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The effect of ethics and moral education on the levels of schadenfreude experienced by students
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2023) Cerit, Yusuf
Schadenfreude has attracted attention in recent studies. Although the antecedents and consequences of schadenfreude have been investigated, how it can be prevented has not been explored. This article examines the effect of ethics and moral education on the levels of schadenfreude experienced by students. The nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group model, a quasi-experimental design, was used in this study. Both the experimental and control groups consisted of 55 students. Data were collected using two hypothetical scenarios (one academic vs. one social context). The results of this study revealed that ethics and moral education had a significant negative effect on schadenfreude. This study suggests that people's ethics and moral education is an important predictor of schadenfreude.
Acrylamide reduces plasma antioxidant vitamin levels in rats due to increased oxidative damage
(Pontificia Universidade Catolica Campinas, 2020) Yener, Yeşim; Yerlikaya, Fatma Hümeyra
Objective Acrylamide is a potentially neurotoxic and carcinogenic chemical and naturally creates during the heating process of carbohydrate-rich foods, such as potato chips and breakfast cereals. Acrylamide might be ingested by people via consuming food that contains it. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acrylamide given orally to male and female rats on plasma retinoic acid and alpha-tocopherol and serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels. Method A total of 50 Wistar rats were used (25 female and 25 male, three-four weeks old). The rats of each sex were given 2 and 5mg/kg/day acrylamide via drinking water for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood specimens were collected through cardiac puncture, and serum and plasma samples were analysed using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique with a Ultraviolet detector. Results The analysis of the plasma and serum samples revealed that serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels in both sexes given 5mg/kg/day acrylamide were significantly increased, and the serum sialic acid levels were higher in female rats given 2mg/kg/day acrylamide. The plasma retinoic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels significantly decreased in both sexes given only the highest dose. Conclusion The results show that acrylamide causes an increase in oxidative stress and leads to a decrease in the levels of retinoic acid and alpha-tocopherol which play a role in the defense mechanism against this stress.
Child-parent interactions in American and Turkish families: Examining measurement invariance analysis of child-parent relationship scale
(Public Library Science, 2020) Lucia Escalante-Barrios, Elsa; Marie Suarez-Enciso, Sonia; Raikes, Helen; Davis, Dawn; Garcia, Aileen; Gönen, Mübeccel; Veziroğlu-Çelik, Mefharet; Hazar, Ramle Gül
The parent-child relationship is a cornerstone of early childhood development and one-way early childhood programs can have a positive influence on early development is to adopt programmatic features to enhance this relationship. Research supports these conclusions in both U.S. and cross-cultural contexts, even though assumptions about parenting and the parent-child relationship may differ across cultures. However, for true understanding of cultural differences, it is important to have comparable measures across cultures. The purpose of the study is to assess measurement invariance of the two constructs of the Child-parent Relationship Scale using data gathered in programs serving low-income preschool children in the U.S.(n = 4,450) and Turkey (n = 592) from 2014 to 2015. Using Single-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the original factor structures of the Turkish and the English versions were tested. Besides, Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided evidence for configural, metric, scalar invariance, strict factorial invariance or error variance invariance and construct level invariance across the two versions. Only configural invariance was established, which showed an agreement for the existence of an underlying theoretical construct for each subscale (Conflict and Closeness) of the Turkish and the English versions. However, item CPRS 4 was a non-significant item for Conflict in the Turkish version that affected the possibility to conduct further analyses. Findings encourage researchers to propose and assess cultural and linguistic adaptations for the Child-parent Relationship Scale before cross-cultural comparisons related to family relationships.
