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  • Öğe
    Bacterial strains effect on the nursery plants growth of 'Granny Smith' apple grafted on M-9, MM-106, and MM-111 rootstocks
    (Elsevier, 2023) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Öztürk, Ahmet; Faizi, Zaki Ahmad
    Sapling treatment with plant growth promoting bacterial strains (PGPBs), is not spread on a wide scale for horticultural crops; basically, their application in fruit crops has not received much attention. For this reason, 'Granny Smith' apple was grafted on three clonal rootstocks using the chip budding method on 15 May 2013; at the end of the vegetative season, saplings with shoot lengths of 40 or less than 40 cm were selected as plant materials for the second year of research (2014) at the Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkiye to consider bacterial strains including Burkholderia gladia BA7, Bacillus subtilus OSU142 and Bacillus megatorium M3 in combination with different apple clonal rootstocks effectivity on the growth of saplings. Considering the results, the sapling weight at initially recorded between 8.6 and 36.0 g, the sapling weight at the end of the growing season 66.6-110.7 g, and the sapling weight increase rate between 181.7 and 789.1%. Root fresh and dry weight and root dry mater ratio obtained respectively 34.9-61.6 g, 15.3-34.1 g, and 44.8-57.8%. Sapling shoot length at the beginning was recorded between 15.1 and 35.6 cm, sapling shoot length at the end of the growing season ranged from 77.7 to 103.7 cm, sapling shoot length increase rate between 150.4 and 549.3%, and the number of lateral branches varied between 1.0 and 7.5 pcs. Briefly, bacterial strains application combined with the different apple rootstocks significantly affected all the evaluated characteristics of apple saplings. In light of the result findings, bacterial application in the nursery of apples as well as other fruit crops would be advised for better development and organically production of nursery plants.
  • Öğe
    Gladiolus aladagensis (Iridaceae), a new species from Turkey
    (Magnolia Press, 2021) Sağıroğlu, Mehmet; Eker, İsmail
    Gladiolus aladagensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Bolu province in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Gladiolus aladagensis is morphologically close to G. italicus and G. kotschyanus. In this study, the diagnostic morphological features, distribution, conservation status, habitat and ecological characteristics of the new species are discussed. Micromorphological characteristics of G. aladagensis, G. italicus and G. kotschyanus seeds are also examined and compared using LM and SEM analyses. In addition, a new diagnostic key is given for all species of Gladiolus in Turkey.
  • Öğe
    Muscari muglaensis (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southwestern Anatolia
    (Magnolia Press, 2020) Eker, İsmail; Duman, Hayri; Yıldırm, Hasan
    A new species, Muscari muglaensis Eker, H.Duman & Yildirim sp. nov. (Asparagaceae) from Turkey, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to M. weissii, M. comosum, M. cycladicum and M. elmasii, but differs mainly by its large bulbs and fruit structure from M. weissii and M. comosum, and long pedicels of fertile flowers and transversely growing raceme in fruit fromM cycladicum andM elmasii. In this study, a comprehensive description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, detailed illustration, geographical distribution, conservation assessment, identification key, observations, and taxonomic comments on the new species are presented.
  • Öğe
    A comparison investigation on antioxidant activities, physicochemical properties and phytochemical contents of kiwifruit genotypes and cultivars
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Özen, Tevfik; Zenginbal, Hamdi; Yazıcıoğlu, Emine; Gül, Fatih; Demirtaş, İbrahim
    The present work was conducted to find the physicochemical properties, chemical components and antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit hydroalcoholic extracts (B-31, HO-1-14, J-242, Bruno, Greenlight, Hayward, Monty, Topstar) grown Yalova, Turkey. Phytochemical tests were performed to determine total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid. Moreover, the kiwifruit extracts were subjected to evaluate their antioxidant potential using different in vitro assays such as total antioxidant, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating, free radical, H2O2 and super-oxide anion scavenging activities at 50-500 mu g mL(-1), and also found EC50 and IC(50 )values. The soluble solid content (SSC), titra-table acidity (TA) and pH were analyzed in all the genotypes and cultivars. The highest total phenolic, flavonoid and ascorbic acid content were found in J-242 (89.53 mg GAE/100 g), J-242 (109.13 mg QE/100 g) and HO-1-14 (64.15 mg/100 g), respectively. The linoleic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acid methyl esters were detected in all kiwifruit extracts by GC/MS. Significant differences were found between genotypes and cultivars in the antioxidant tests. The extracts showed high inhibition of lipid peroxidation and compared to standards, significantly (p < 0.05). The GC/MS analyses confirmed quantitative variability in the antioxidant profiles. The SSC, TA and pH of kiwifruit genotypes and cultivars showed a moderate level. The key parameters for the most active kiwifruit included the following: total antioxidant activity for B-31, H2O2 scavenging activity for J-242 and metal chelating activity for Topstar. In conclusion, this study exhibited the important role played by the genotypes and cultivars background on the chemical content and antioxidant profiles.
