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Öğe 30 years of EFL studies in Turkey: A bibliometric analysis of research articles(2020) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayIn the 21st century, which can be described as the age of technology, it has become possible for researchers to access all kinds of information via the internet. The direction of the studies in the field of English language education and teaching and the researchers’ working styles have changed drastically. Dergipark management system in Turkey, on the basis of TUBITAK ULAKBİM, offers the accessibility to the journals and articles electronically which have been published in Turkey and gives the opportunity for the service of editorial process management system. Its main purpose is to increase the visibility and use of national academic journals all over the world. For this reason, in this study, Dergipark management system has been used to make a bibliometric analysis on the articles published in the field of English language learning during the last 30 years and 646 articles have been downloaded and analysed. The main aim of the study is to make a detailed quantitative analysis of the contents and research topics. The results of the study indicate that although many of the most frequently discussed topics remain popular for 30 years, some receive significantly increased or decreased attention. Thus, it can be said that the actuality of academic studies in the field of EFL is in a rapid change.Öğe Analysis of Designificative Tendencies in Turkish Translations of the Book a Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Throughout Semiotics of Translation(2022) Türkmen, Seda; Akbulut, Fatma DemirayThe aim of this study is to analyse the book A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens in terms of semiotics of translation. In this respect, the original book and two Turkish translations were analysed qualitatively through the “Theory of Instances of Enunciation” by Jean-Claude Coquet (2007) and relatively evaluated in the light of Systematics of Designificative Tendencies suggested by Sündüz Öztürk Kasar. Sixteen striking examples were chosen and categorized according to the selected six designificative tendencies which are overinterpretation, darkening, sliding, alteration, perversion, and under-interpretation of the meaning. According to the results, both translators transferred the meaning universe of the original book to the target texts somehow; however, it was inevitable for them to lean towards the designificative tendencies. Thus, it was concluded that both translators used designificative tendencies due to the fact that each language has its own cultural, structural, and sociological features. In this sense, it is significant to convey the meaning universe of the book especially for the literary works that contain many descriptions and offer readers the opportunity to imagine what they read. Therefore, in such a field that is governed by descriptions and by signs which create the meaning, the translator must make the decisions consciously.Öğe The avoidance behaviour of Turkish efl learners in using multi-word verbs(2018) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayThis study aims to investigate the avoidance behaviour of Turkish EFL learners regarding the proficiency levels of them and frequency levels of multi-word verbs. In this study, 112 participants that are currently enrolled at School of Foreign Languages Department at a state university in Turkey were given a Language History Questionnaire and Multiple-Choice Test. In this test, thirty pairs of Multi-word Verbs in single sentences were administered and the participants were instructed to fill in them choosing one of the items given. These items consisted of the expected multiword verb, its one word verb equivalent, distractor multi-word verb and its one word verb equivalent. The results obtained from paired sample t-tests show that Turkish EFL learners avoid using multi-word verbs. Another finding of this study is that the avoidance of multi-word verbs increases as English proficiency level gets lower. Additionally, the avoidance of multi-word verbs decreases as frequency level of multi-word verbs gets higher. It can be concluded that proficiency level of learners and frequency level of multi-word verbs affect learners‘ avoidance of English multi-word verbs.Öğe THE AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOUR OF TURKISH EFL LEARNERS IN USING MULTI-WORD VERBS(2018) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayThis study aims to investigate the avoidance behaviour of Turkish EFL learners regarding the proficiency levels of them and frequency levels of multi-word verbs. In this study, 112 participants that are currently enrolled at School of Foreign Languages Department at a state university in Turkey were given a Language History Questionnaire and Multiple-Choice Test. In this test, thirty pairs of Multi-word Verbs in single sentences were administered and the participants were instructed to fill in them choosing one of the items given. These items consisted of the expected multiword verb, its one word verb equivalent, distractor multi-word verb and its one word verb equivalent. The results obtained from paired sample t-tests show that Turkish EFL learners avoid using multi-word verbs. Another finding of this study is that the avoidance of multi-word verbs increases as English proficiency level gets lower. Additionally, the avoidance of multi-word verbs decreases as frequency level of multi-word verbs gets higher. It can be concluded that proficiency level of learners and frequency level of multi-word verbs affect learners‘ avoidance of English multi-word verbs.