An assessment of spatial distribution and atmospheric concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes: ozone formation potential and health risk estimation in Bolu city of Turkey

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dc.authorid0000-0001-9494-5053en_US
dc.authorid0000-0003-4310-788Xen_US
dc.authorid0000-0002-8838-2060en_US
dc.authorid0000-0003-3182-9340en_US
dc.authorid0000-0002-1242-9360en_US
dc.contributor.authorDörter, Melike
dc.contributor.authorTürk, Esra Mağat
dc.contributor.authorDöğeroğlu, Tuncay
dc.contributor.authorÜzmez, Özlem Özden
dc.contributor.authorGaga, Eftade Emine
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Duran
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Serpil Yenisoy
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-12T09:58:24Z
dc.date.available2023-09-12T09:58:24Z
dc.date.issued2022en_US
dc.departmentBAİBÜ, Gerede Meslek Yüksekokulu, Mülkiyet Koruma ve Güvenlik Bölümüen_US
dc.descriptionScientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)(Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)); Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University (BAIBU-BAP)en_US
dc.description.abstractAtmospheric pollutants including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) compounds were evaluated concerning their spatial distribution, temporal variation, and health risk factor. Bolu plateau where sampling was performed has a densely populated city center, semi-rural areas, and forested areas. Additionally, the ozone formation potentials of BTEXs were calculated, and toluene was found to be the most important compound in ground level ozone formation. The spatial distribution of BTEXs and nitrogen dioxide pollution maps showed that their concentrations were higher around the major roads and city center, while rural-forested areas were found to be rich in ozone. BTEXs and nitrogen dioxide were found to have higher atmospheric concentrations in winter. That was mostly related to the source strength and low mixing height during that season. The average toluene to benzene ratios demonstrated that there was a significant influence of traffic emissions in the region. Although there was no significant change in sulfur dioxide concentrations in the summer and winter seasons of 2017, the differences in the spatial distribution showed that seasonal sources such as domestic heating and intensive outdoor barbecue cooking were effective in the atmospheric presence of this pollutant. The lifetime cancer risk through inhalation of benzene was found to be comparable with the limit value (1 x 10(-6)) recommended by USEPA. On the other hand, hazard ratios for BTEXs were found at an acceptable level for different outdoor environments (villages, roadside, and city center) for both seasons.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [114Y632]; Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University (BAIBU-BAP) [2014.03.03.789, 2015.03.03.891]en_US
dc.identifier.citationDörter, M., Mağat-Türk, E., Döğeroğlu, T., Özden-Üzmez, Ö., Gaga, E. O., Karakaş, D., & Yenisoy-Karakaş, S. (2022). An assessment of spatial distribution and atmospheric concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes: ozone formation potential and health risk estimation in Bolu city of Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(35), 53569-53583.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11356-022-19608-x
dc.identifier.endpage53583en_US
dc.identifier.isbn1614-7499
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.issue35en_US
dc.identifier.pmid35288854en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85126236012en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage53569en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19608-x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/11695
dc.identifier.volume29en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000768670400021en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorDörter, Melike
dc.institutionauthorKarakaş, Serpil Yenisoy
dc.institutionauthorKarakaş, Duran
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelbergen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science and Pollution Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.relation.tubitakScientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [114Y632]; Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University (BAIBU-BAP) [2014.03.03.789, 2015.03.03.891]
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectBTEXsen_US
dc.subjectOzoneen_US
dc.subjectNitrogen Dioxideen_US
dc.subjectSulfur Dioxideen_US
dc.subjectPassive Samplingen_US
dc.subjectOzone Formation Potentialen_US
dc.subjectHealth Risk Assessmenten_US
dc.titleAn assessment of spatial distribution and atmospheric concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes: ozone formation potential and health risk estimation in Bolu city of Turkeyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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