  • Öğe
    The impact of textile wastewater irrigation on the growth and development of apple plant
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Okçu, Gamze Doğdu; Yalçuk, Arda
    In this work, the effect of irrigation with textile wastewaters on the growth and development of "Golden Delicious apple sapling was examined over a one-year period. Municipal water prepared as a control sample (T-0), 1/3 diluted (T-1), and undiluted (T-2) raw textile wastewater was used as the three different irrigation water samples. Two replications of each test were performed on three random samples each time. When examining the effects of T-0, T-1, and T-2 irrigation water on plant growth, it was found that T-1 irrigation water significantly increased the weight, the shoot length, and the diameter of the sapling. Despite increasing Ni and Cr metals in the apple saplings' leaves when irrigated with T-2 water, plant growth was restricted due to the lack of basic nutrients. When taking certain aspects into account, such as the proper treatment of wastewater, then 1/3 diluted textile wastewater can be used as agricultural irrigation water for the apple plants.
  • Öğe
    Effects of some rhizobacteria and indole-3-butyric acid on rooting of black and white mulberry hardwood cuttings
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2018) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Demir, Taki
    This research was conducted to determine the effects of treatments with indole-3-butric acid (0, 2, 4 and 6 g l(-1) IBA) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Burkholderia gladii-BA7, Bacillussubtilus-OSU142 and Bacillusmegatorium-M3) strains have on rooting and root growth of hardwood stem cuttings of black and white mulberry both alone and in combination with each bacterial strain. Cuttings in the control group were treated with 50% ethanol + 50% distilled water. The hardwood stem cuttings (middle parts of one-year-old shoots) for rooting were selected from 15-year-old healthy donor black and white mulberries trees on February 1, 2015 and 2016 in Bolu, Turkey. The treated cuttings were placed in perlite medium in unheated trays of a greenhouse with automated misting system for 90 days. The rooting rate, root number, root length and diameter were evaluated. The rooting rate varied from 12.0 to 85.0%. The number of root varied from 2.05 to 10.19. The root length varied from 2.75 to 8.72 cm. The root diameter varied from 0.81 to 2.49 mm. The results indicated that treatment with 4 g l(-1) IBA plus B. megatorium-M3 solution had a profound effect in increasing rooting capacity and quality in comparison to the control, and all other PGPR and IBA treatments. Overall, rooting rate and root quality of black mulberry hardwood cuttings was found to be lower than those of white mulberry. Moreover, 4 g l(-1) IBA was the most appropriate dose and B. megatorium-M3 bacterial strain was the most appropriate rhizobacteria for rooting of mulberry cuttings.
  • Öğe
    Effect of altitude on growth-development and fruit quality attributes of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa planch) cultivation
    (Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2018) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Özcan, Muharrem
    This study was carried out to determine the variation of vine growth-development and fruit quality characteristics of 'Hayward' and 'Matua' kiwifruit cultivars at different altitude in Ardesen district of Rize (Turkey) province during two growing seasons in 2013-14. Significant differences in phenological dates of kiwifruit cultivars, cultivated at different altitudes were observed in both years. Generally, the kiwifruit cultivars, grown at 20 m altitude sprouted 7 days early and dropped their leaves 9-10 days later when compared to the cultivars, grown at 610 m altitude. Besides, the vegetative growth of vines was normal at all altitudes and the annual shoot diameter and length decreased with increase in altitude. With increase in altitude, the leaf area, number of leaf, bud, flower, and fruit on shoot decreased in both kiwifruit cultivars. The lowest values for leaf area, number of leaf, bud, flower, and fruit on shoot were detected in vines grown at 610 m altitude and the highest means were reached in vines grown at 20 and 210 m altitudes. The width, length index, weight, firmness, TS S, pH of fruit and yield values of 'Hayward' cultivar decreased with increase in altitude. The highest values were recorded from orchard at 20 and 210 m altitude. Acidity and firmness of fruit increased with increase in altitude and the highest acidity and firmness was taken from 610 m altitude. Effect of altitude was found non-significant for vitamin C content in both years. The results suggested that the cultivars at various altitudes were performed better but the new commercial cultivations of 'Hayward' and 'Matua' kiwifruit cultivars must be made in areas with up to 210 m altitude.
