Yenilikçi Gıda Teknolojileri Geliştirme Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/10786

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Isolation of the 3 beta-HSD promoter from Digitalis ferruginea subsp. ferruginea and its functional characterization in Arabidopsis thaliana
(Springer, 2022) Aslam, Noreen; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Yıldırım, Muhammet; Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Lossl, Andreas G.; Gürel, Ekrem; Yücesan, Bahtiyar Buhara
Background Although members of the SDR gene family (short chain dehydrogenase) are distributed in kingdom of life, they have diverse roles in stress tolerance mechanism or secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Nevertheless, their precise roles in gene expression or regulation under stress are yet to be understood. Methods As a case study, we isolated, sequenced and functionally characterized the 3 beta-HSD promoter from Digitalis ferruginea subsp. ferruginea in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results The promoter fragment contained light and stress response elements such as Box-4, G-Box, TCT-motif, LAMP element, ABRE, ARE, WUN-motif, MYB, MYC, W box, STRE and Box S. The functional analysis of the 3 beta-HSD promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings showed that the promoter was expressed in cotyledon and root elongation zone in 2 days' seedlings. However, this expression was extended to hypocotyl and complete root in 6 days' seedlings. In 20 days-old seedlings, promoter expression was distributed to the whole seedling including hydathodes aperture, vascular bundle, shoot apical meristem, trichomes, midrib, leaf primordia, hypocotyl and xylem tissues. Further, expression of the promoter was enhanced or remained stable under the different abiotic stress conditions like osmotic, heat, cold, cadmium or low pH. In addition, the promoter also showed response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application. The expression could not be induced in wounded cotyledon most likely due to lack of interacting elements in the promoter fragment. Conclusions Taken together, the 3 beta-HSD promoter could be a candidate for the development of transgenic plants especially under changing environmental conditions.
Simultaneous quantification of real-world elemental contributions from the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicular emissions using road dust enrichment factor-elemental carbon tracer method (EFECT)
(MDPI, 2023) Karakaş, Duran; Berberler, Ercan; Karşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu; Demir, Tuğçe; Aslan, Özge; Karakaş, Serpil Yenisoy; Karadeniz, Hatice
Emission control regulations have been essential in reducing vehicular exhaust emissions. However, the contribution of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions to ambient particulate matter (PM) has not yet been accurately quantified due to the lack of standardized sampling and measurement methods to set regulations. The identified sources and the source profiles generated have not been comparable as none of the emission data collection techniques and the receptor models applied in the literature have produced a standard or reference method to simultaneously identify and quantify the non-exhaust emission sources. This study utilized and thoroughly characterized PM samples including 32 major and trace elements from a mixed fleet in a mountain highway tunnel atmosphere in Bolu, Turkiye. This work proposed a two-stage, simple, and robust method based on road dust enrichment factor (EF) and elemental carbon (EC) tracer methods (EFECT) for the identification and prediction of the exhaust (exh), and non-exhaust (n-exh) emissions in PM. The indicated method revealed that road dust resuspension emissions are the most significant contributor to the concentrations of crustal elements. This method was used successfully to determine the real-world elemental contributions of road dust resuspension (rdrs), emissions (em), exhaust (exh), and non-exhaust (n-exh) emission sources to the elemental concentrations in PM samples. This study provided significant insights into generating actual source profiles, source-specific emission factors, and the source apportionment results for vehicular emission sources worldwide. Considering this, PM data of any particle size fraction (PM10, PM10-2.5, and PM2.5, for example) can be used as input for the EFECT, provided that the data include the analytical results of elemental carbon in both the atmospheric PM and road dust samples having similar PM sizes.