Öğe A bibliometric analysis of lexical bundles usage in native and non-native academic writing(2020) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayOver the last few decades, it has become obligatory to publish academic research to survive in academic world. In academic writing skill, lexical bundles (LBs) usage is marked as a master ability to build well-organized paragraphs or essays and are essential instruments to sound more natural and be fluent in English. The current study aimed to search the usage of LBs by non-native and native English academic writers and comparing the profiles of LBs in terms of the function, structure, and frequency. A corpus of 257 articles written by native and non-native academic writers was organized and multi-word LBs were identified using AntConc 3.2.4w. Written texts are collected from Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies (JLLS) by non-native speakers (NNSs) and Linguistics and Education Journal (LINGED) by native speakers (NSs). The findings suggest that non-native writers generally use more lexical bundles but fall into more repetitions. Besides, there are some substantial differences in the frequencies of structural and functional usage of LBs. In structural category, NNSs used Noun Phrase (NP) and Prepositional Phrase (PP)-based LBs and Conjunction at a lower rate, and Verb Phrase (VP) and Clause-based LBs at a higher rate than NSs. In terms of functional category, research-oriented LBs are more frequently used by NSs while text and stance-oriented LBs are more frequently used by NNSs. As a conclusion, it is stated that, the lexico-grammatical difference between two languages and the NNSs’ tendency to write resultoriented article revealed distinct features of LB usage. © 2020 JLLS and the Authors - Published by JLLS.Öğe The Criticism of Turkish Translations of Mihail Bulgakov’s Master i Margarita in The Light of Gideon Toury’s Target Oriented Translation Theory(2023) Önal, Fatma Kübra; Akbulut, Fatma DemirayGideon Toury's Target-Oriented Translation Theory is a very crucial theory in terms of translation and translation criticism, on which lots of studies have been carried out. In this theory, compared to other translation criticism theories, the translator's decisions and translation policies are emphasized, and one of the most important features is that it examines the translator's decisions and the policies preferred during translation. The novel Master i Margarita, one of the most important works of Mihail Bulgakov, which is examined within the scope of Target-Oriented Translation Theory, is one of the classics of the 20th century. This work, which includes earlier human lives in the Soviet Union, has been subjected to many censors since the first time it was written. The work was censored and published 26 years after the death of Mikhail Bulgakov and has been studied for many years in Europe. However, in the examined translations, it is seen that this novel has been translated without censorship and in its most complete form. The main purpose of this study is to analyze two different Turkish translations of Master i Margarita by Aydın Emeç and Uğur Gülsün, on the basis of Toury's Target-Oriented Translation Theory. In this framework, the source and target texts were examined comparatively and the translations were analyzed. As a result of this study, it has been found that even if the text is the same, the translation policies and translation strategies preferred by the translators differ due to the different conditions and time periods experienced by the translators. In addition, within the framework of Toury's Target-Oriented Translation Theory, it was concluded that the translation consists of the translator's preferences and therefore, there may be differences between translations.Öğe Effects of morphological awareness on second language vocabulary knowledge(2017) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayThis research has analysed the impact of morphological treatment in English morphological awareness task. The main aim of this study is to understand the relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge of university preparatory class students. In second language learning environment, fifty-two preparatory class students have participated in this study. The participants have been divided into two groups as experimental and control group. Experimental group was conducted three hours of morphological guideline and morpheme teaching treatment during twelve weeks whereas control group was exposed to traditional vocabulary teaching. To explore the effects of morphological treatment on English vocabulary acknowledgement, all participants completed Nation’s Vocabulary Size Test (2001), language history questionnaire and Morphological Awareness Test (Part A and B). The relationship between the pre-tests and post-tests results has shown that experimental group acquired higher score on vocabulary recognition than control group after thirty-six-hours treatment. These findings indicate that the participants who obtained morphological treatment took in consideration the morphemes and vocabulary items better than the others who took traditional vocabulary teaching procedure.