Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential in Turkish einkorn, emmer, durum, and bread wheat grain and grass
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2022
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Elseiver
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Wheat has been a primary food source in human and animal nutrition in many parts of the world since ancient times. The objective of the present study was to evaluate phenolic acid composition (p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and sinapic acid) and antioxidant potentials (total phenol and flavonoid contents, and free radical scavenging activity) in both grain and grass of einkorn (Triticum monococcum spp. monococcum; Cv. IZA), emmer (T. dicoccum ssp. dicoccum Schrank.) population, durum (T. durum Desf.; Cv. Kunduru-1149), and bread wheat (T. aestivum L.; Cv. Kira , c-66). The amount of phenolic acids in grain and two weeks old grass obtained from 4 different wheat species was detected by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The p- coumaric acid was the most abundant compouns in all tested grasses, while trans-ferulic acid were the most abundant compounds in all tested grains. It was determined that einkorn (IZA) had the highest amount of p- coumaric acid (1.360 mu g/g dw) and trans-ferulic acid (0.490 mu g/g dw) among the grasses, while the highest p-coumaric acid (0.770 mu g/g dw) and trans-ferulic acid (3.400 mu g/g dw) were found in bread wheat (Kira , c-66) among the grains. The highest total phenolic content was obtained from grain (90.12 mg/g dw) and grass (99.24 mg/g dw) of durum wheat (Kunduru-1149). The the highest total flavonoid content was found in both grain (141.58 mg/g dw) and grass (179.50 mg/g dw) of einkorn (IZA). Grains of emmer (2.68 mu g/mL) and grasses of einkorn wheat (2.98 mu g/mL) had the strongest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 (con-centration inhibiting 50% of DPPH) values. Einkorn, an ancestral wheat species with 14 chromosomes, has higher phenolic molecules, total flavonoid content and antioxidant potential than modern wheat species such as durum wheat with 28 chromosomes and bread wheat with 42 chromosomes. Wheatgrass of IZA (ein-korn) is thought to have the potential as a functional food/beverage in the future with its higher amounts of phenolic molecules and strong natural immune booster antioxidant activity.(C) 2022 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Açıklama
This work was financially supported by the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Research Foundation (Project No: 2019.03.01.1423) . The author would like to thank Alper Karakas Lab-oratuvary for laboratuvary equipment supports in Department of Biology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey. The author also would like to thank METU Central Laboratory, Molecular Biology-Bio-technology Research and Development Center, Mass Spectroscopy Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey for LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Grain, GrassIZA(einkorn), p-Coumaricacid, In-Vitro, Acid Profiles, Sprouts
Kaynak
South African Journal of Botany
WoS Q Değeri
Q2
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
149
Sayı
Künye
Karakas, F. P., Keskin, C. N., Agil, F., & Zencirci, N. (2022). Phenolic composition and antioxidant potential in Turkish einkorn, emmer, durum, and bread wheat grain and grass. South African Journal of Botany, 149, 407-415.