Scanning electron microscopic (sem), histological and morphological study of the mongoose (herpestes ichneumon l., 1758) tongue in South Turkey
(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2020) Haligür, Ayşe; Özkadif, Sema; Alan, Aydın; Yener, Yeşim
This study aimed to investigate the scanning electron microscopic (SEM), histological and morphological characteristics of the tongue and papillae in Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon L, 1758). The tongues of two (one female, one male) dead mongoose tongue was used as material. The tongues of the mongooses were removed via the dissection method and morphometric measurements were taken. The tongues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses were performed. According to the results, there were four types of papillae; filiform, fungiform, vallate-and foliate. The filiform papillae differed in terms of type and location on the tongue. It was seen that the filiform papillae had an arrow shape in the lateral cuts. The filiform type was observed on the tip of the tongue, both filiform and bound types on the middle of the tongue and both conic and hook types on the root. The foliate papillae were located laterally in the tongues and did not have ducts. There were four vallate papillae in the tongue of the male mongoose and three vallate papillae in that of the female mongoose. This study presents the first SEM, histological and morphological analyses of the tongue and its papillae in the Egyptian mongoose found in Turkey.
Metaphoric perceptions of pre-service english teachers on intercultural education
(Iated-Int Assoc Technology Education & Development, 2019) Yıldız, Sevilay; İnci, Sibel; Yıldız, Kaya
Globalization and the increasing cultural diversity of countries have led to a necessity to bring certain arrangements in every aspect of education. Interculturalism has become an issue in terms of educational, economic, political, cultural, and technological developments in the world. In Europe, the Council of Europe had a leading role in development and promotion of intercultural education since 1997, based on cultural and linguistic diversity in education emerging from increased mobility, plurality and complexity. Because of the rise of communicative language teaching in the 1980s and globalization, teaching of target cultures has become a part of foreign language courses and many techniques and materials have been developed. Foreign language education may play an important role in promoting cultural diversity and tolerance towards this diversity. Teachers should be able to teach culture besides language structures. Avoiding prejudice, helping students to have a more open and positive viewpoint to other cultures are also roles of the foreign language teachers. Therefore, teachers are expected to be aware of power imbalances, stereotyping and discrimination. However, teachers may not appreciate this function of foreign language courses. This study aims to find out and explain the perceptions of pre-service teachers on intercultural education to reveal their concepts of intercultural education. In this study qualitative method is used and the data gathered with metaphors from pre-service English Teaching students in two universities. The data is analysed by using content analysis. In the analysis of the data obtained, metaphors are analysed in four stages (coding and sorting, sample metaphor compilation, category development, ensuring validity and reliability). According to the analysis of the derived data 87 pre-service teachers produced 78 metaphors regarding the concept of "Intercultural Education" and classified into 7 categories as Intercultural Education as Interaction, Intercultural Education as Awareness/Difference, Intercultural Education as Development and Change, Intercultural Education as Contribution/Benefit, Intercultural Education as Bridge/Link, Intercultural Education as Complementary, Intercultural Education as a Source of Wealth.
How to increase teachers' quality and participation in lifelong learning?
(Future Acad, 2019) Arsal, Zeki
Lifelong learning has become a main educational policy of European Union. Lifelong learning also is now seen one of the teacher competence that need to be developed in the initial and in-service teacher education. This study examines the views of teacher educators about improving teachers' quality and participation in lifelong learning regarding Europe 2020 strategy. This study is a qualitative research, and the data of the study was collected through face to face interviews with four teacher educators working at the Faculty of Education in Turkey. The interview questions comprised of Europe 2020 policy on lifelong learning strategy defined by European Commission. The data of the study was analyzed by thematic analysis technique. The results of the study showed that teacher educators have ideas that career guidance, flexible study opportunities, improving quality and transparency, and financial support are key elements for improving teachers' quality and participation in lifelong learning. Also, the teacher educators reported that teacher education programs should include lifelong learning competences defined by European Commission. Policy makers and teacher educators should consider these elements of lifelong learning in order to improve the quality of teachers and education in Europe. (C) 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK
Effects of long term oral acrylamide administration on alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase activities in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Yener, Yeşim; Çelik, İlhami; Sur, Emrah; Öznurlu, Yasemin; Özaydın, Tuğba
Acrylamide is an important industrial chemical; it also is formed in starch-rich foodstuffs during baking, frying and roasting. Most acrylamide exposure occurs by ingestion of processed foods. We investigated possible immunotoxic effects of extended administration of low doses of acrylamide in rats. To do this, we measured alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Male and female weanling Wistar rats were administered 2 or 5 mg acrylamide/kg/day in drinking water for 90days. Peripheral blood was sampled at the end of the administration period. We found ANAE staining in eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, but not in monocytes, platelets, B-lymphocytes and neutrophils. ACP-ase was found in B-lymphocytes. We found a significant reduction of the ratio of ANAE:ACP-ase in lymphocytes of the experimental animals compared to controls. We found no statistically significant differences between the doses or sexes. We found that acrylamide ingested in processed foods might affect the immune system adversely by decreasing the population of mature T- and B-lymphocytes.
