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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/174

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Effect of KATP openers and blockers on AKT and mTOR mRNA levels in the hippocampus and cortex of rats with penicillin induced epilepsy
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources - NISCAIR, 2023) Ümit, Kılıç; Soytürk, Hayriye
Opening or closing of K-ATP channels affects some signaling pathways in the brain. These signaling pathways are thought to be associated with epilepsy. Here, we investigated the effect of K-ATP channel opener and blocker on the AKT mTOR mRNA expressions in the hippocampus and cortex regions in the penicillin model of epilepsy in rats. Four groups were created viz. Control (C), Epilepsy (E), Epilepsy-Opener (E-O) and Epilepsy-Blocker (E-B). Epileptic focus was created by administering penicillin into the brain, and the seizure-related AKT, mTOR mRNA levels were determined by qPCR on days 1(st), 4(th), and 8(th) after the seizure. The AKT mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus were statistically significant (P <0.05) in the E 1(st) day group. mTOR mRNA expression levels were observed to be significantly higher in the E 1(st) day and 8(th) day groups than in control and all opener groups. (P <0.05). mTOR mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the E-B 1(st) day and 8(th) day group compared to the control and opener groups (P <0.05). AKT mRNA expression levels in the cortex were found to be statistically significantly higher in the E 1(st) day group than in the other groups. mTOR mRNA expression was significantly higher in the E 4(th) day group than in the control group. The results suggest that activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is effective in the development of epilepsy and that the effect of KATP channels on epilepsy may be via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Optimization and characterization of biodegradable films from chicken gelatin crosslinked with oxidized phenolic compounds
(Elsevier, 2024) Erge, Aydın; Güler, Büşra Zeynep; Eren, Ömer
Chicken gelatin derived from poultry by-product was combined with caffeic acid (CA), rutin (RUT) and glycerol (GLY) to obtain biodegradable films. Optimum cross-linking conditions were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that cross-linking led to lower L* value and higher b*, and the higher opacity values in the films. Water solubility (WS) decreased up to 50% after the incorporation of 1.25% CA compared to the commercial gelatin (cattle and pig based) films. Crosslinking improved the thermal stability and the tensile strength (TS) of films. Optimized cross-linking combination was determined as 0.96-1.56% CA, 0-1.25% RUT, and 29.5-30.5% GLY. Overall, this study demonstrated that crosslinking by CA and RUT can be used to improve the physical and barrier properties of gelatin films having excellent potential for the development of biodegradable films for packaging uses. These films may also result in an improvement and added value in poultry by-products.
Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: Behavioral and biochemical evidence
(Medicinska Naklada, 2023) Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Coşkun, Hamit; Fırat, Tülin
Aim To assess the protective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides (LBP) on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods One hundred female Wistar albino rats (three months old) were randomly assigned either to ovariectomy (n = 50) or sham surgery (n = 50). After a 14-day recovery period, the groups were divided into five treatment subgroups (10 per group): high-dose LBP (200 mg/kg), low-dose LBP (20 mg/kg), imipramine (IMP, 2.5 mg/kg), 17 beta estradiol (E2, 1 mg/kg), and distilled water. Then, rats underwent a forced swimming test. We also determined the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde), E2 levels, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5HT2A receptor, and transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results Both low-dose LBP and imipramine decreased depression-like behavior by increasing serum superoxide dismutase activity and by decreasing serum malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, low-dose LPB, high-dose LBP, and imipramine increased the number of 5-HT2A receptor-and BDNF-positive cells but decreased the number of TUNELpositive cells in the hippocampus. Conclusion This is the first study to show the antidepressant effect of LBP. Although additional research is needed, LBP may be considered a potential new antidepressant.
