Üretken bir mimar ve Ankara’da modern bir bina: Bruno Taut ve Atatürk Lisesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde (1923-1950) bilimsel bir yaklaşım ile üretilen yeni müfredatlara uygun eğitim yapıları, çağdaş mimari kimlikleri ve kent içindeki konumları ile devleti temsil eden yapılar arasındadır. Başkent Ankara’da bu dönemde inşa edilen çok sayıdaki okul binası, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Mimarlık Bürosu’nda Almanca konuşulan ülkelerden gelen mimarlar eliyle üretilmiştir. Bunlar arasında Alman mimar Bruno Taut, okul tasarımları ile bu dönem mimarlığının başlıca aktörlerinden birisi olmuş, tasarımlarında, modern mimarlığın biçimci yanını dışlayarak, üslup tartışmalarından çok yapının bulunduğu iklim, malzeme vb. koşullara uygunluk konusuna önem vermiş, işlevsel bir yapı üretme yoluna gitmiştir. Anıtsal tasarımı olan Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi binasında Osmanlı mimarlığına yaptığı kimi göndermelerin dışında ortaokul ve lise binalarında, çevre ile uyumlu farklı yüksekliklerde parçalı kütle anlayışı ile daha sade ve mütevazı ancak oldukça etkileyici çözümler üretmiştir. Atatürk Lisesi binası, eğitimin gerektirdiği işlevselci ve akılcı çözümlerinin yanında, bulunduğu kültüre özgü detayları ile Taut’un “modern mimarlık” konusundaki düşüncelerinin bir gösteri alanına dönüşür. Çalışmada Atatürk Lisesi binasının Bruno Taut mimarlığını olduğu kadar, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi mimarlık ortamının eğilimlerini ortaya koyan mimari kimliğinin tanıtılması ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapının işlevi, kent ile kurduğu ilişki, mimari kimliği ve nitelikleri, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi mimarlığı içindeki yeri, bu çalışmanın başlıca tartışmasıdır.
Educational buildings suitable to the new curriculums, which were developed by a sicientific manner in the Early Republican Period (1923-50), are among the structures that symbolize the state, thanks to both their contemporary architectural identities, and their locations in the city. A large number of school buildings constructed in Başkent, Ankara during this period were produced in care of architects from German-speakingcountries in the Architects Office of the Ministry of National Education. Amongthem, German architect Bruno Taut was one of the main actors of architecture of this period with his school designs, he disregarded the formalist side of modern architecture and paid attention to the conformity to the conditions such as climate which the building is located in, material etc. rather than the style arguments, and he resorted to produce a functional structure. Apart from some references tothe Ottoman architecture in the Faculty of Language, History and Geography, he produced more plain and modest but highly impressive solutions with environmentfriendly lumped mass approach at differentheights, in his secondary school and highschool buildings. The Atatürk High-School buildingbecomes a show arena of Taut’sideas on “modern architecture” with its native cultural details, alongside the functionalist and trational solutions required by the education. In this study, it is aimed to introduce and evaluate the architectural style of BrunoTautforthe Atatürk High-School Building as well as the architectural identity of the Early Republican Period. The function of the building, its relationship with the city, architectural identity and attributes and place in the architecture of the Early Republican Period is the main discussion in thisstudy.
Educational buildings suitable to the new curriculums, which were developed by a sicientific manner in the Early Republican Period (1923-50), are among the structures that symbolize the state, thanks to both their contemporary architectural identities, and their locations in the city. A large number of school buildings constructed in Başkent, Ankara during this period were produced in care of architects from German-speakingcountries in the Architects Office of the Ministry of National Education. Amongthem, German architect Bruno Taut was one of the main actors of architecture of this period with his school designs, he disregarded the formalist side of modern architecture and paid attention to the conformity to the conditions such as climate which the building is located in, material etc. rather than the style arguments, and he resorted to produce a functional structure. Apart from some references tothe Ottoman architecture in the Faculty of Language, History and Geography, he produced more plain and modest but highly impressive solutions with environmentfriendly lumped mass approach at differentheights, in his secondary school and highschool buildings. The Atatürk High-School buildingbecomes a show arena of Taut’sideas on “modern architecture” with its native cultural details, alongside the functionalist and trational solutions required by the education. In this study, it is aimed to introduce and evaluate the architectural style of BrunoTautforthe Atatürk High-School Building as well as the architectural identity of the Early Republican Period. The function of the building, its relationship with the city, architectural identity and attributes and place in the architecture of the Early Republican Period is the main discussion in thisstudy.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ankara, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Mimarlık, Eğitim Yapıları, Yabancı Mimarlar, Ankara, Early Republican Period, Architecture, Education Buildings, Foreign Aarchitects
Kaynak
Sanat Tarihi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
27
Sayı
1