Inducible expression of human papillomavirus-16 L1 capsomeres in the plastomes of Nicotiana tabacum: Transplastomic plants develop normal flowers and pollen
(Wiley, 2022) Latif, Sara; Gottschamel, Johanna; Syed, Tahira; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Younus, Iqra; Gull, Kehkshan
Human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV-16) is the major HPV type involved in causing cervical cancer among women. The disease burden is high in developing and underdeveloped countries. Previously, the constitutive expression of HPV-16 L1 protein led to male sterility in transplastomic tobacco plants. Here, the HPV-16 L1 gene was expressed in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum under the control of an ethanol-inducible promoter, trans-activated by nucleus-derived signal peptide. Plants containing nuclear component were transformed with transformation vector pEXP-T7-L1 by biolistic gun. The transformation and homoplasmic status of transformed plants was verified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting, respectively. Protein was induced by spraying 5% ethanol for 7 consecutive days. The correct folding of L1 protein was confirmed by antigen-capture ELISA using a conformation-specific antibody. The L1 protein accumulated up to 3 mu g/g of fresh plant material. The L1 protein was further purified using affinity chromatography. All transplastomic plants developed normal flowers and produced viable seeds upon self-pollination. Pollens also showed completely normal structure under light microscope and scanning electron microscopy. These data confirm the use of the inducible expression as plant-safe approach for expressing transgenes in plants, especially those genes that cause detrimental effects on plant growth and morphology.
Plastidial expression of 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and progesterone 5?-reductase genes confer enhanced salt tolerance in tobacco
(MDPI, 2021) Sameeullah, Muhammad; Yıldırım, Muhammet; Aslam, Noreen; Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Yücesan, Buhara; Gürel, Ekrem
The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) gene family is widely distributed in all kingdoms of life. The SDR genes, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) and progesterone 5-beta-reductases (P5 beta R1, P5 beta R2) play a crucial role in cardenolide biosynthesis pathway in the Digitalis species. However, their role in plant stress, especially in salinity stress management, remains unexplored. In the present study, transplastomic tobacco plants were developed by inserting the 3 beta-HSD, P5 beta R1 and P5 beta R2 genes. The integration of transgenes in plastomes, copy number and transgene expression at transcript and protein level in transplastomic plants were confirmed by PCR, end-to-end PCR, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis showed that 3 beta-HSD and P5 beta R1 are cytoplasmic, and P5 beta R2 is tonoplast-localized. Transplastomic lines showed enhanced growth in terms of biomass and chlorophyll content compared to wild type (WT) under 300 mM salt stress. Under salt stress, transplastomic lines remained greener without negative impact on shoot or root growth compared to the WT. The salt-tolerant transplastomic lines exhibited enhanced levels of a series of metabolites (sucrose, glutamate, glutamine and proline) under control and NaCl stress. Furthermore, a lower Na+/K+ ratio in transplastomic lines was also observed. The salt tolerance, mediated by plastidial expression of the 3 beta-HSD, P5 beta R1 and P5 beta R2 genes, could be due to the involvement in the upregulation of nitrogen assimilation, osmolytes as well as lower Na+/K+ ratio. Taken together, the plastid-based expression of the SDR genes leading to enhanced salt tolerance, which opens a window for developing saline-tolerant plants via plastid genetic engineering.
Effects of carvacrol administration on motor function following spinal ischemia and reperfusion
(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2020) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Çamsarı, Çağrı
The sensitivity of the medulla spinalis to ischemia and reperfusion has been shown in previous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, less is known about the effects of carvacrol administration following ischemia and reperfusion. It was hypothesized that carvacrol might have protective effects on motor neuron functionunder ischemia- and reperfusion-induced oxidative stress. A total of 24 adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group I (control group; n = 8), group II (spinal ischemia and reperfusion group; n = 8), and group III (spinal ischemia and reperfusion + carvacrol group; n = 8). Ischemia and reperfusion were performed by clamping the abdominal aorta for 45 min. Clamps were then removed and 100 mg/kg of carvacrol was administered to group III. In the control groups a vehicle solution was administered. Animals were then observed for motor deficit index 48 h following the ischemia. Prior to the termination of the experiment, blood serum was obtained through intracardiac puncture for analyses of total antioxidant status and total oxidative stress levels. The results did not show effects on total antioxidant status or total oxidative stress levels. However, the motor deficit index was significantly different between the carvacrol and spinal ischemia groups and between the control and spinal ischemia groups. Our study demonstrated improved motor function in spinal ischemia models following carvacrol administration. However, future studies are required to determine the mechanism which improves motor function under carvacrol administration.
