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    Analysis of genetic diversity among common bean germplasm by start codon targeted (SCoT) markers
    (Springer, 2022) Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Emiralioğlu, Orkun; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Bayraktar, Harun; Palacıoğlu, Gülsüm; Özer, Göksel
    Background Breeding strategies to improve modern varieties having high yield, high nutritional value and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, etc. is very important to make up for the food deficiencies. Molecular studies as a tool in breeding programs for the characterization of germplasm have been performed with several DNA marker systems. Materials and methods In the present study, the genetic diversity of 53 common bean landraces and 22 registered varieties from Turkey, and 12 genotypes from USDA was investigated using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers for the first time worldwide. The 8 primers having stronger and more polymorphic bands were used for PCR amplification. Results The mean polymorphic band of all primers was found as 13.13. The average of polymorphic information content and resolving power values was 0.34 and 7.55, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) explored the existence of higher genetic diversity within populations accounting for 92% compared to among populations variations. According to cluster analysis (UPGMA) and genetic structure based on SCoT data, accessions were separated into Andean (PopA) and Mesoamerican PopB) gene pools. Moreover, accessions were mostly placed in the same groups/subgroups according to their geographical origin. Conclusions A high level of genetic diversity was observed between the investigated accessions in this work. The findings will help to plant breeders to characterize common bean accessions.
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    Assessment of mineral content variations for biofortification of the bean seed
    (2018) Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Akpolat, Hacer; Karaköy, Tolga; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Germplasm collections are very important for breeder to develop new cultivars with high mineral nutrients and yield. Eighty-three Phaseolus landraces were collected from different provinces of Western Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2015-2016. Twenty common bean lines were selected according to morphological characterization results and weighted scaling method in 2016. Phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) contents of these twenty common bean lines and two commercial cultivars were tested under field conditions. Randomized block design with three replicates was used for analysis in 2017 growing season on the experimental farm of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. The results showed high level of variation among lines and cultivars in terms of P (0.94-1.30%), K (2.38-3.59%), Cu (7.80-14.80 mg kg-1), Zn (19.74-66.68 mg kg-1), Mn (7.46-27.25 mg kg-1), Fe (48.98-182.45 mg kg-1), Ca (0.18-0.48 mg kg-1) and Mg (0.56-0.71 mg kg-1) contents. Positive correlations were found between K and Zn (r=0.447; P<0.05), P and Fe (r=0.485; P<0.05), Ca and Mg (r=0.693; P<0.01). In principal component analysis (PCA), the first 4 principal components accounted for approximately 73% of the total variability. The lines, Ylv-14, Ylv-32, Blck-7, Blksr-3 and Brs-22 had superior mineral contents for Fe and P, Cu and Mn, Ca and Mg, Zn, and K, respectively. Therefore, these lines represent promising candidates for biofortifying the bean seed and can be registered as cultivars in Turkey. Moreover, these lines will be used further for identifying the QTL regions by developing biparental mapping populations for an effective breeding program in Turkey in near future.