Öğe ESP needs analysis of university preparatory school students: Learning-centred approach(2016) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayBu çalışma, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler, Fen-Edebiyat ve Mühendislik fakültesi öğrencilerinin Genel İngilizce ihtiyaçlarının analizini araştırmak amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. Analiz etmek amacıyla, nitel (öğrencilerle görüşme) ve nicel (sormacalar) veri toplama araçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Sormaca ve görüşme teknikleri, üniversite hazırlık sınıfında eğitim almakta olan orta düzeyde İngilizce bilgisine hakim öğrencilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir (N=75). Her iki sormaca ve görüşme soruları farklı kaynaklardan uyarlanmış, geçerlik ve güvenilirliği test edildikten sonra uygulanabilecek son halini almıştır. Katılımcıların etkili profesyonel becerilerini içeren ihtiyaçlarını bulmak ve eğitim vermekte olan öğretim elemanlarının içerik ve pedagojik yeterliliklerini analiz etmek amacıyla bulgular ve sonuçlar bölümünde betimsel istatistiklere yer verilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğu hazırlık sınıfının önemli olduğunu vurgulamış ancak İngilizce eğitimi vermekte olan öğretim elemanlarının yazma, dilbilgisi ve sözcük öğretimi becerilerinin yanında dinleme, konuşma ve okuma becerilerine de gereken önemi vermeleri gerektiğini vurgulamışlardır. Ayrıca, sınıf içerisinde kullanılan materyallerin daha özgün, gerçekçi ve ilginç olması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu doğrultuda, öğrencilerin nesnel ve öznel ihtiyaçları etkili bir biçimde karşılanırken, katılımcılar müfredat programının hazırlanması ve bu noktada bölüm öğretim elemanlarının fikirlerinin alınması gibi içeriksel ihtiyaçlarının da etkili bir şekilde karşılanması gerektiğini düşünmektedirler.Öğe ESP NEEDS ANALYSIS OF UNIVERSITY PREPARATORY SCHOOL STUDENTS: LEARNING-CENTRED APPROACH(2016) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayBu çalışma, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler, Fen-Edebiyat ve Mühendislik fakültesi öğrencilerinin Genel İngilizce ihtiyaçlarının analizini araştırmak amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. Analiz etmek amacıyla, nitel (öğrencilerle görüşme) ve nicel (sormacalar) veri toplama araçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Sormaca ve görüşme teknikleri, üniversite hazırlık sınıfında eğitim almakta olan orta düzeyde İngilizce bilgisine hakim öğrencilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir (N=75). Her iki sormaca ve görüşme soruları farklı kaynaklardan uyarlanmış, geçerlik ve güvenilirliği test edildikten sonra uygulanabilecek son halini almıştır. Katılımcıların etkili profesyonel becerilerini içeren ihtiyaçlarını bulmak ve eğitim vermekte olan öğretim elemanlarının içerik ve pedagojik yeterliliklerini analiz etmek amacıyla bulgular ve sonuçlar bölümünde betimsel istatistiklere yer verilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğu hazırlık sınıfının önemli olduğunu vurgulamış ancak İngilizce eğitimi vermekte olan öğretim elemanlarının yazma, dilbilgisi ve sözcük öğretimi becerilerinin yanında dinleme, konuşma ve okuma becerilerine de gereken önemi vermeleri gerektiğini vurgulamışlardır. Ayrıca, sınıf içerisinde kullanılan materyallerin daha özgün, gerçekçi ve ilginç olması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bu doğrultuda, öğrencilerin nesnel ve öznel ihtiyaçları etkili bir biçimde karşılanırken, katılımcılar müfredat programının hazırlanması ve bu noktada bölüm öğretim elemanlarının fikirlerinin alınması gibi içeriksel ihtiyaçlarının da etkili bir şekilde karşılanması gerektiğini düşünmektedirler.Öğe Improving Turkish EFL learners’ lexical knowledge through topic interest-based reading(2020) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayVocabulary acquisition in terms of lexical knowledge is one of the basic elements of second language acquisition. Interesting reading studies presented in the classroom positively affects the learners’ acquisition of new words. In this context, this study aims to demonstrate that Turkish EFL learners have a positive effect on the vocabulary knowledge by the help of topic interest-based reading passages. This study carried out experimentally in the context of pre-test and post-test was conducted with 52 Turkish EFL learners who were divided into two groups as experimental and control. While the experimental group was exposed to reading components for 12 weeks, the control group was trained with traditional reading passages. According to the results, vocabulary knowledge of the students exposed to topic interest-based reading passages increased significantly when they were compared to the control group. Consequently, interesting reading activities increase vocabulary knowledge of the students incidentally.Öğe LEXICAL ACCESS MODELS DURING LANGUAGE SELECTIVITY IN BILINGUAL SPEECH PRODUCTION(2014) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayBu çalışmada, dil seçim alanı ikidillilik söylem üretimi açısından tartışılacak ve Kavram Seçim Modeli ve Engelleyici Kontrol Modeli kapsamında ele alınacaktır. Dil değişiminin ve dil seçim işlemlemesinin ardındaki bilişsel özellikler sunulacaktır. Araştırmanın asıl amacı ikidilli zihinde seçilecek olan diller arasındaki yarışın kavramsal düzeyde mi yoksa sözcüksel düzeyde mi gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediğini açıklamaktır. Diğer bir deyişle, bu çalışma, ikidilli bireylerin iki farklı dillerinin sözcüksel dizgilerini nasıl kontrol ettiklerini incelemektedir. Bu araştırma, kontrol düzeneklerinin farklı düzeyleri bağlamında kavramsal seçim ve engelleyici kontrol düzenekleri incelemektedir. Bu modeller, La Heij (2005) ve Green'in (1998) bakış açılarından ve araştırmacıların bu kuramsal alanlardaki deneysel çalışmaları açısından değerlendirilecektir.Öğe Lexical access models durıing language selectivity in bilingual speech production(2014) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayBu çalışmada, dil seçim alanı ikidillilik söylem üretimi açısından tartışılacak ve Kavram Seçim Modeli ve Engelleyici Kontrol Modeli kapsamında ele alınacaktır. Dil değişiminin ve dil seçim işlemlemesinin ardındaki bilişsel özellikler sunulacaktır. Araştırmanın asıl amacı ikidilli zihinde seçilecek olan diller arasındaki yarışın kavramsal düzeyde mi yoksa sözcüksel düzeyde mi gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediğini açıklamaktır. Diğer bir deyişle, bu çalışma, ikidilli bireylerin iki farklı dillerinin sözcüksel dizgilerini nasıl kontrol ettiklerini incelemektedir. Bu araştırma, kontrol düzeneklerinin farklı düzeyleri bağlamında kavramsal seçim ve engelleyici kontrol düzenekleri incelemektedir. Bu modeller, La Heij (2005) ve Green'in (1998) bakış açılarından ve araştırmacıların bu kuramsal alanlardaki deneysel çalışmaları açısından değerlendirilecektir.