Can hyperoxic stress cause susceptibility to acute seizure in the neonatal period?: A rat study
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Dilek, Mustafa; Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Hancı, Fatma; Taş, Sinan; Kabakuş, Nimet
Objective: Preterm neonates encounter hyperoxia relatively early, and are more exposed to hyperoxic stress due to their insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study was planned around the hypothesis that this hyperoxic effect may cause a disposition to future acute seizures. Methods: This study was composed of two main groups Hyperoxy and Control (Room air with normal O-2 levels) Groups. Group 1 - hyperoxia (Study): The experimental group consisted of premature newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia with their dams from birth to postnatal day 5. Group 2 - room air (Control): The group was not exposed to hyperoxia and housed the same room air and temperature as their dams. Female, Acute Epilepsy Female, Male, Acute Epilepsy Male, and a total of eight subgroups were formed in both the control and hyperoxia groups. When the rats were two months old, intracranial electrodes were attached to obtain electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings. Pre-model recordings were taken, after which an acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model of absence seizure was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of PTZ at 50 mg/kg. ECoG records were examined using the PowerLab system for 180 min. Spike wave number and duration, Spike wave frequency and amplitude data were evaluated.Results: Seven female and three male rats were exposed to hyperoxia, and a control group of five female and three male rats were included in the study. The median interquartile range for spike wave latency in the hyperoxia and control groups were 1112 (644-1545) and 654 (408-1152), frequency 4476 (3120-7421) and 3934 (2264-4704), and amplitude data 0.68 (0.59-0.79) and 0.52 (0.37-0.67), respectively. Although a difference was observed in median values capable of constituting susceptibility to epilepsy, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In terms of gender, spike-wave counts were significantly higher in female rats (p < 0.05). Females exposed to hyperoxia were more susceptible to epilepsy than both males and females in the control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Exposure to hyperoxia in the first days of life of premature neonates due to their susceptibility to oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidant mechanisms, can cause a disposition to acute seizures. As a result, females exposed to hyperoxia during the neonatal period may be prone to epilepsy in maturity.
The effects of stocking density on slaughter performance and some meat quality parameters of Pekin ducks
(Copernicus Gesellschaft MBH, 2022) Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Okur, Nezih; Yaman, Ahmet
The effects of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality were primarily investigated in this research. A total of 240 Pekin ducks were used, and they were reared until slaughter age (42 d) in three different stocking density groups (three, five and seven ducklings m(-2)). To compare the slaughter performance of the ducklings' live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight and yield, and edible giblet weight (heart, liver and gizzard) were investigated. The meat quality was compared between the treatment groups based on dry matter ratio, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, pH values, and colour parameters (L, a, b, c, h and Delta E values). Carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight were found to decrease in parallel to the increasing stocking density, resulting in a reduction in thigh and breast meat weights and ratios (P < 0.05). Increasing the stocking density decreased the heart weight and positively improved the liver and gizzard ratio (P < 0.05). However, it did not affect the meat quality parameters investigated in this research (P < 0.05). The breast meat of the ducks reared under higher stocking density had higher L, h and Delta E values, lower a value (P < 0.05), and similar b and c values (P < 0.05). Evaluating the overall research findings, it was concluded that increased stocking density when rearing ducks negatively affects the slaughter performance, affecting only breast meat colour and weight of thigh meat with skin in investigated meat quality parameters.
Effects of incubator oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on hatchability of fertile eggs, some blood parameters, and histopathological changes of broilers with different parental stock ages in high altitude
(Elsevier, 2023) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yiğit, Ayşe Arzu; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kabakçı, Ruhi; Özsoy, Şule Yurdagül
The effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs (IVP) as control (C; 0.67% CO2 and 20.33% O-2), high CO2 (HC; 1.57% CO2 and 20.26% O-2), high O-2 (HO; 0.50% CO2 and 21.16% O-2), and high CO2 + O-2 (HCO; 1.17% CO2 21.03% O-2) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED (EED) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage +pipped but unhatched ED (MLPED) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO (P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP (P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.