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    Assessment of variation in seed morphological traits in Phaseolus sp. landraces from western Anatolia
    (Banats Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, 2019) Cancı, Hüseyin; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Kantar, Faik; Bozkurt, Murat; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Özer, Göksel
    Seed size, seed shape and seed colour are easily discernible phenotypic traits of beans in the market. Consumers often have specific preferences to different combinations of seed size, shape and colour. Local landraces are usually grown for their desired organoleptic and seed properties by consumers. This study investigated the variability in seed size attributes, seed shape, visual seed colour properties and seed luminosity/chromaticity properties of the germplasm of 255 landraces representing major local bean types grown in 20 provinces in Western Anatolia Region of Turkey. Measurements were made on seeds from representative single plants for seed size index, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed width in cross section, seed shape, seed degree of curvature in kidney types, seed shape in cross section, number of seed colors, main seed color, secondary seed colour, distribution of secondary seed color, seed veining, colour of hilum ring and values of L (Luminosity), chromaticity a*, chromaticity b*, chroma (C) and hue angle. Data were statistically analysed, principle component analysis was carried out, the germplasm was classified by UPGMA dendograms and selections were made on the bases of GGE biplot analysis. Landraces showed a considerable diversity for seed size, seed shape and seed colour trait measured. All seed size variables ranged by 2-10-fold within the germplasm. 100-seed weight ranged ten-fold from very small seeded Meso-American types (18.4 g, e.g. AYD-8, KTH-30, MGL-1, DNZ-1 and BRD-24) to very large seeded Andean types (182.3 g, e.g. MGL-37, PKS-1, ANT-33, MGL-31 and ANT-16). Seed shape also varied as kidney-shaped (96 landraces), circular to elliptic (73), circular (58), elliptic (27) and rectangular (1) shapes. Main and secondary seed colours had considerable variation within the germplasm with 151 landraces had white, 31 grey, 31 beige, 23 brown, 8 violet, 5 red and 4 black main seed colour whereas 24 landraces had violet followed by 17 black and 14 red secondary seed colour. Landraces exhibited a large variation for chromaticity and luminosity variables. L value ranged between 20.3 and 90.1 representing a 4.5-fold variation. The landraces in the germplasm were assessed and characterised on the bases of diversity in seed morphological traits. Selections were made using UPGMA dendogram and GGE-biplot for production and breeding bean cultivars for preferences of changing consumer demands.
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    Batı Anadolu fasulye genetik kaynaklarının biyolojik çeşitliliğinin araştırılması ve karakterizasyonu
    (2019) Çancı, Hüseyin; Bozkurt, Murat; Kanta, Faik; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Özer, Göksel; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Bu çalışmada, Batı Anadolu Bölgesi'nde 10 ilde üretilen 156 önemli yerel fasulye ekotipi 2015 yılında toplanmış ve ekotipler arasındaki biyolojik çeşitliliği araştırmak ve karakterize etmek için 2016 yılında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi'nde tarla denemesi yürütülmüştür. İncelenen karakterler açısından en belirgin değişim kuru sap ve tane veriminde kaydedilirken bunu bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, bitki boyu ve yüz tane ağırlığı takip etmiştir. En yüksek bitki başına tane verimi MGL-30 (145.6 g), MGL-38 (101.7 g), ANT-43 (87.8 g) ve MGL-26 (81.9 g) genotiplerinden elde edilmiştir. Temel bileşen analizinde, 17 bileşen yerel fasulye genetik kaynaklarındaki varyasyonun %74.9’unu izah etmiştir. Bakla rengi, bitki tipi ve sarılma özelliği en fazla katkı sağlayan özellikler olmuştur. Bitki boyu ve olgunlaşma gün sayısı, biplot analizinde tane verimi ile aynı yönde ve en dar açıya sahip vektörler olmuştur. Morfolojik özellikler kullanılarak üretilen benzerlik dendogramı genotipleri iki ana gruba (A ve B) ve dört alt gruba (A1, A2, B1 ve B2 ) ayrılmıştır. Morfolojik özellikler açısından en uzak gruplarda yer alan MGL-01, KTH-01, MNS-01 ve ANT-13 ile UŞK-01, ANT-01, MGL-05 ve AYD-02 ekotipleri kullanılarak melezleme ıslahı ile yeni çeşitler geliştirilebilir.