The cognitive structure of pre-service science teachers about energy metabolism
(Sci Methodical Ctr-Sci Educologica, 2018) Yener, Yeşim; Bahar, Mehmet; Demir, Naciye Somuncu; Yılmaz, Mustafa; Yener, Dündar
In this research word association test was used to explore the cognitive structure of Pre-service science teachers about biological energy metabolism. The participant group constitutes 67 Pre-service students at a university in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Ten key concepts in General Biology course were given as a stimulating word and a mind map was established by using the frequency values of valid response words. The results showed that the total number of different response words for the key word "enzyme" is the highest with "cell" and "energy" being higher than others and for the key word "photosynthesis" is the lowest. The mind map also showed that they based their cognitive perceptions of the biological energy mechanism mostly on scientific concepts that are emphasized in the lessons and are academically acknowledged and included in the concepts used in everyday life at the least. However, they were not able to see the key concept "enzymes" as a part of branched network and they had also problems regarding the respiratory event in the plants as well as realization process of photosynthesis in the cellular level. Implications of the results in terms of understanding the subject of biological energy metabolism are also discussed.
Western diet induces endogen oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage and inflammation in Wistar rats
(Pontificia Universidade Catolica Campinas, 2018) Yener, Yeşim; Yerlikaya, Fatma Hümeyra
Objective Nutritional diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorder, chronic inflammation or even cancer are observed in people who sustain their lifestyle by Western diet due to high calorie intake. The origin of these diseases are the degraded deoxyribonucleic acid structure. In this study, we investigated whether Western diet produced endogenous oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, apoptosis or inflammation. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, aged 10-12 weeks, were divided into four groups. The rats in control group received the standard diet and the remaining rats were given one of the following three diets for four weeks: a high-fat diet containing 35% fat, a high-sucrose diet containing 69% sucrose and Western diet comprising both two types of diets. After treatment the serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1, chitinase-3-like protein 1, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Fas ligand and cytochrome c levels were measured. Results It was observed no changes in the serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, Fas ligand and cytochrome c levels whereas a statistically significant increase in the serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 and chitinase-3-like protein 1 levels were found only in rats that were given Western diet. Conclusion The findings show that Western diet produced endogenous oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage, which then increased serum poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 levels, eventually leading to inflammation.
Attitudes towards astronomy among the pre-service teachers' different cognitive styles: alternative course sample
(Sci Methodical Ctr-Sci Educologica, 2017) Demir, Naciye Somuncu; Aksüt, Pelin; Yener, Dündar; Aydın, Fatih; Subaşı, Özge
The purpose of research is to examine the changes in attitudes towards astronomy following alternative astronomy education among pre-service teachers with different cognitive styles. Accordingly, it was thought to be appropriate to use pre- and post-test control group design among the experimental designs. The sample of the study included 4th year students at Abant Izzet Baysal University Department of Science Teaching during 2015-2016 spring term (N=64). In the treatment group, a process enriched with activity-based astronomy practices was followed, while the control group used a 12-week program designed as consistent with the program developed by Higher Education Council. The results seem to evidence that at undergraduate level there is an urgent need to intensify the efforts, education and practices that focus on increasing the levels of attitudes towards astronomy regardless of cognitive styles and on transferring these attitudes to skill areas and these kinds of studies need to be encouraged and extended.
