Levels, dietary exposure, and health risk estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bread baked with different oven and fuel types
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
The formation and occurrence of EPA priority 16 PAHs in the sourdough bread samples baked in the different ovens and fuel types used in Turkey were discussed. The bread dough prepared in laboratory conditions was baked in 6 commercial bakeries (two of them use firewood and 4 of them use natural gas as fuel), 5 traditional countryside bakeries (firewood as fuel), and 2 household type (electricity) ovens in Bolu Province, Turkey. The most dominantly (<95%) observed PAH compounds were low molecular weight PAHs (2 to 4 ring PAHs). The total content of 16 PAHs in the bread samples were 2.68 +/- 3.33, 2.71 +/- 3.23, 4.40 +/- 1.52, and 3.58 +/- 1.74 mu g/kg dw, respectively, for the household, countryside, commercial (firewood) and commercial (natural gas) ovens. Sum of carcinogenic PAHs varied between 0.084 +/- 0.107 (household ovens) and 0.205 +/- 0.240 mu g/kg dw (countryside ovens). The ovens using firewood as the heating fuel, countryside and commercial ovens, showed about 2 to 10 times higher marker PAHs (PAH4) levels than the ovens using natural gas (commercial) and electricity (household). The bread samples baked with commercial firewood and household ovens had 1.5 and 2 times higher total TEQ of BaP (0.116 and 0.121 mu g/kg dw, respectively) values than that of countryside firewood and commercial natural gas ovens. Estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) results suggested that the consumption of bread baked in four types of ovens may pose no health risk for children and adult consumers.
Açıklama
Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University
Anahtar Kelimeler
Triticum Aestivum L, Fuel Type, Pahs, Edible Vegetable-Oils, Shandong, Samples
Kaynak
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
WoS Q Değeri
Q3
Scopus Q Değeri
Q3
Cilt
43
Sayı
1
Künye
Karşı, M. B. B., Berberler, E., Kurhan, Ş., Bilaloğlu, K., Çakır, İ., & Karakaş, D. (2023). Levels, dietary exposure, and health risk estimation of polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons in bread baked with different oven and fuel types. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 43(1), 811-825.