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    Bazı nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) çeşitlerinde özelikler arası korelasyon ve path analizi
    (2017) Doğan, Yusuf; Oral, Erol; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Kendal, Enver
    Bu araştırmada ülkemizde tescil edilmiş bazı nohut çeşitlerinde tane verimi ile diğer verim unsurları arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve path analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, 2012-2013 yıllarında Mardin Kızıltepe ekolojik koşullarında kurulmuş ve tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada 10 adet tescilli nohut çeşidi (Azizye-94, Menemen-92, Yaşa-05, İzmir-92, ILC-482, Işık-05, Canitez-87, Er-99 Diyar-95, ve Gökçe) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; tane verimi ile bitkide tane sayısı (0.927**), bitkide bakla sayısı (0.916**), hasat indeksi (0.728**) arasında önemli ve olumlu ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Yapılan path analizinde; tane verimi üzerinebaklada tane sayısı (p= 0.822, % 43.6), ilk bakla yüksekliği (p= 0.466, % 30.7) ve bitkide bakla sayısının (p= 0.503, % 26.3) doğrudan ve yüksek derecede olumlu, bitki boyu (p= -0.407, % 30.9) ise yüksek ancak olumsuz bir etki yaptığı saptanmıştır. Nohutta yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında, yüksek verim potansiyelini elde etmek için bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı ve bitkide ilk bakla yüksekliği seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır
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    Breeding of dry bean cultivars using phaseolus vulgaris landraces in Turkey
    (2018) Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Kantar, Faik; Çancı, Hüseyin; Özer, Göksel; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Yield and yield components is one of the key objectives of the legume breeding program worldwide. Information on these traits is required for the selection of desirable types and efficient utilization of the genetic diversity in dry bean improvement program. Local landraces of dry beans grown over long time period are more resistant to low input growing conditions its genetic and morphologic properties and quality is more acceptable by the growers. From this perspective, 83 dry bean landraces were collected from different bean growing areas of Western Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2015-2016. The dry bean landraces were grown on the experimental farm of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu during 2016 growing season. A single plant from each dry bean landrace was selected according to morphological characterization results and weighted scaling method, and twenty (8 climber and 12 bush types) dry bean lines were accepted as promising. In the present study, yield and yield components of 12 dry bean lines and 2 commercial cultivars were compared in Bolu province under western black sea ecological condition of Turkey. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replicates in 2017 growing season on the experimental farm of Abant Izzet Baysal University. Emergence percentage (69.50-96.00%), days to flowering 50% (48.00-52.00 days), days to maturity (86.00-107.33 days), plant height (37.20-58.30 cm), height to first pod (12.50-19.00 cm), number of branches per plant (6.25-8.25), number of pods per plant (16.96- 41.50 pods), seeds per pod (4.00-6.40 seeds), seed yield per plant (25.41-96.83 g plant-1) and 100 seeds weight (29.82-55.35 g) were determined according to IPGRI and EU-CPVO criteria. As a result, lines ÇNK-2, ÇNK-4, YLV-28, YLV-32 and BLCK-7 had superior with respect to yield and yield components and hence selected advanced promising lines will be transferred to regional yield trials required for the official procedures of cultivar registration.
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    Characterization of genetic diversity in Turkish common bean gene pool using phenotypic and whole-genome DArTseq-generated silicoDArT marker information
    (Public Library Science, 2018) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad; Karaköy, Tolga
    Turkey presents a great diversity of common bean landraces in farmers' fields. We collected 183 common bean accessions from 19 different Turkish geographic regions and 5 scarlet runner bean accessions to investigate their genetic diversity and population structure using phenotypic information (growth habit, and seed weight, flower color, bracteole shape and size, pod shape and leaf shape and color), geographic provenance and 12,557 silicoDArT markers. A total of 24.14% markers were found novel. For the entire population (188 accessions), the expected heterozygosity was 0.078 and overall gene diversity, Fst and Fis were 0.14, 0.55 and 1, respectively. Using marker information, model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 188 accessions into two main populations A (predominant) and B, and 5 unclassified genotypes, representing 3 meaningful heterotic groups for breeding purposes. Phenotypic information clearly distinguished these populations; population A and B, respectively, were bigger (>40g/100 seeds) and smaller (<40g/100 seeds) seed-sized. The unclassified population was pure and only contained climbing genotypes with 100 seed weight 2-3 times greater than populations A and B. Clustering was mainly based on A: seed weight, B: growth habit, C: geographical provinces and D: flower color. Mean kinship was generally low, but population B was more diverse than population A. Overall, a useful level of gene and genotypic diversity was observed in this work and can be used by the scientific community in breeding efforts to develop superior common bean strains.
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    Correlation between pomegranate genotypes and phenolic compounds
    (2019) Berk, Selma Kuru; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    In this study, the individual phenolic compounds and relationship with each other of 21 genotypes of Siirt (Şirvan) region were determined. Protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic acid, and phloridzin content were recorded. Catechin was identified to be dominant phenolic. Statistically, 56 ŞİR 10 genotype had come to the fore with five phenolic compounds. The lowest content of three phenolic compounds was measured in 56 ŞİR 20 genotype. Syringic was recorded to be the lowest level phenolic compound. It was observed that there were positive correlation rutin, caffeic, vanillic and ferulic acid. However, the negative correlation was determined between syringic and caffeic acid. Pomegranate genotypes of Şirvan have been found to be rich in phenolic compounds which have significant health effects.