Efficient doxorubicin loading to isolated dexosomes of immature JAWSII cells: Formulated and characterized as the bionanomaterial
(Mdpi, 2020) Mutlu, Esra Cansever; Kaya, Özge; Wood, Matthew; Mager, Imre; Topkara, Kübra Çelik; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Çetinkaya, Ayhan
Immature dendritic cells (IDc), 'dexosomes', are promising natural nanomaterials for cancer diagnose and therapy. Dexosomes were isolated purely from small-scale-up production by using t25-cell-culture flasks. Total RNA was measured as 1.43 +/- 0.33 ng/10 cell. Despite the fact that they possessed a surface that is highly abundant in protein, this did not become a significant effect on the DOX loading amount. Ultrasonication was used for doxorubicin (DOX) loading into the IDc dexosomes. In accordance with the literature, three candidate DOX formulations were designed as IC50 values; dExoIII, 1.8 mu g/mL, dExoII, 1.2 mu g/mL, and dExoI, 0.6 mu g/mL, respectively. Formulations were evaluated by MTT test against highly metastatic A549 (CCL-185; ATTC) cell line. Confocal images of unloaded (naive) were obtained by CellMask(TM)membrane staining before DOX loading. Although, dexosome membranes were highly durable subsequent to ultrasonication, it was observed that dexosomes could not be stable above 70 degrees C during the SEM-image analyses. dExoIII displayed sustained release profile. It was found that dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) results were in good agreement with each other. Zeta potentials of loaded dexosomes have approximately between -15 to -20 mV; and, their sizes are 150 nm even after ultrasonication. IDcJAWSII dexosomes can be able to be utilized as the "BioNanoMaterial" after DOX loading via ultrasonication technique.
Effects of estrogen and progesterone on the neurogenic inflammatory neuropeptides: Implications for gender differences in migraine
(Springer, 2020) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Kılınç, Erkan; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Ögün, Muhammed Nur
Neurogenic inflammation including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance-P (SP) release plays a pivotal role in migraine pathogenesis. Prevalence of migraine is similar to 3 folds higher in women than in men, but its underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We investigated the effects of female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone on CGRP and SP in in-vivo and ex-vivo in rats of both sexes. For in-vivo experiments, male, female and ovariectomized rats were separated into four groups (n = 7) as control, estrogen, progesterone and estrogen + progesterone, respectively. Groups received daily intraperitoneal vehicle, 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol + progesterone for 5 days, respectively. For ex-vivo experiments in both sexes, isolated trigeminal ganglia and hemiskull preparations were divided into four groups (n = 6 or 8), respectively, as in-vivo groups, and administered the same test substances. CGRP and SP contents in plasma and superfusates were determined using ELISA. In in-vivo experiments, 17 beta-estradiol decreased CGRP levels in males and SP levels in ovariectomized rats. Progesterone increased both CGRP and SP levels in females. Their combination decreased both CGRP and SP levels in males, and only SP levels in ovariectomized rats. In ex-vivo experiments, 17 beta-estradiol reduced CGRP release in males and SP release in females in trigeminal ganglia. While progesterone increased CGRP release in trigeminal ganglia, it reduced SP release from hemiskulls in both sexes. Their combination restored progesterone-mediated changes in neuropeptides releases in both trigeminal ganglia and hemiskulls in both sexes. Estrogen alleviates neurogenic inflammation through modulation of CGRP and SP release. Progesterone has dual effects on these neuropeptides in different sites associated with migraine pain.
Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy administered using methylene blue, toluidine blue and tetra 2-mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine in root canals contaminated with Enterococcusaecalis
(Elsevier, 2020) Karaoğlu, Gamze Er; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Erdönmez, Demet; Göl, Cem; Durmuş, Mahmut
Background: Traditional chemomechanical treatment procedures are an indispensable part of endodontic treatment, however, additional treatment approaches such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may also be recommended for the elimination of residual microorganisms. In this study, the disinfection efficiency of aPDT performed using methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue (TB), and tetra 2-mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine (TM-ZnPc) was compared in the roots contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and methods: Forty-nine teeth with a single root and canal were included in this study. The roots were sterilized, and inoculated with E. faecalis. The roots were kept in an incubator for 30 days to form the biofilm. Forty-five teeth were prepared up to the F3 file of the ProTaperNext system under 2.5 % NaOCL irrigation. The samples were divided into three groups according to the type of used photosensitizer (PS) (n = 15); MB (313 mu M), TB (327 mu M), and TM-ZnPc (6 mu M). All PSs were irradiation with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (630 nm, 2-4 mW/cm(2)) for the 60 s. Two microbiological samples of the intracanal content were taken (one before and one immediately after additional aPDT in all groups) using sterile paper points. The colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were calculated after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Results: After all aPDT protocols, intracanal bacterial load decreased significantly compared to the amount after chemomechanical preparation (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the reduction in intracanal bacterial load was found between the PSs (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the current study, the aPDT protocol performed with TM-ZnPc provided similar antimicrobial efficacy, although it was used at a lower concentration compared to MB and TB. Therefore, the use of TM-ZnPc in intra-canal disinfection in endodontics seems promising.
Correction and source apportionment of vehicle emission factors obtained from Bolu Mountain Highway Tunnel, Turkey
(Turkish Natl Committee Air Pollution Res & Control-Tuncap, 2020) Karşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu; Berberler, Ercan; Berberler, Tuğçe; Aslan, Özge; Karakaş, Serpil Yenisoy; Karakaş, Duran
Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected in the atmosphere of Bolu Mountain Highway Tunnel located on the axis of Edirne-Istanbul-Ankara on the main artery of Turkey, by using PUF samplers between 24 and June 29, 2018. Thirty-five major and trace metals, 11 water-soluble anions and cations, and OC and EC concentrations were determined at the entrance and the exit of the tunnel. Emission factor calculations were carried out with and without correction of the data set against crustal contributions. The non-crustal net concentration data set was used as an input for the factor analysis and factor analysis-multiple linear regression. Factor analysis identified five sources, namely, (1) road dust re-suspension, (2) road cover material and tyre wear abrasion, (3) brake pad solid lubricants, (4) diesel combustion emission, and (5) gasolineLPG combustion emission. Contributions of identified sources on the TSP concentrations and emission factors were quantified by using the FA-MR technique and the results were discussed. Tin and Sb were identified and reported as the best marker for the brake-related non-exhaust emissions in the road tunnel. FA-MR results showed that 46, 60, 49, and 37% of Ba, Cu, Fe, and Mn, respectively were contributed by dust re-suspension. The main sources of EC (39%) and OC (49%) were observed to be gasoline-LPG emissions and 69% of sulfate and 62% of Pb in TSP fraction was contributed by diesel emission. Tin and Sb were mainly affected by the brake pad solid lubricant factor and 64% of Sn and 53% of Sb were contributed by this factor.
In vitro effects of direct and alternate electric fields on saos-2 cell line
(Verduci Publisher, 2019) Fidan, Murat; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Çoban, Melih; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Kılınç, Erkan
Objective: The exposure of electric fields in daily life is greatly increased through the use of electronic devices, new transportation technologies and various other devices. Alternate current (AC) and direct current (DC) are the types of current flow in a circuit. However, their impacts at the cellular and tissue level, especially in bones, are not well known. Therefore, in the present study, our aim was to investigate the in vitro effects and potential differences of both 50 Hz AC and DC electric fields on osteosarcoma cell lines. We hypothesized that exposure of AC and DC electric fields increased the cell numbers in Saos-2 cell line. Patients and Methods: The cells were exposed to 50 Hz AC electric field at different levels (0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kV/cm) and the cell numbers were determined after 24 hours of exposure. Likewise, the impact of 50 Hz AC electric field on cells was investigated 48 h after the exposure at the same levels. Moreover, cells were also exposed to DC electric field at different levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.3 kV/cm). Results: Cell numbers in 4 kV/cm and 2 kV/cm AC electric field doses were increased after 24 h and 48 h of exposure, respectively, compared to controls. Likewise, the number of cells in 0.5 and 2.3 kV/cm exposure groups was increased 24 h after exposure to DC electric field. Conclusions: The results show the potential adverse effects of 50 Hz AC and DC electric fields by increasing the number of cells in osteosarcoma cell lines. However, since investigations were performed on a tumoral cell line, these results cannot indicate how electric fields would impact the transformation of normal cells to malignant cells.