The mediating effect of LMX in the relationship between school bureaucratic structure and teachers' proactive behavior
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2017) Cerit, Yusuf
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of leader-member exchange on school bureaucratic structure and teachers' proactive behavior. Design/methodology/approach - The study was carried out in elementary schools in Turkey. Classroom teachers proactive behavior was measured using the taking charge scale developed by Morrison and Phelps (1999), school bureaucratic structure was measured using enabling school structure scale developed by Hoy and Sweetland (2000), and LMX quality was measured using the seven-item LMX scale developed by Graen ve Uhl-bien (1995). Findings - It was found that school bureaucratic structure had both directly and indirectly effect on teachers proactive behavior via leader-member exchange. Research limitations/implications - This study contributes to complete proactive behavior literature by investigating how such behavior is related to the quality of LMX relationships and school bureaucratic structure. The investigation of these relationships is likely to advance understanding of the consequences of teachers' proactive behavior. Originality/value - This research combines prior research streams by jointly exploring bureaucratic school structure and the quality of LMX relationships as predictors of teachers' proactive behaviors.
Discourse patterns and communicative approaches for teaching nature of science
(Turkish Education Assoc, 2016) Kaya, Gökhan; Şardağ, Metin; Çakmakcı, Gültekin; Doğan, Nihal; İrez, Serhat
This study aims to determine discourse patterns and communicative approaches utilised for teaching the nature of science (NOS) using an explicit-reflective approach. This study was conducted as part of a research project aiming to support teachers' classroom practices through a long-term professional development program focusing on teaching NOS. Discourse analysis was used to determine classroom discourse patterns and communicative approaches. Audio and video recordings of classroom lectures conducted by 8 of the 22 teachers participating in the project were used for analysis. A total of 505 minutes of teacher-student dialogue was recorded and subsequently analysed. The results indicated that teachers used three different discourse patterns (triadic, chain, and adjacency pair) and three different communicative approaches (interactive-dialogic, interactive-authoritative, and non-interactive-dialogic) for teaching NOS using the explicit-reflective approach. The most common discourse pattern was the triadic pattern (initiation-response-evaluation), and the interactive-authoritative approach was the most common communicative approach. These findings contribute to the literature in terms of increasing the efficiency of using the explicit-reflective approach by considering classroom discourse to teach students NOS.
Multicultural education perspective in Turkey: possibilities and dilemmas
(Springer, 2016) Özsoy, Seçkin; Bilgi, Sabiha
The objective of this chapter is to critically analyze different multicultural education approaches in terms of their emancipating potentials. For this aim, the chapter directs its attention at the studies of multicultural education that proliferated especially in recent years in Turkey. The basic question that guides this study can be formulated as follows: Does the conceptualization of "multicultural education" in Turkey refer to an educational imagination that gives back to the cultural groups who were, because of their cultural differences, excluded from the educational field and subjected to inequalities and discrimination, the power to determine their own destinies and renders them the subjects of their own salvation? Or, does it function as the strategy of the state for governing cultural variety? The chapter, first, looks at the historical background that shapes and conditions the perspective of multicultural education in Turkey. Second, the chapter presents an outline of the multicultural education debates in Turkey and analyzes the political epistemology, on which the debates are based. The chapter highlights that in the academic discourse on multicultural education in Turkey, an abstract and vogue conceptualization of "culture" goes hand in hand with a formalist and ambiguous understanding of pluralism. In the academic discourse, a particular understanding of multiculturalism that is not pluralist, a "plural mono-culturalism" is dominant. The studies that focus on the power structures and relations that produce the cultural hierarchy are almost non-existent. The chapter argues that for Turkey the liberating potential of multicultural education can be revealed only if it is advocated within the context of radical democracy and political emancipation and autonomization.