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    Correlation between Pomegranate Genotypes and Phenolic Compounds Correlation between Pomegranate Genotypes and Phenolic Compounds
    (2019) Berk, Selma Kuru; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    In this study, the individual phenolic compounds and relationship with each other of 21genotypes of Siirt (Şirvan) region were determined. Protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid,rutin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic acid, andphloridzin content were recorded. Catechin was identified to be dominant phenolic. Statistically, 56ŞİR 10 genotype had come to the fore with five phenolic compounds. The lowest content of threephenolic compounds was measured in 56 ŞİR 20 genotype. Syringic was recorded to be the lowestlevel phenolic compound. It was observed that there were positive correlation rutin, caffeic, vanillicand ferulic acid. However, the negative correlation was determined between syringic and caffeic acid.Pomegranate genotypes of Şirvan have been found to be rich in phenolic compounds which havesignificant health effects.
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    DNA based iPBS-retrotransposon markers for investigating the population structure of pea (Pisum Sativum) germplasm from Turkey
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Saenz de Miera, Luis E.; Hatipoğlu, Rüştü; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Retrotransposons have been highly studied in monocots; however retrotransposon diversity in dicot crops has not been well documented. Our objective was to assess the diversity harbored by field pea landraces using retrotranposon markers. In this research, molecular characterization of 104 landraces and 34 field pea breeding lines was assessed using newly developed iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The 12 iPBS-retrotransposon primers generated a total 106 scorable bands, and 81 of these were found to be polymorphic (76.4%), with an average of 6.75 polymorphic fragments per primer. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.33 to 0.84 with an average of 0.61. It was evident that field pea landraces from the same geographical region were often placed in different groups in the neighbor joining analysis, indicating that grouping based on genetic parameters was not closely related to the geographical origin. The population structure was determined by using STRUCTURE software, and three populations at K = 3 and five populations at K = 5 were identified among landraces. The plentiful diversity present in Turkish field pea landraces could be used as genetic resource in designing breeding program, and may also contribute to worldwide pea breeding programs. Our data also suggested a role of iPBS-retrotransposons as 'a universal marker' for molecular characterization of pea germplasm. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Doğu Anadolu'nun Güneyinde Yetiştirilen Taze Fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Gen Kaynaklarının Toplanması ve Fenolojik
    (2016) Çirka, Mustafa; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Bu çalışma 2009-2011 yılları arasında, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin güneyinde (Bitlis, Bingöl, Muş, Malatya, Tunceli, Elazığ, Hakkâri, Van) taze tüketim için yetiştiriciliği yapılan fasulye popülasyonlarından toplanan 378 genotipin fenolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesi ve taze tüketime yönelik kullanılabilecek ümitvar hatların seçilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 4F-89 ve Helinda Gold sırık, Yalova-5 ve Yalova-17 bodur fasulye çeşitleri kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Toplanan 378 hattın tartılı derecelendirilmesi ve fenolojik gözlemler sonucunda; 2010 yılında, 62 sırık ve 26 bodur; 2011 yılında ise, 88 hattın arasından 30 sırık ve 8 bodur taze fasulye ümitvar hat olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda standart çeşitler ile toplanan ve değerlendirilen hatlar arasında farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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    Doğu Anadolu’nun güneyinde yetiştirilen taze fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) gen kaynaklarının toplanması ve fenolojik bakımdan değerlendirilmesi