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and ionic compositions of atmospheric bulk deposition samples at a national park under the influence of intense barbecue smoke
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Karşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu; Berberler, Ercan; Karakaş, Duran
The main aim of this study was to present the effects of barbecue smoke on a small-scale environment, a national park under the influence of intense barbecue smoke, and to scientifically support the sustainable usage of the park. Twelve-weekly bulk deposition samples were collected directly at the barbecuing area, and the samples were analysed for 16 US EPA's priority PAH compounds and major ions. The mean concentrations of the individual PAHs in the bulk deposition samples ranged from 11.8 ng L-1 (Ane) to 1085 +/- 581 ng L-1 (IcdP). The most frequently observed PAH compounds in the bulk deposition samples were Np, Anp, Flr, Phe, An, Flu, BkF, BaP and IcdP. The mean total PAH deposition fluxes were determined as 3.6 +/- 5.6 mu g m(-2) day(-1). The chloride, potassium and the sulphate fluxes were determined as 145.2 +/- 267.8 mu g m(-2) day(-1), 182.9 +/- 291.9 mu g m(-2) day(-1), and 111.9 +/- 65.9 mu g m(-2) day(-1), respectively. Dominant ions in the bulk deposition samples were potassium ion, chloride and sulphate which addressed as the fingerprint of barbecue grilling.
Multicomponent synthesis of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-8-yl-phosphonates as a model of plant growth regulator
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Altuğ, Cevher; Yakubu Saleh, Lange; Caner, Esra; Güneş, Hanife; Sameeullah, Muhammad
A series of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-8-yl-phosphonate derivatives have been obtained by the reaction of diethyl (E)-((4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)methyl)phospohonate, malononitrile and two equivalent of various aromatic aldehydes in a multicomponent reaction with good yields. The structures of the new compounds are confirmed by spectroscopic methods (IR, H-1, C-13, P-31 NMR and HRMS). Compound diethyl-(Z)-(5-amino-6-cyano-2-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-7-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridin -8-yl)phosphonate (4k) at 1mM concentration enhanced biomass plant height, number of branches and leaf area of tomato plants of at least two-fold compared to the control plants. In common bean plants, this compound enhanced the chlorophyl content and delayed senescence in comparison to the control plants. Therefore, in future studies, the compound(s) would be further tested to evaluate deeply their mode of action at physiological, biochemical and molecular level to finally enhance crop productivity of various plants.
Transgenerational effects of periconception heavy metal administration on adipose weight and glucose homeostasis in mice at maturity
(Oxford University Press, 2019) Çamsarı, Çağrı; Folger, Joseph K.; Rajput, Sandeep K.; McGee, Devin; Latham, Keith E.; Smith, George W.
We previously demonstrated that periconception maternal administration (2 mg/kg body weight each) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) plus methylmercury (II) chloride (CH3HgCl) impaired glucose homeostasis and increased body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weight of male offspring in the F1 generation. However, transgenerational effects of this exposure have not been studied. Therefore, the effects of periconception Cd+Hg administration on indices of chronic diseases at adulthood in F2-F4 generations were examined. Male and female progeny of Cd+Hg periconceptionally treated females, and offspring of vehicle control females were bred with naive CD1 mice to obtain F2 offspring, with additional crosses as above to the F4 generation (F1-F4 animals were not administered Cd+Hg). Birth weights and litter size were similar in all generations. Indices of impaired glucose homeostasis were observed in matrilineally descended F2 male offspring, including reduced glucose tolerance, along with increased basal phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307 suggesting altered insulin signaling. Reduced glucose tolerance was also seen in F4 males. Increased body weight and/or abdominal adiposity were observed through the F4 generation in males descended matrilineally from the treated female progenitors. Patrilineally derived F2 females displayed reduced glucose tolerance. Females (F2) patrilineally and matrilineally derived displayed significant kidney enlargement. Periconception administration of cadmium and mercury caused persistent transgenerational effects in offspring through the F4 generation in the absence of continued toxicant exposure, with persistent transgenerational effects inherited specifically through the matrilineal germline.
