Correction and source apportionment of vehicle emission factors obtained from Bolu Mountain Highway Tunnel, Turkey

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dc.authorid0000-0003-3162-8119
dc.authorid0000-0002-0193-0619
dc.authorid0000-0002-1116-5367
dc.authorid0000-0002-0107-0110
dc.authorid0000-0002-1242-9360
dc.contributor.authorKarşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu
dc.contributor.authorBerberler, Ercan
dc.contributor.authorBerberler, Tuğçe
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Özge
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Serpil Yenisoy
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Duran
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-23T19:53:48Z
dc.date.available2021-06-23T19:53:48Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentBAİBÜ, Rektörlük, Yenilikçi Gıda Teknolojileri Geliştirme Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezien_US
dc.description.abstractTotal suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected in the atmosphere of Bolu Mountain Highway Tunnel located on the axis of Edirne-Istanbul-Ankara on the main artery of Turkey, by using PUF samplers between 24 and June 29, 2018. Thirty-five major and trace metals, 11 water-soluble anions and cations, and OC and EC concentrations were determined at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel. Emission factor calculations were carried out with and without correction of the data set against crustal contributions. The non-crustal net concentration data set was used as an input for the factor analysis and factor analysis-multiple linear regression. Factor analysis identified five sources, namely, (1) road dust re-suspension, (2) road cover material and tyre wear abrasion, (3) brake pad solid lubricants, (4) diesel combustion emission, and (5) gasolineLPG combustion emission. Contributions of identified sources on the TSP concentrations and emission factors were quantified by using the FA-MR technique and the results were discussed. Tin and Sb were identified and reported as the best marker for the brake-related non-exhaust emissions in the road tunnel. FA-MR results showed that 46, 60, 49, and 37% of Ba, Cu, Fe, and Mn, respectively were contributed by dust re-suspension. The main sources of EC (39%) and OC (49%) were observed to be gasoline-LPG emissions and 69% of sulfate and 62% of Pb in TSP fraction was contributed by diesel emission. Tin and Sb were mainly affected by the brake pad solid lubricant factor and 64% of Sn and 53% of Sb were contributed by this factor.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.apr.2020.06.021
dc.identifier.endpage2141en_US
dc.identifier.issn1309-1042
dc.identifier.issue12en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85087305324en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage2133en_US
dc.identifier.trdizinid409679en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.06.021
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/10262
dc.identifier.volume11en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000602506400008en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizinen_US
dc.institutionauthorKarşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu
dc.institutionauthorKarakaş, Duran
dc.institutionauthorKarakaş, Serpil Yenisoy
dc.institutionauthorBerberler, Ercan
dc.institutionauthorAslan, Özge
dc.institutionauthorBerberler, Tuğçe
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherTurkish Natl Committee Air Pollution Res & Control-Tuncapen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAtmospheric Pollution Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectEmission Factoren_US
dc.subjectRoad Tunnelen_US
dc.subjectFactor Analysis Multiple Linear Regression (FA-MR)en_US
dc.subjectHeavy Metalsen_US
dc.subjectElemental Carbonen_US
dc.subjectOrganic Carbonen_US
dc.titleCorrection and source apportionment of vehicle emission factors obtained from Bolu Mountain Highway Tunnel, Turkeyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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