    (2016) Çirka, Mustafa; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Bu çalışma 2009-2011 yılları arasında, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin güneyinde (Bitlis, Bingöl, Muş, Malatya, Tunceli, Elazığ, Hakkâri, Van) taze tüketim için yetiştiriciliği yapılan fasulye popülasyonlarından toplanan 378 genotipin fenolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesi ve taze tüketime yönelik kullanılabilecek ümitvar hatların seçilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 4F-89 ve Helinda Gold sırık, Yalova-5 ve Yalova-17 bodur fasulye çeşitleri kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Toplanan 378 hattın tartılı derecelendirilmesi ve fenolojik gözlemler sonucunda; 2010 yılında, 62 sırık ve 26 bodur; 2011 yılında ise, 88 hattın arasından 30 sırık ve 8 bodur taze fasulye ümitvar hat olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda standart çeşitler ile toplanan ve değerlendirilen hatlar arasında farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
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    Doğu Anadolu’nun güneyinden toplanan fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) gen kaynaklarının çiçek ve tohum özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
    (2018) Çirka, Mustafa; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin güneyinde (Malatya, Muş, Tunceli, Van, Elâzığ, Hakkâri, Bitlis ve Bingöl) taze tüketime uygun fasulye gen kaynaklarının toplanması, çiçek ve tohum özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve ümitvar hatların seçilmesi amacıyla çalışma, 2009 ile 2011 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada standart çeşitlerden Helinda Gold ve 4F-89 (sırık taze çeşit), Yalova-5 ve Yalova-17 (bodur taze çeşit) kontrol çeşitler olarak kullanılmıştır. 2009 yılında toplanan 414 fasulye genotipinden 2010 yılında 378 genotip çimlendirilmiş, tartılı derecelendirme sonucu 420 ve üzeri puan alan 25 fasulye genotipi ümitvar olarak belirlenmiştir. Denemenin 25 genotip üzerinde yürütülen ikinci yılında (2011), 420 ve üzeri puan alan 13 ümitvar hat (11 sırık ve 2 bodur) çalışmada tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla standart çeşitler ile ümitvar hatlar arasında farklılıkların olduğu saptanmıştır.
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    Effect of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera Filipjevi on wheat yields in Turkey
    (2020) İmren, Mustafa; Yıldız, Şenol; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Dababat, Abdelfattah
    The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter is an important yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen of wheat- and barley-growing areas, particularly in the semiarid regions throughout the world. In Turkey, cyst nematodes have been detected in several localities of wheat- and barley-growing areas. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of initial population densities (Pi) of Heterodera filipjevi on yield of susceptible (Seri-82) and resistant (Silverstar) wheat cultivars and to investigate nematode reproduction on wheat under rainfed conditions in Bolu Province in Turkey. The results indicated that cultivar Seri-82 showed higher sensitivity reaction to H. filipjevi than cultivar Silverstar. Yield reduction was negatively correlated with H. filipjevi initial population (Pi) for both wheat cultivars. Yield losses reached up to 40.5% and 8.54% for Seri-82 and Silverstar, respectively, at nematode density (Pi) (eggs + J2)/g soil of 44 and 38. There was a positive relationship between nematode Pi and final population (Pf), while the nematode reproduction factor (RF) was negatively correlated with nematode Pi of H. filipjevi on both wheat cultivars. Moreover, there was no relationship between the date of release of cultivars and their responses to the nematodes. Identification of resistance sources against H. filipjevi and the introduction of those into the selected germplasms by breeding programs is important for future studies.
