damage through its antioxidant effects.

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