Research of the effects of katp channel openers and blockers on akt, mtor, bdnf, ngf gene expressions in hippocampus and cortex in rats with penicillin model experimental epilepsy
(Wiley, 2022) Yıldız, Ayşegül; Yılmaz, Murat; Kılıç, Ümit; Soytürk, Hayriye
Meeting abstract
Comparison of litter quality, performance, and some welfare parameters of broilers reared on the sepiolite-supplemented paper waste sludge
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2022) Eser, Handan; Onbaşılar, Esin Ebru; Yalçın, Sakine; Ramay, Muhammad Shazaib; Karakan, Tuğba; Güngör, Ömer Faruk
Waste management is the protection of the environment and the health of the population. Paper waste sludge is produced during paper production and sepiolite is a natural clay mineral. The aim of the study was to investigate the usability of sepiolite-added paper waste sludge as a bedding material in the broiler production. Two hundred eighty-eight 1-day old male broiler chicks were divided into the 6 bedding material groups (wood shavings (control), paper waste sludge, sepiolite, mix of 25% paper waste sludge and 75% sepiolite, mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite, and mix of 75% paper waste sludge and 25% sepiolite) with 6 replicate pens per group. Litter quality, performance, and some welfare parameters of broilers were assessed during the 6 weeks' period. Body weight at 42 days of age and body weight gain from 0 to 42 days of broilers reared on the wood shavings and mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite were found higher than those of the sepiolite and paper waste sludge groups. Feed consumption and feed to gain ratio from 0 to 42 days, yields of carcass and carcass parts, percentages of organs and abdominal fat, IgG, percentage of bursa Fabricius, burns of foot pad and breast, litter pH and meat properties of broilers reared on the wood shavings, paper waste sludge, and sepiolite litter groups were not found to be statistically different. Litter moisture was found higher in the paper waste sludge group than that in the sepiolite group at the 42 days of rearing. As a conclusion, usage of mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite as a litter does not have any negative effects on performance, welfare, and litter quality. This result is important in terms of utilizing a waste product.
Effects of ventilation programme and eggshell thickness on hatchability rate and hatching time of broiler eggs
(South African Journal of Animal Sciences, 2021) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda
The aim of the research was to determine whether enrichment of the atmosphere in an incubator with carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) and eggshell thickness ( EST) affected embryonic death (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) and hatching time (HT). A total of 320 Ross 308 eggs were used and the experiment was repeated twice. Eggshell thickness was classified as thin (<31 mu m), medium (31 - 32 mu m) and thick (>32 mu m). The incubators were operated with their internal atmosphere enriched with CO2 (1.57% CO2; 20.23% O-2) or O-2 (0.50% CO2; 22.44% O-2). Embryonic death, HFE and HT data were monitored at three periods, namely early (<486 hours), middle (486 - 492 hours), and late (492 - 510 hours). Early ED, late ED and hatchability of fertile eggs were not affected by EST or by the incubator's internal atmosphere (P >0.05). Thus, O-2 supplementation to the incubator was deemed unnecessary at 822 m altitude. There was a highly significant interaction between EST and HT. Eggs with shells 31 to 32 mu m thick hatched at an appreciably greater rate between 486 and 492 hours of incubation (17%) than eggs with thicker (0.6%) or thinner (0.4%) shells in both the CO2 and O-2 enriched atmospheres. The hatching rate was significantly higher in the eggs with an intermediate EST than in thick-shelled eggs. A greater proportion of eggs hatched at the late HT as opposed to earlier, regardless of EST.
Chicken gelatin modification by caffeic acid: A response surface methodology investigation
(Elseiver Science Ltd, 2021) Erge, Aydın; Eren, Ömer
Chemical modifications of gelatin from mechanically separated chicken meat (MSM) residue were practiced using caffeic acid as a cross-linker. The effects of oxidation period (OP), cross-linking temperature (CT), and caffeic acid (CA) concentration were investigated. Experiments were performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of 16 different cross-linking modifications on the physicochemical properties of chicken gelatin gels were investigated. Maximum gel strength was determined at 12.5 min OP, 50 degrees C CT and 2.5% CA concentration and this was 63% higher than the control (uncross-linked chicken gelatin). Temperature has an increasing effect on the degree of cross-linking value up to a certain degree. The highest degree of cross-linking was observed at between 50 degrees and 55 degrees C. The color characteristics of gels were affected by cross-linking having more brown color. Overall this study demonstrated that caffeic acid has a potential to be an efficient natural cross-linking factor increasing the mechanical properties of chicken gelatin thermo-irreversibly.