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    Effect of different organic fertilizers and Rhizobium strains applications on some agronomical traits in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
    (Centenary University, 2016) Tunçtürk, Rüveyde; Kulaz, Haluk; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    This study was carried out to determine the effects of various fertilizer sources, and bacteria inoculation on the yield and yield components of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) under irrigated conditions in 2011 and 2012 spring periods. Field trials were conducted at randomized complete block split plot design with three replications on the experimental area of Yuzuncu Yıl University, Agricultural Faculty. As factorial, four different fertilizer sources [control, humic acid, aluminium silicat and organic (B5A) manure], three bacteria inoculants (#1, #22 and #760). Trait such as plant height, the number of branch, first bean height, bean length, the number of bean per plant, the number seed per bean, 1000-seed weight, hectoliter weight, seed yield, seed yield per plant, seed protein and seed fatty oil content of fenugreek seed were investigated. In the result of the study, the highest seed yield (743 kg ha-1) was obtained from the bacteria 760# inoculant in 2011; while the highest seed yield (1041 kg ha-1) was obtained from the bacteria #1 inoculant in 2012. However, significant differences were not determined between bacteria inoculants for seed yield in 2012. For fertilizer sources, the highest seed yields (864 kg ha-1 and 1124 kg ha-1) were obtained from the aluminium silikat fertilization in 2011 and 2012, respectively. © 2016, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
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    Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotiplerinin Dane Verimi ve Bazı Önemli Kalite Özellikleri için Trakya Bölgesinde Bulunan Farklı Çevrelerde Testlenmesi
    (2023) Gökdere, Halil Ibrahim; Yilmaz, Ali Baran; Tekin, Mehmet; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Bu çalışma, toplamda 27 çeşit ve çeşit adaylarının dane verimi ve bazı önemli kalite özellikleri bakımından genotip x çevre etkileşimi temel bileşen, GGE biplot ve AMMI analizleri değerlendirmek amacıyla Trakya bölgesini temsil eden dört farklı çevrede 2020-2021 sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü yürütülmüş olup ve tarımsal ve kalite özelliklerinden başaklanma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, dane verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, dane sertliği, protein oranı, Zeleny sedimantasyon, Alveograf enerji değeri, yaş gluten oranı ve gluten indeksi çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, dane veriminde en yüksek varyasyon Tekirdağ çevresinde belirlenmiş olup en yüksek verim ise Edirne çevresinde belirlenmiştir. GGE biplot analizine göre iki farklı mega çevre oluşmuş ve iki temel bileşen toplamda %89.97 genotip x çevre ilişkisini açıklamıştır. AMMI temelli varyans analizi sonucunda ise genotip, çevre, tekerrrür ve genotip x çevre interaksiyonu bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli etkiler tespit edilmiştir. En stabil genotipler ise Ez11 ve Rumeli olarak belirlenirken LG Arnova çeşidi dört çevrede de öne çıkan dört genotipten biri olmuştur. Korelasyon analizine sonucunda kalite özellikleri arasında istatistiki olarak önemli (p<0.05) pozitif ilişkiler tespit edilirken dane verimi ile diğer tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmemiştir. İlk dört temel bileşen 1’in üzerinde eigen değerine sahip olarak bulunmuş ve varyasyonun %74’ünden fazlasını açıklamıştır. LG Arnova, Artek, Axum, Alpan ve Vassa çeşit/çeşit adayları özellikle dane verimi bakımından ilgili çevrelerde öne çıkan çeşitler olmuşlardır. Bu konuda daha detaylı sonuçlar elde etmek için genotiplerin ilgili çevrelerde daha uzun süreyle denenmesi gerekmektedir.
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    EXPLORING I, bc-12 AND bc-3 GENE LOCUS IN PROMISING COMMON BEAN LINES
    (2023) Emiralioğlu, Orkun; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Çelik, Ali; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), known as the \"poor man's meat\", is an internationally important legume crop that appeals to farmers as well as consumers. Many biotic stressors such as bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) cause significant yield and quality losses in common bean. The most efficient and cost-effective way to lessen of these factors is to develop resistant cultivars. Local genotypes have been cultivated in many areas for years and have varied distinguishing characteristics as a result of spontaneous mutations. Identifying bean germplasm harboring gene sources is critical for developing resistant cultivars against BCMV and BCMNV. For this purpose, a total of 43 promising common bean lines selected from local genotypes cultivated across various regions of Türkiye were subjected to screening using diverse molecular markers (ROC11, SBD-5 and SW-13) to investigate gene sources associated with BCMV and BCMNV. The findings revealed that 21 lines had both I and bc-12 gene locus. In addition, the bc-12+bc-3 gene loci were discovered to be present in the 8 common bean lines. The combination of I+bc-3 resistance genes, which guarantees immune reaction to BCMV and BCMNV, was found in only one line; YLV-32. These gene sources can be evaluated in marker-assisted breeding to develop modern cultivars resistant to BCMV and BCMNV by breeders.