  • Öğe
    The grafting success of fourteen genotypes grafted on three different rootstocks on production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) sapling
    (Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2017) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Demir, Taki; Demirsoy, Hüsnü; Beyhan, Ömer
    This study was conducted in Canakkale Province, Bayramic County between 2011 and 2013. The aim of this study was to determine the best rootstock x genotype combination by grafting 14 standard and local sweet cherry genotypes cultivated in Amasya Province on Mazzard, Gisela 5 and Gisela 6 rootstocks with T-budding method. Graftings were conducted on August 15th in both years. Following the grafting, the average daily temperature and relative humidity values in addition to bud sprout ratios and graft shoot lengths and diameters were examined. The experiment location was suitable for fall T-budding based on obtained climate data. The results of research showed that cherry genotypes and rootstocks had significant effects on bud sprout ratio. The best bud sprout rates among the sweet cherry genotypes and rootstocks were obtained from 'Kargayuregi' genotype (100%) and Gisela 6 rootstock (91.4 and 94.5%, respectively) in both year. Graft shoot lengths and diameters showed differences depending on genotypes and rootstocks. Among the sweet cherry genotypes and rootstocks, the best graft shoot length were obtained from 'Kargayuregi' genotype and Gisela 5 rootstock in both year. The highest graft shoot diameter values among the sweet cherry genotypes and rootstocks were obtained from 'Bing' genotype and Gisela 5 rootstock in both years. As a result, it was shown that the 14 sweet cherry genotypes cultivated in Amasya can be successfully grafted on Mazzard, Gisela 5 and Gisela 6 cherry rootstocks and that 1(st) and 2(nd) class sweet cherry saplings can be produced.
  • Öğe
    The influence of various methods and budding dates on production of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) sapling
    (Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2017) Zenginbal, Hamdi
    This research was conducted to determine the effects of five different budding dates and six budding methods on graft success and plant growth in black mulberry sapling production. The experiment was carried out in Bolu, Turkey, between 2014 and 2015. The black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) was grafted on twoyear old white mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedling rootstocks in the nursery conditions. The highest bud take (88.33% and 85.0%, respectively to years) and sprouting rate (85.0% and 71.67%, respectively to years) were obtained with chip budding by hand performed on May 1 in both years. The highest mean shoot length (41.33 cm and 39.68 cm, respectively to years) and diameter (6.26 mm in both years) were obtained with inverted T-budding performed on April 15, 2014 and 2015. Among all parameters the best type of buddings was chip budding by hand, followed by T and inverted T-budding. The lowest results in all parameters were obtained with patch budding and chip budding by tool. Budding date on May 1 was the most appropriate and the results obtained were the highest in all parameters.
  • Öğe
    A comparison of professional and non-professional tying and wrapping materials on grafting success of Japanese flowering crabapple
    (Sejani Publ, 2017) Zenginbal, Hamdi
    The effects of fourteen tying and wrapping materials (soft silicone polyethylene, leathery polyethylene, soft polyethylene, parafilm, cannabis, reed thread, cotton cloth, cotton yarn, plastic yarn, stretch film, electrical tape, plastic sticky tape, paper sticky tape, and teflon tape) and two grafting techniques (chip budding and whip -and-tongue grafting) on graft adhesion, sprouting, shoot length, and shoot diameter were investigated in Japanese flowering crabapple grafting. The budding and grafting were done on April 26, 2015 and 2016. The Japanese flowering crabapple scion was grafted on two-year old Malus floribunda seedling rootstocks in the nursery conditions. Graft adhesion varied from 28.3% to 100.0% in 2015 and from 26.7% to 93.3% in 2016. Sprouting varied from 11.7% to 100.0% in 2015 and from 10.0% to 90.0% in 2016. The highest graft adhesion rate and sprouting rate were obtained from chip budding and whip-and-tongue grafts wrapped with soft silicone polyethylene tape, while the lowest results were obtained from chip budding wrapping with cotton cloth in both years. Graft shoot length varied from 25.1 cm to 69.5 cm in 2015 and from 26.4 cm to 61.7 cm in 2016. Graft shoot diameter varied from 4.0 mm to 6.4 mm in 2015 and from 4.1 mm to 6.0 mm in 2016. The highest shoot length and diameter were obtained from soft silicone polyethylene tape, while the lowest results were recorded from cotton cloth in both years. The best type of tying and wrapping materials were soft silicone polyethylene tape. The lowest results were obtained with cotton cloth. Within non-professional tying and wrapping materials, electrical tape produced better results.