Effect of gelatin/chitosan coating on chicken patty quality during frozen storage: A response surface methodology application
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2021) Erge, Aydın; Eren, Ömer
Quality loss of food products is an important problem for food producers and consumers. Edible coating application is an alternative method to preserve food quality and to extend shelf life. In this study, a coating solution composed of chicken gelatin (0-6%), chitosan (0-2%) and sorbitol (0-1.5%), was practiced to preserve chicken patty during frozen storage. Gelatin was extracted from chicken MSM (Mechanically Separated Meat) residue and chicken patties were prepared from spent hen. The physicochemical properties (moisture, pH, thiobarbituric acid value, shrinkage value, texture and color) of chicken patties were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) by 15 different coating combinations. The increase in gelatin and chitosan concentrations reduced significantly lipid oxidation. The application of chitosan decreased hardness of chicken patties and improved texture properties. Shrinkage decreased by increasing sorbitol concentration. Overall, an optimal coating blend formed by chicken gelatin (6%), chitosan (1.5-2.0%) and sorbitol (1.0-1.5%) showed the best effect on preserving quality of chicken patties during frozen storage.
The effects of plastic slatted floor and a deep- litter system on the growth performance of hybrid Pekin ducks
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2021) Eratalar, Sabri Arda
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of plastic slatted floors and a deep-litter system using wood shavings on the growth performance of current commercial hybrid Pekin ducks. A total of 96 Pekin ducks (Star 53) were reared for 42 d. Live weight, live-weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, water consumption, and water / feed consumption ratio were investigated as the performance criteria. With the use of plastic slatted floors, the feed conversion rate dropped and the water / feed consumption ratio showed an incline (p<0.05). This is a very favourable result for the poultry industry and growers. The remaining parameters did not change by altering the ground system (p>0.05). Generally, it can be stated that plastic slatted floor use has advantages concerning the performance criteria of the feed consumption ratio and the water / feed consumption ratio in comparison to the deep-litter system. Furthermore, improvement in the feed conversion ratio is known to benefit the overall performance of poultry as well as having a positive economic impact. It should also be noted that as the birds grew, they were visually less stained, which is another important factor determining feather quality. However, this should be further investigated in future research.
Effects of dried thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves on performance, some egg quality traits and immunity in laying hens
(Ankara Univ Press, 2020) Yalçın, Sakine; Eser, Handan; Onbaşılar, İlyas; Yalçın, Suzan
The aim of the present study was to investigate the usage of thyme leaves and its effects on performance, some egg quality traits and humoral immunity in laying hens. A total of 108 laying hens aged 36 weeks were randomly assigned to three dietary groups for 16 weeks. Dried and ground (Thymus vulgaris L.) thyme leaves were used at the level of 0, 1 and 2% in the diets of groups. Feed intake, body weight, egg production, egg weight and egg quality characteristics were not affected by dietary thyme supplementation. Thyme supplementation at 2% resulted in beneficial effects in laying hens due to the lowering of yolk cholesterol and total saturated fatty acids concentration while increasing omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, the yolk malondialdehyde, blood serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels were reduced and antibody titers against SRBC were increased with 2% thyme supplementation. In conclusion, the results showed the antioxidative and hypolipidemic effects of thyme supplementation in laying hens along with improved humoral immune response without any negative effects on performance and egg quality characteristics.
Anxiolytic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of goji berry polysaccharides in ovariectomized rats: experimental evidence from behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses
(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2020) Pehlivan Karakaş, Fatma; Coşkun, Hamit; Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe
Recent studies have indicated that polysaccharides, the main component of the Lycium barbarum L. fruit, have beneficial effects (e.g., anxiolytic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective) on humans and rodents. However, the effects of different dosages of such polysaccharides on ovariectomized rats and their underlying mechanisms in the brain have not been evaluated in the literature. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the high and low doses of polysaccharides obtained from Lycium barbarum fruits (HD-LBP and LD-LBP, respectively) on anxious behaviors via behavioral (using the OFT and EPM), biochemical (using ELISA), and immunohistochemical (using immunohistochemical staining) measures in detail. Two weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were randomly assigned to either the treatment conditions [control (DW, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), LD-LBP (20 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), HD-LBP (200 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), 17 beta-ES (1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), DZ(1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day)] or operation type [SHAM (pseudo-ovariectomized) and OVX (ovariectomized)]. The treatments were applied for 30 consecutive days, and then serum and brain tissue samples of all rats were collected. Biochemical (SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, and 17 beta-ES) and immunohistochemical (BDNF, SER, and apoptosis) analyses of the samples were performed as well. The rats administered HD-LBP and LD-LBP were less anxious than the control groups. The HD-LBP-treated rats had high levels of SOD and low levels of MDA in their serum samples. Moreover, HD-LBP and drug-treated groups had a high number of SER receptors and BDNF-positive cells and a low number of TUNEL-positive cells in their hippocampal brain tissues. The HD-LBP treatments decrease anxious behavior by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, hippocampal SER and BDNF neurotransmitter levels and decreasing the TUNEL-positive cell count of ovariectomized rats. Given these findings, we suggest that menopause-induced symptoms of anxiety can be reduced by polysaccharides obtained from goji berry fruits, and that these findings will be beneficial for the production studies of natural herbal-origin antianxiety (anxiolytic) drugs in the future.