Suppressing photorespiration for the improvement in photosynthesis and crop yields: A review on the role of S-allantoin as a nitrogen source
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Fahad, Shah; Khan, Faheem Ahmed; Pandupuspitasari, NuruliarizkiShinta; Hussain, Saddam; Khan, Imtiaz Ali; Sameeullah, Muhammad
Environmental variations resulting in biotic and abiotic stresses demand adaptive changes in the photosynthetic machinery. To cope with these challenges, plant scientists are constantly striving to enhance photosynthetic activity. The photorespiration pathway, which fixes O-2 and releases CO2 in C-3 plants, competes with photosynthesis. One method to increase yield would be to enhance photosynthesis by engineering the photorespiratory pathway. To date, three engineered photorespiratory pathways have been produced, of which two have been proven experimentally in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. These approaches might be helpful in enhancing crop resilience to future environmental challenges. In partially photorespiratory suppressed plants, it is hypothesized that a gene cluster may have formed between bacterial glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH), glyoxylate carboligase (GCL), and tartronic semi aldehyde (TSR) genes with Arabidopsis allantoin degradation genes like Arabidopsis allantoinase (AtALN) to utilize S-allantoin as a source of nitrogen. Observations of the use of allantoin as an exclusive source of nitrogen or energy by Arabidopsis and Escherichia coli led us to propose a genetic switch control model between nitrogen assimilation and energy producing pathways in partially photorespiratory suppressed plants.
Impact of water-soluble zwitterionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines against pathogenic bacteria
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Mantareva, Vanya; Göl, Cem; Kussovski, Vesselin; Durmuş, Mahmut; Angelov, Ivan
The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1-4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1-4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1-3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid) oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-( N-propanesulfonic acid) mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid) mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid) mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (-) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1-4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1-4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.
Determination of the quality and shelf life of sous vide cooked turkey cutlet stored at 4 and 12 centigrade degrees
(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2018) Akoğlu, İlker Turan; Bıyıklı, Merve; Akoğlu, Aylin; Kurhan, Şebnem
The aim of this study was to determine the quality and shelf life of sous vide turkey cutlet stored at 4 and 12 degrees C. Samples were packaged under vacuum into polyamide-polypropylene pouches, cooked using sous vide technology (65 degrees C/40 min), chilled at 3 degrees C and stored at 4 and 12 degrees C for 5 weeks. Microbial (TMAB, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, moulds and yeasts, Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, Cl. perfringens), physical-chemical (pH, water activity, TBARS, L*a*b* colour, texture profile analysis and shear force) and sensory (appearance, colour, odour, flavour, juiciness, chewiness and acceptance) parameters were determined. According to the results of mesophilic bacterial counts and sensory analysis, the shelf life of the sous vide turkey cutlet, cooked at 65 degrees C for 40 min, was determined as 28 days at 4 degrees C while 15 days at 12 degrees C. Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, Cl. perfringens were not detected in turkey cutlet samples during the storage period. It was detected that sous vide cooked provided convenient ready-to-eat foods and a long shelf life for turkey cutlet.