  • Öğe
    Effects of the applıcatıon of varıous substances and graftıng methods on the graftıng success and growth of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.)
    (Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2016) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Eşitken, Ahmet
    This research was conducted to determine the effects of three grafting methods (chip budding, side and splice grafting) and topical applications on graft scion of IBA (0 and 4000 ppm) and three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Bacillus subtilus-OSU142, Bacillus megatorium-M3 and Burkholderia gladia-BA7) on graft success and plant growth in black mulberry sapling production. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Bolu, Turkey in 2014 and 2015. The black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) were used for grafting scions. Two-year old white mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedling were used for rootstocks. The results showed that in general all of the bacterial strains and IBA had significant effects on all parameters tested in graft scion compared with the control. Application of 4000 ppm IBA and Bacillus megatorium-M3 increased the success graft take rate (74.44 and 72.22%, respectively), graft sprouting rate (61.11 and 60.00%, respectively), graft shoot diameter (6.21 and 5.70 mm, respectively) and graft shoot length (35.50 and 35.31 cm, respectively). Grafting methods had significant effect for all parameters and grafting methods increased the graft success. The best graft take rates (75.33 and 70.67%, respectively), graft sprouting rates (62.67 and 57.33% respectively), graft shoot diameter (5.56 and 5.88 mm, respectively) and graft shoot length (34.14 and 37.86 cm, respectively) were obtained from splice grafting and chip budding methods. In conclusion, the present study showed that 4000 ppm IBA and PGPR strains (especially M3 and OSU142) increased the graft success of black mulberry graft. The PGPR application may be of benefit for grafting in mulberry cultivars, particularly for organic farming. Besides, splice grafting and chip budding were found to be successful to black mulberry plant production.
  • Öğe
    Effect of grafting techniques and periods on production of black mulberry (morus nigra l.) sapling
    (Sejani Publ, 2016) Zenginbal, Hamdi
    The effects of five grafting periods (March 15, April 1, April 15, May 1, and May 15) and nine grafting techniques (four grafting by hand and five grafting with two different manual grafting tools) on graft adhesion, sprouting, shoot length, and shoot diameter were investigated in black mulberry sapling production during 2014 and 2015. The black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) scion was grafted on two-year old white mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedling rootstocks in the nursery conditions. The highest graft adhesion rate (95.0% and 83.3%, respectively to year) and sprouting rate (90.0% and 76.7%) were obtained with whip-and-tongue grafting by hand performed on April 15. The highest mean shoot length (52.4 cm and 48.4 cm) was obtained with splice (whip) grafting by hand performed on April 1. The highest mean shoot diameter (7.0 mm and 6.6 mm) was recorded by omega grafting with tool (3T Art) and with splice (whip) grafting by hand performed on April 1 and April 15. The best type of grafting were splice (whip) and whip-and-tongue grafting by hand. The lowest results were obtained with all grafting tools. Within grafting tools, brand name of ZIC by Zenport Industries Company grafting tool produced better results. Grafting period on April 15 was the most appropriate and the results obtained were the highest in all parameters.
  • Öğe
    The effects of grafting methods (by hand and with manual grafting unit) and grafting times on persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) propagation
    (Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2015) Zenginbal, Hamdi
    This research was conducted to determine the effects of three different grafting periods (March 1, April 1 and May 1) and six grafting methods (tongue, splice, cleft grafting by hand and cleft, wedge, omega grafting by three different manual grafting tools) on graft success and plant growth in persimmon sapling production. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Rize, Turkey during 2012-2013. The 'Hachiya' persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) were used for grafting scions. Two-year old Diospyros lotus L. seedling were used for rootstocks. In conclusion, graft take percentages varied from 21.7 to 81.7% in 2012, from 10.0 to 73.3% in 2013. Sprouting percentages varied from 11.7 to 73.3% in 2012, from 5.0 to 68.3% in 2013. These parameters, tongue and wedge grafting (with tool) performed on April 1 gave the highest results in both years. Graft shoot lengths varied from 38.6 to 65.7 cm in 2012, from 38.3 to 61.5 cm in 2013. Graft shoot diameters varied from 5.3 to 8.3 mm in 2012, from 5.5 to 7.8 mm in 2013. These parameters, splice grafting performed on April 1 gave the highest results in both years. In generally among all parameters the best type of grafting was tongue and wedge (with tool) grafting. The omega grafting with manual grafting tool gave the lowest results in all parameters. Grafting period on April 1 gave the highest results, May 1 gave the lowest results in all parameters.
