Investigation of washout and rainout processes in sequential rain samples

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dc.authorid0000-0002-1242-9360en_US
dc.authorid0000-0002-0107-0110en_US
dc.authorid0000-0003-3162-8119
dc.contributor.authorKarşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Serpil Yenisoy
dc.contributor.authorKarakaş, Duran
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-23T19:49:29Z
dc.date.available2021-06-23T19:49:29Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentBAİBÜ, Rektörlük, Yenilikçi Gıda Teknolojileri Geliştirme Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezien_US
dc.description.abstractIn this study rainfall events were sampled sequentially between April and June 2014 (one event in April, two in May and one in June 2014) in the city center of Bolu province located in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Particle size distributions, pHs, major ion compositions and fractional distributions, neutralization factors and washout, rainout identifications were investigated by evaluating the data obtained from the sequences of the rain events. Local wind directions and upper atmospheric three dimensional back trajectory calculations were also used to identify the source regions affecting the receptor site. The primary purposes of this study were to present the effectiveness of washout and rainout processes and to identify the contributions of local and distant source regions to the rainfall events affecting the north western part of Turkey. The average pH values for the subsamples were determined as 5.20 +/- 0.47, 5.51 +/- 0.21, 6.97 +/- 0.23 (6.66-7.20) and 6.42 +/- 0.16 (6.17-6.66), respectively for the four rain events sampled. Ninety percent of the particles were smaller than 1135 gm for the first fraction, 444,5 gm for the second fraction, and 0.79 gm for the third fraction, respectively. Except for the fourth fraction, sequences of the rain event showed a linear decrease in particle sizes. The highest rainout to washout ratios were observed for nitrate ion (72.4%) and followed by ammonium ion (63.5%), chloride (48.4%), sulfate (46.3%), magnesium ion (41.5%), and potassium ion (31.2%). Strong correlations of nitrate and sulfate with Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ suggested that the rain droplets were neutralized by these alkaline ions.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.018
dc.identifier.endpage64en_US
dc.identifier.issn1352-2310
dc.identifier.issn1873-2844
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85049749533en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage53en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.018
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/9521
dc.identifier.volume190en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000444659400006en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorKarşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu
dc.institutionauthorKarakaş, Serpil Yenisoy
dc.institutionauthorKarakaş, Duran
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofAtmospheric Environmenten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectSequential Rain Samplingen_US
dc.subjectWashouten_US
dc.subjectRainouten_US
dc.subjectParticle Size Distributionen_US
dc.subjectMajor Ionsen_US
dc.titleInvestigation of washout and rainout processes in sequential rain samplesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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