The relationship between prospective teachers' readiness and satisfactions about internet-based distance education
(Iclel Conferences, 2016) Öztürk, Duygu Saniye; Öztürk, Faruk; Özen, Raşit
Distance education is a kind of education in which learner and teacher communicate through a means either simultaneously or at different times being present in different places. In this study, it is aimed to determine the prospective teachers' readiness and satisfaction levels after the procedure related with the courses which they take through distance education. Descriptive survey model is used in the study. The study was conducted with 261 undergraduate students who took some of the courses distantly in diverse undergraduate programs in the faculty of education at Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu-Turkey and 232 students of pedagogical formaion in the same faculty. The study group consisted of 493 prospective teachers. In the study, "e-Readiness Scale" and "e-Satisfaction Scale" by Gulba(2012) were used as data collection instruments. As a result, the levels of readiness and satisfaction from internet based distance education of prospective teachers was found to be above the mean score. Readiness levels according to the sub dimensions of the Readiness Scale are generally positive; however, prospective teachers think that they are equipped in the subjects including the sub dimensions of "technical skills" and "factors that affect success". It was determined that prospective teachers are generally satisfied with the subjects related to all the sub dimensions of the Satisfaction Scale. It was revealed that there is a meaningful relationship between readiness and satisfaction levels. The readiness and satisfaction levels of the prospective teachers having pedagogical formation education were higher when compared to those of the prospective teachers of education faculty. The department having the highest readiness and satisfaction levels was History-Geography department.
Developing virtual mathematics manipulatives: the SAMAP project
(Springer Int Publishing Ag, 2016) Karakırık, Erol
Online educational activities providing interactive environments where users can investigate the properties of abstract concepts and reflect on them are in great demand for all subjects in primary and secondary schools. However, the ubiquitous nature of these activities does not always guarantee students' conceptual development if enough consideration was not given to the design and implementation of the system and an appropriate role was not defined for the technology used. A computer system could play a wide range of roles changing from a 'tutor' acting as "a decision-making" subject to a 'tool' acting as an "auxiliary" object. One can also interpret this classification of roles as a system having total control of flow or a system allowing free explorations. A computer system is regarded as suitable to be used in education when it provides facilities that promote the student's conceptual development through engaging him/her in meaningful and authentic tasks. The new Turkish mathematics curriculum is based on constructivist educational approaches and advocates the wide usage of educational activities that help to make mathematical concepts and relations meaningful. The purpose of this chapter is to report the findings of a research project, SAMAP, funded by the Turkish National Science Foundation (TUBITAK), which aimed to develop virtual mathematics manipulatives in Turkish for the primary and secondary school curriculum.
If you change yourself, the world changes: the effect of exhibition on preservice science teachers' views about global climate change
(Eurasia, 2016) Aksüt, Pelin; Doğan, Nihal; Bahar, Mehmet
Although learning can occur in many environments e. g. science museum or zoo, some studies reported that teachers are prone to avoid outdoor activities since they lack of field trip training. For that reason; this study aims to explore the effect of the exhibition on preservice science teachers' views about global climate change (GCC) as well as teaching drawing technique. The visiting of American National History Museum's "Climate Change: The Threat to Life and A New Energy Future" exhibition allows to see how individual, communal, and governmental actions in using energy more efficiently, in combination with pursuing promising new energy alternatives, can make a meaningful impact in reducing GCC. Data analysis revealed that they have learned drawing technique which is an effective way to obtain students' perceptions. Additionally, the effect of exhibition on preservice teachers' awareness and knowledge of GCC showed clearly changing and teachers' self-confidence have been increased to use outdoor activities. Moreover, with this field trip experience let them to transfer their understanding about informal learning into classroom practice.
Development of elementary 6th and 7th grade students' views about scientific model and modeling throughout a summer science camp
(Turkish Education Assoc, 2015) Metin, Duygu; Leblebicioğlu, Gülşen
In this qualitative study, the influence of a ten-day science camp on elementary students' views about scientific model and modeling was investigated. Twenty-four 6th and 7th grade students participated to the study. The general aim of the science camp was to introduce Nature of Science (NOS). One of the special aims of the science camp was to introduce scientific model and modeling as an aspect of NOS. Students' views about scientific model and modeling were investigated by Views of the Nature of Science Version D (VNOS D) question "what is the scientific model?" and open-ended probe questions in the interviews before and after the science camp. Qualitative data were analyzed by using interpretive analysis. Codes and themes acquired by students' views before and after the science camp were compared and interpreted to determine the change in the students' views. According to the results of the study, it can be said that students didn't know what scientific model was before the camp. However, after the science camp, as a result of activities which aimed at introducing scientific model and modeling, they were able to conceptualize that scientific model is a kind of scientific knowledge and were able to define scientific model by stating that scientific model is based on data and thus they are the product of scientific research and experiments.