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    Farklı Rhizobium Suşları ve Organik Gübre Uygulamalarının Çemen (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)' de Bazı Tarımsal Karakterler Üzerine Etkisi
    (2016) Tunçtürk, Rüveyde; Kulaz, Haluk; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Bu çalışma, mikrobiyal aşı uygulamasında kullanılan seçilmiş Rhizobium meliloti suşlarının ve değişik organik materyallerin çemen (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)'in tane verimi ve verim öğeleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla, 2011 ile 2012 yıllarında Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü'ne ait deneme alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 3 farklı Rhizobium meliloti inokulantı (1 No, 22 No ve 760 No) ve değişik organik materyallerin [kontrol, humik asit, alsil (alüminyum silikat) ve organik gübre (B5A-sıvı)] çemenin tane verimi ve verim öğeleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Deneme, Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Deseni'ne göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, dal sayısı, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bakla uzunluğu, bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, bitkide tane verimi, tohum verimi, protein oranı ve yağ oranı gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 2011 yılında en yüksek tohum verimi (74.3 kg/da) 760 No'lu bakteri suşu uygulamasından, 2012 yılında ise 1 No'lu bakteri suşundan (104.1 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci yılında suşlar arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Denemede, farklı gübre uygulamaları bakımından ise ilk deneme yılında en yüksek tane verimi 86.4 kg/da, ikinci deneme yılında ise 112.4 kg/da olarak aluminyum silikat uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir.
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    Genetic relationships and diversity analysis in Turkish laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) germplasm using ISSR and SCoT markers
    (Springer, 2021) Yılmaz, Abdurrahim; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) has been used in the Mediterranean basin since ancient ages. Nowadays, Turkey, Mexico, Portugal, Italy, Spain, France, Algeria, and Morocco use aromatic leaves for commercial purposes, and Turkey is the largest exporter in the world. In this study, molecular characterization, and genetic relationships of 94 Turkish laurel genotypes were determined by ISSR and SCoT markers. The experiment was conducted with 16 ISSR and 10 SCoT markers. While 348 of 373 bands were polymorphic with a 93.3% polymorphism rate, Nei's genetic distances ranged between 0.17 and 0.70 with 0.39 mean in ISSR. In SCoT, 175 of 227 bands were polymorphic with 77.1% polymorphism rate, and Nei's genetic distances varied between 0.12 and 0.51. Sufficient genetic diversity determined with diversity parameters consisting of the average Shannon's information index (ISSR: 0.46, SCoT:0.35), the overall gene diversity (ISSR:0.19, SCoT:0.18), and the effective number of alleles (ISSR:1.52, SCoT:1.38). AMOVA (Analysis of molecular variance) revealed most of the variation was within genotypes (96%). Neighbor-joining algorithms, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and model-based structure resulted in harmony and clustered according to the geographical regions and provinces they collected. Genotypes were divided into two groups in ISSR and SCoT with UPGMA clustering resulting in a similar polymorphism distribution. The correlation coefficient (r) determined by marker systems' Nei's genetic distances was 0.25. The results of the study put forward resources for advanced breeding techniques, contribute to the preservation of genetic diversity, and management of genetic resources for the breeders.
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    Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of DGK (Diacylglycerol Kinase) genes in common bean
    (Springer, 2023) Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Özer, Göksel; Çiftçi, Vahdettin
    Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that play an important functional role in various stress responses in plants by converting diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. In this study, genome-wide identification of DGK genes, expression analysis under non-stress in various developmental stages and under salt stress in different tissues of common bean were performed for the first time. The 6 DGK gene family members (PvDGK1, 2, 3, 5a, 5b, and 6) having conserved catalytic domains were identified by an exploration of common bean genome via multiple online databases. The protein lengths and molecular weights of PvDGKs were found between 423 and 727 amino acids (aa) and ranging from 47.31 to 81.09 kDa, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PvDGK genes grouped into three clusters as described for known plant DGK families; cluster I (PvDGK1, 2), cluster II (PvDGK3) and cluster III (PvDGK5a, 5b, 6) genes, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that all PvDGK genes indicated divergent expression patterns in all tissues at different developmental stages under non-stress condition. Furthermore, PvDGK genes were also significantly upregulated in response to salt stress in root and leaf tissues of common bean cultivars at different time points. These results indicated the possible roles of PvDGK genes in developmental stages and salt stress in common bean. The findings herein will guide further investigations on the comprehension and functional characterization of the PvDGKs and the breeding studies to be carried out related to stress in the common bean near future.