Öğe An Overview of Football Interpreting in Turkey: A Sample of Interview Analysis(2023) Akbulut, Fatma Demiray; Saba, Hasan KutaySports area, where many different nations and cultures come together, has been one of the biggest factors that increase intercultural communication. Football, one of the biggest fields in terms of sports, succeeds in bringing together the different cultures on a common ground. It has always attracted the most attention for years and has become an international industry. This interest of humanity in football has enabled the sector to reach very large masses financially. The language of sports and football has its own technical terms and jargon. People who will work in this field should have not only the terminology of this area but also a background knowledge of the field. As a field of study that brings together different nations, it is one of the most important sectors where translators and interpreters are needed the most. In this study, football interpreting has been mentioned as an important translation area and sector. The main aim of this study is to inform the new interpreters in the field of football interpreting about this sector, the subtleties and achievements of the profession. The main data of this research consists of interview questions and answers received from professional football interpreters. This study not only aims to provide information, but also analyses the translator profile with real one-to-one interviews. With the extensive information provided by the professional interpreters in the field, the details of the process have been clarified and the mastery of the work has been revealed. As a result of the interview, some conditions provided to translators while working in sports clubs, not much known information until now about the first entry of interpreters into the profession, types of contracts in the profession, financial gain, professionalism of this sector, professional association, advantages/disadvantages of the profession and social rights of translators have been revealed.Öğe The relationship between morphological mastery and vocabulary learning strategies of Turkish EFL learners(2020) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the most or the least preferred vocabulary learningstrategies (VLS) by Turkish EFL learners and to examine the relationship between morphologicalmastery and VLS. The participants of the study consist of 102 Translation and Interpretingdepartment students at a state university in Turkey. The measurement tools used in the study areVocabulary Size Test (VST) (Nation, 2001) and Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaire(VLSQ) (Gu, 2018). Before the questionnaire, VST was administered to the students to determine thevocabulary size levels of them. After the test, students were asked to answer the 5-point Likert typeVLSQ. The results of the study were analyzed by SPSS programme using one-way ANOVA. Accordingto the results, the most commonly used strategies by Turkish EFL learners in vocabulary learning areguessing and dictionary strategies. The least frequently used strategies are the use of word lists andvisual repetition strategies in the rehearsal category. The results obtained from students who areclassified as low, medium and high-level vocabulary size, show that the most frequently usedstrategies of high level students are selective attention, guessing strategies, dictionary strategies,notebook usage and note-taking (deciding what information goes into notes). In addition, while thevast majority of students think that it is necessary to learn words through use, they believe thatmemorization does not play an important role in vocabulary learning. This study tends to helpEnglish learners who have difficulty in choosing vocabulary learning strategies to get morphologicalmastery and to lead EFL teachers by showing the advantages of using different strategies for students.Öğe A Study on the Interdisciplinary Nature of Translation Studies(2022) Akbulut, Fatma DemirayTranslation studies (TSs) has emerged as a new international and interdisciplinary academic field in the last three decades. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of TSs, many developments are observed in this field concerning the translation process. TSs is a discipline characterized by theories such as Skopos, post-structuralism, feminism, semiotics, and linguistics such as pragmatics and critical discourse analysis. When the developments in the field of TSs since the cultural turn in the early 1980s are examined, it is seen that linguistics is undoubtedly one of the most important disciplines affecting the field of TSs. In addition to linguistics, it is seen that the disciplines such as psychology, communication, literature, and philosophy that translation scientists benefit from in this process and the methodologies specific to these disciplines -as an integrative discipline-are constantly adapted to serve the needs of TSs. In addition, during the 1990s, TSs has been a field of research and discussion in the conceptual and interdisciplinary field, influenced by linguistics, communicative, psycholinguistic, and cognitive approaches. The aim of this study is to examine the developments in the field of TSs in the last thirty years and to contribute to the literature by discussing the disciplines that have historically influenced or been affected by TSs.