The effects of soy oil, poultry fat and tallow with fixed energy : protein ratio on broiler performance
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2020) Okur, Nezih
In this study, the effects of using soy oil (SO), poultry fat (PF) and tallow (T) in broiler feed at fixed energy : protein ratio on field and slaughter parameters were evaluated. The average live weight (ALW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production efficiency factor (PEF) and mortality were investigated as field performance parameters; carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), heart-liver weight (HLW), heart-liver yield (HLY), abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat yield (AFY) were investigated as slaughter performance parameters. The experiment was performed in accordance with animal welfare legislation of Turkey and continued for 41 d. It was conducted with a total of 12 600 Ross 308 broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain middle-aged (36 weeks) broiler breeders. Ten different diets in which SO in starter; SO, PF and T in grower and single; or equal mixing of them (SO + PF, SO + T, PF + T) in finisher were used. When animal fat (PF and T) was used instead of SO, especially in grower feed, the field performance parameters improved except for mortality (P<0.05). This situation was not seen in slaughter performance parameters except for CW, HLWand HLY (P>0.05). However, it was found that sex affected slaughter performance parameters except for CY and AFW; higher CW and HLW and lower AFY and HLY were observed due to higher CW in male broilers (P<0.05). In addition, the interactions between the type of the fat and sex were not found to be significant except for CW and CY (P>0.the end of the study, it was seen that if certain ratios are not exceeded, the use of animal fat instead of SO may be a good and economic alternative. Such an arrangement, which can be made depending on oil and fat prices, can reduce the feed cost, which is a more important result in terms of large integrations.
A comparison of IL-17 and IL-34 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
(Assoc Medica Brasileira, 2020) Soytürk, Hayriye; Yılmaz, Murat
OBJECTIVE: The role of interleukins, such as IL-17 and IL-34, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been established in the literature. In the current study, we aimed to identify the concentrations of IL-17 (IL-17A, IL-17F) and IL-34 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDN). METHODS: We included in this study 8 patients with CIDP (none of them receiving immunomodulatory or immunosuppressant therapy), 7 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS, AIDN), and 7 control subjects. The CIDP and AIDN diagnoses were made by clinical evaluation and electrophysiological investigations according to international criteria. CSF samples were obtained appropriately, and the levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 were higher in those with CIDP and AIDN compared to the controls (p=0.005, p=0.01, and p=0.001, respectively). While IL-34 levels were significantly higher in AIDN patients than in CIDP patients (p=0.04), there were no significant differences between the AIDN and CIDP groups with regard to the levels of IL-17A and IL-17F (p=0.4 and p=0.2, respectively) CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 levels may have a role in CIDP and AIDN. Furthermore, the difference in the IL-34 levels of patients with AIDN and CIDP may indicate an important difference between the pathogenesis of these two sets of the disease.