Preparation of single walled carbon nanotube-pyrene 3D hybrid nanomaterial and its sensor response to ammonia
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2018) Şenocak, Ahmet; Göl, Cem; Basova, Tamara V.; Demirbaş, Erhan; Durmuş, Mahmut; Al-Sagur, Hadi; Kadem, Burak
In this work, the structural features and sensor response toward ammonia of a three dimensional (3D) SWCNTs material covalently functionalised with 1,6-diethynylpyrene were studied. The target SWCNTs hybrid material was prepared by the reaction of azido substituted SWCNTs with 1,6-diethynylpyrene containing double terminal alkyne groups via the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (Click) reaction. The structure of the 1,6-diethynylpyrene compound was determined by different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, H-1 NMR, MALDI-TOF mass and UV-vis, while its SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid material was characterized by FT-IR, Raman, UV-vis spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology of the hybrid films was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The sensing performance of the SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid material was studied against low-concentrations of NH3 in the range of 0.1-40 ppm by measuring changes in the films' conductivity at different levels of relative humidity. The reversible electrical sensor response toward ammonia was observed both in the case of SWCNT and SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid films, however the response values of SWCNT-Pyrene 3D hybrid film were higher than those of SWCNT. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Investigation of washout and rainout processes in sequential rain samples
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Karşı, Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu; Karakaş, Serpil Yenisoy; Karakaş, Duran
In this study rainfall events were sampled sequentially between April and June 2014 (one event in April, two in May and one in June 2014) in the city center of Bolu province located in the western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Particle size distributions, pHs, major ion compositions and fractional distributions, neutralization factors and washout, rainout identifications were investigated by evaluating the data obtained from the sequences of the rain events. Local wind directions and upper atmospheric three dimensional back trajectory calculations were also used to identify the source regions affecting the receptor site. The primary purposes of this study were to present the effectiveness of washout and rainout processes and to identify the contributions of local and distant source regions to the rainfall events affecting the north western part of Turkey. The average pH values for the subsamples were determined as 5.20 +/- 0.47, 5.51 +/- 0.21, 6.97 +/- 0.23 (6.66-7.20) and 6.42 +/- 0.16 (6.17-6.66), respectively for the four rain events sampled. Ninety percent of the particles were smaller than 1135 gm for the first fraction, 444,5 gm for the second fraction, and 0.79 gm for the third fraction, respectively. Except for the fourth fraction, sequences of the rain event showed a linear decrease in particle sizes. The highest rainout to washout ratios were observed for nitrate ion (72.4%) and followed by ammonium ion (63.5%), chloride (48.4%), sulfate (46.3%), magnesium ion (41.5%), and potassium ion (31.2%). Strong correlations of nitrate and sulfate with Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ suggested that the rain droplets were neutralized by these alkaline ions.
Synthesis of novel dimeric subphthalocyanines via azide-alkyne Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and palladium-catalyzed Glaser-Hay coupling reactions
(World Sci Publ Co Inc, 2017) Göktuğ, Özge; Göl, Cem; Durmuş, Mahmut
In this study, the monomeric subphthalocyanines bearing azido (2) and terminal ethynyl (3) groups were synthesized. These subphthalocyanines were converted to their dimeric derivatives using azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition and palladium-catalyzed Glaser-Hay coupling reactions subphthalocyanine (4) and (5), respectively. The novel subphthalocyanines were fully characterized by elemental analysis and general spectroscopic methods such as MALDI-TOF mass, FT-IR, UV-vis and H-1-NMR. All synthesized subphthalocyanines showed quite good solubility in the most of common organic solvents. The fluorescence measurements were conducted for these subphthalocyanines to estimate their fluorescence quantum yields. The singlet oxygen generation abilities were also examined to investigate their photosensitizer properties.
DNA-bioprotective effects of lactic acid bacteria against aflatoxin B-1
(Enviro Research Publishers, 2016) Kurhan, Şebnem; Çakır, İbrahim
Lactic acid bacteria commonly named as probiotics have a broad range of utilization area in human diet and food industry. Besides these known properties of probiotics, in recent years many researchers have focused on their anti-genotoxic called DNA-bioprotective effects. Human gets exposure with genotoxins such as mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and n-nitroso-compounds through diet and environmental contaminations. Aflatoxin B-1 is mycotoxin which was reported one of the most potent hepato-carcinogen and its exposure stems from human diet. In this study, we aimed to investigate DNA-bioprotective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells against Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) with comet assay without metabolic activation. The results showed that DNA-bioprotective effect of L. plantarum did reduce the AFB(1)'s genotoxic effect on colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Positive control (50 iM H2O2 applied) and high dose (>10ppm) AFB(1) applied cells have the same comet tail appearance. Only visual scoring is performed. Besides negative control cells (Only PBS) and Lactobacillus plantarum+AFB(1) mixture showed the same manner with each other; no comet tail detected. These results clearly indicate that L. plantarum is capable of reduce AFB(1) safely without producing any by-products.

Güncel Gönderiler