Parents education in England
(Int Organization Center Acad Research, 2015) Kılıç, Çiğdem; Civek, İlknur; Bulut, Melike
Education of the parents who given the first education to the child for the purpose that individuals having conscious and acceptable behaviours in the society can be raised is an important subject which is over emphasized nowadays. So much so that, during this period from the beginning of prenatal stage in which period mother-fathers' personality is founded and from puberty to the stage when a child become an adult, parentage skills and knowledge need to be developed about the subjects such as child care, nutrition, education and development, mother-father-child communication, school term, puberty and sexual education, etc. Having regard to different requirement and circumstances of mother-fathers (socio-economic degree, educational status, mother's working, etc.) education opportunities are offered to mother and fathers at home, at institution, both at home and institution by means of both mobil services and distance education methods in many countries. In this sense, mother and father education is an important element which is thought to contribute for the child at first and then for the society and country's welfare. In this study made by means of literature search parents education's connection with lifelong learning and adult training is examined; the types of parent education are mentioned and last which programmes are applied on behalf of the parent education in England and what kinds of studies are worked are examined. In England, a special importance is paid for the mother father education because of the society's future and continuation. In England, hundreds of family education programmes are available which are offered free by Department of Education, as part of Sure Start Programme, by means of especially Sure Start Child Centers, multifunctional society centers, schools and health agencies. As the result of the research, Sure Start and similiar programmes which aim to educate mothers and fathers in England in many directions have appeared to be considerably successful and accepted by the people. Mother father education studies' structure and running mentioned in this research is thought that it will provide the inspiration for the similiar activities in Turkey.
Analysis of the relationship between estimation skills based on calculation and number sense of prospective classroom teachers
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Şenol, Ali; Dündar, Sefa; Gündüz, Nazan
In regard to the concept of estimation, there have been various definitions in the literature. Some of them are as follows: "process of being able to provide an adequate answer to a problem (Reys, 1986)", "quickly having an idea about the quantity or size of something without actually counting or measuring it (Micklo, 1999)". NCTM (2000) considered understanding the numbers and operations, ensuring fluency in arithmetic operations and improving the number sense as the center of mathematics education. Number sense can be defined as a person's having a good level of knowledge on the relationships of numbers and operations and the ability to use this knowledge in the situations concerning daily life (McIntosh, Reys, & Reys, 1992; Yang, 2003). In this respect, the purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between estimation skills based on calculation, estimation strategies and number sense of prospective elementary teachers. The sample of the study is comprised of prospective teachers currently studying in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grade of classroom teaching in the Faculty of Education of a Turkish public university. The test determining the estimation skills developed by Tekinkir (2008) and test of number sense will be used as the data collection tool. The data obtained will determine the estimation skills and level of number sense of prospective elementary teachers. The study is considered to reveal what extent reasoning which is one of the fundamental skills aimed to be acquired in mathematics program in Turkey is developed among the prospective teachers and to contribute the literature. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Study of the relationship between leisure time activities and assertiveness levels of students of Abant Izzet Baysal University
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Eratay, Emine; Aydoğan, Yasemin
This study aims at identifying the relationship between the leisure time activities and(1) the assertiveness levels of students of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Education, Departments of Elementary Education and Special Education. The "General Information Form", "Leisure Time Activities Survey" and "Rathus Assertiveness Schedule" have been applied to 2006 students included into the study. Chi Square Test, Anova, correlation and variance analysis have been used in the analysis of data. It has been concluded in the study that the opinions regarding time spent by students on leisure time, money preferences and the benefits of the activities varied based on the respective units of the students; and a meaningful relationship has not been found between the assertiveness levels, the units of education and the situation related with making use of leisure time. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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