Effects of incubator carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, and egg weight on broilers' hatchability of fertile eggs
(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2019) Okur, Nezih
This study investigated the effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) levels, and egg weight (EW) on embryo mortality (EM) and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE). A total of 1920 hatching eggs were obtained from a middle-aged (41 weeks) ROSS 308 broiler breeder flock. The eggs were classified according to EW as heavy (69.63 +/- 0.09 g), medium (65.20 +/- 0.04 g) and light (61.11 +/- 0.08 g) and randomly allocated to four separate identical incubators. To these incubators, four different incubator ventilation programmes (IVP) classified as control (C; 0.7% CO2 and 20.9% O-2), high CO2 (HC; 1.1% CO2 and 20.3% O-2), high O-2 (HO; 0.6% CO2 and 22.0% O-2), and high CO2 + O-2 (HCO; 0.9% CO2 21.0% O-2) were applied, and EM and HFE were examined. IVP affected EM and HFE; a higher rate of early EM and a lower rate of HFE were obtained from the HO group compared to the HCO group, and a lower rate of HFE was observed in the HO group than to the C group (p<0.05). An association was found between EW and IVP (p<0.05), being more evident in early EM for light eggs. Consequently, IVP; i.e., different CO2 and O-2 levels in the incubator affected the hatching results. This is considered to be due to the altitude of the experiment (724m) and the uniform eggs being obtained from the same middle-aged flock, and incubator O-2 levels should be taken into consideration, as well as CO2.
Effect of poultry manure on yield and nutrient composition of sweet basil (ocimum basilicum l.)
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Çamlıca, Mahmut; Özen, Ferit; Eratalar, Sabri Arda
Poultry manure is one of the best organic fertilizers available and is an extremely valuable resource, organic matter content, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and percent base saturation. Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) is an essential oil producing crop used in culinary and fragrance applications. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the effects of organic poultry manure and conventional fertilization on plant growth, yield and inorganic matter content of sweet basil. In this context, the different doses of chicken and turkey manure (7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 t ha(-1)) with a control (no manure) and conventional fertilization were applied with sowing. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained from the plants grown with turkey and chicken manure at a rate of 10-12.5 t ha(-1). The most of the nutrient content varied significantly with organic poultry manure applications. Overall, basil plants fertilized with turkey manure at a rate of 10-12.5 t ha(-1) and 7.5 t ha(-1) chicken manure dose accumulated greater concentrations of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). The results from this study demonstrated that organic or conventional fertilizer can alter fresh or dry weight, and the nutrient content.
Electrophysiological evaluation of the effect of minoxidil on penicillin-g-Induced epilepsy in rats
(Wiley, 2019) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Gökdaş, Serhat; Orallar, Hayriye; Fırat, Tülin; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Fidan, Esra
[No Abstract Available]
Can excessive oxygen cause hyperactive behavior disorder in preterm children? Cognitive effects of hyperoxia in the preterm brain of rats
(Springer, 2019) Dilek, Mustafa; Orallar, Hayriye; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Bozat, Gökçe; Pehlivan, Fatma; Bekdaş, Mervan; Kabakuş, Nimet
There is a paucity of data on the effects of hyperoxia-induced brain damage on learning and such psychosocial phenomenon as anxiety. Preterm infants encounter hyperoxia within a relatively early stage of life (leaving the intrauterine environment earlier than was expected) and are exposed to high-level hyperoxic stress due to the insufficiency of their antioxidant defense mechanisms. In an experimental rat model, we investigated the effects of early postnatal hyperoxia on learning, anxiety, and depression in the early adulthood period. Rat nestlings (n = 7) were exposed to about 80% oxygen for the first 5 days after birth to create a rat model of hyperoxia, and these nestlings and those of the control group (n = 7) were subjected to behavioral tests (Morris water tank, open-field test, elevated plus maze, and Porsolt test) at 30 days old. Video recordings of the tests were captured, and indices of the tests in the experimental groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test. In the Morris water navigation task, the latency and distance required to locate the platform were greater (P = 0.018 and 0.025, respectively) in the hyperoxia group than in the control group, suggesting that exposure to hyperoxia during the development of the brain can exert a negative effect on the learning function. There was no difference in the time spent in the open center area of the open-field test (anxiety), while the rats in the hyperoxia group spent more time in the enclosed area in the elevated plus maze test, suggesting a higher level of anxiety (P = 0.048). In the Porsolt test, rats in the hyperoxia group moved faster (P = 0.013) and travelled a longer distance (P = 0.048). Although this finding suggests less depressive behavior in the mentioned group, which was contrary to the expectations, this may also explain the tendency of preterm infants to hyperactivity at later ages. Thus, it has been demonstrated experimentally that exposure of neonates to oxygen exceeding physiological needs may cause behavioral problems, such as impaired learning, anxiety, and hyperactivity.

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