  • Öğe
    Evaluation of chestnut genotypes from Düzce vicinity, Turkey
    (International Society for Horticultural Science, 2018) Zenginbal, Hamdi; Ertürk, Ümran; Koşar, Mevlüt Batuhan; Ahı, D.
    The objective of this study was to determine the best chestnut genotypes from the natural chestnut plantations located in some districts of Düzce in 2015. In this study, 57 chestnut genotypes were evaluated in relation to pomological characteristics such as the number of nuts kg-1 (n kg-1), nut weight (g), and kernel ratio (%). Moreover, the nut sizes were classified as very small (?121 nuts kg-1), small (101-120 nuts kg-1), medium (81-100 nuts kg-1), big (61-80 nuts kg-1), and very big (?60 nuts kg-1). Additionally, nut dimensions were determined by measuring the width (mm), length (mm), height (mm) of nuts and shape indexes. Nut weights were between 5.06 g (81DB08) and 10.04 g (81DB11). In terms of number of nuts kg-1 (n kg-1), 81DB 08 genotype had the smallest nuts (197.63 n kg-1), whereas 81DB11 genotype had the biggest nuts (99.60 n kg-1). With respect to nut width, length and height were found the ranges 14.26 mm (81DA12) - 21.34 mm (81DB15), 23.07 mm (81DA26) - 32.18 mm (81DB11) and 19.64 mm (81DA22) - 27.10 mm (81DK06); kernel ratios of the 57 chestnut genotypes varied from 74.52% (81DA21) to 87.19% (81DA09). Since nut weight and size are two important criteria in chestnut selection, the prominent genotypes were determined 81DB11, 81DK06, 81DY01 and 81DY02, respectively. © 2018 International Society for Horticultural Science. All Rights Reserved.
  • Öğe
    Tarihsel bir perspektifte Türk müzik ve peyzaj sanatında kültürel paralellikler
    (2007) Barış, Dolunay Akgül; Akgül, Eylem
    Sanat, yaşadığı coğrafi alanda toplumsal dinamiklerle varlığını sürdürür. Yani kültürden etkilenen, bir toplumu tanımlayan ve tanıtan en etkin öğe o toplumun sanatıdır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada; kültür kavramı üzerinde durularak kültürün etkilediği temel sanat alanlarından müzik ve peyzaj sanatları arasındaki paralellikler, tarihsel bir perspektif içinde Türk kültürü örneğinde incelenmiştir.
  • Öğe
    Müziğin forma dönüşümü: Mimarlık temel tasarım eğitimi
    (2016) Bostancı, Burcu; Akbulak, Bahar; Yalçın, Eylem Akgül
    Temel tasarım eğitimi farklı sanat dallarında ortak kavramları barındıran ve disiplinler arası geçişleri sağlayan yaratıcı bir süreçtir. Bu sürecin başlangıç aşamalarından biri de kompozisyon oluşturmaktır. Bundan hareketle müzik ve mimarlık sanat dallarında da yer alan ve bütünün bir parçası olan kompozisyon farklı müzik formları altında kurgulanmış ve Temel Tasarım Eğitiminin bir parçası olarak düşünülmüştür. Bu çalışma AIBU Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Temel Tasarım Stüdyo I dersi kapsamı içinde 72 öğrenci üzerinde ampirik araştırma modeli ile uygulanmıştır. Daha önce temel sanat eğitimi almamış ve kompozisyon kurallarını bilmeyen bu öğrencilere üç farklı formda Olafur Arnalds "Ljiouo", Apocalyptica "Nothing Else Matters", Chopin Etüde op.25 no.11 parçaları dinletilerek, iki ve üç boyutlu kompozisyon olarak soyutlanması istenmiştir. Yapılan bu kompozisyonlar tasarım öğeleri olan ritm, tekrar, zıtlık, renk, denge, düzen, çokluk-birlik elemanlarının iç güdüsel olarak kullanımının analizini içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı günlük hayatımızda iletişim halinde olduğumuz en etkili araç olan müzik yoluyla kompozisyon elemanlarının algılanmasını sağlamak ve mimarlık tasarım eğitiminde araç olarak kullanmaktır.