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Öğe Antimicrobial effectiveness of different irrigation activation techniques on teeth with artificial internal root resorption and contaminated with enterococcus faecalis: A confocal laser scanning,icroscopy analysis(Springer London Ltd, 2023) Akdere, Sevim Koşumcu; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Erdönmez, DemetThis study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of standard needle irrigation (SNI), EDDY, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) activation on the teeth with simulated internal root resorption (IRR) and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses. A total of 79 human maxillary central incisors with a single canal were selected. The canals were accessed, and then, the roots were split in the bucco-lingual direction. Artificial IRR cavities (depth of 0.8 mm and a diameter of 1.6 mm) were prepared using round burs and 20% nitric acid in the middle region of the root halves. The root halves were reconstructed with cyanoacrylate glue, and the canals were contaminated with a culture of E. faecalis for 30 days. Root canal preparation was performed using the ProTaper Next rotary files up to X5 and 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Teeth were randomly assigned to five groups according to the irrigation activation method (n = 15): SNI, EDDY, PUI, PIPS, and SWEEPS. The final irrigation procedures were performed using a total of 6 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for each tooth with an activation time of 3 x 30 s. The canals were stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight dye and analyzed with CLSM to determine the percentages of dead bacteria in the biofilm. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis (P < .05). None of the irrigation activation methods tested provided 100% bacterial elimination. There was no significant difference between the irrigation activation methods tested in terms of the percentage of dead bacteria (P > 0.05). In irrigation activation methods other than PIPS, there was no significant difference in the percentage of dead bacteria between the coronal, middle, and apical regions of the roots (P > 0.05). A higher percentage of dead bacteria was found in the middle region compared to the apical region in the PIPS (P < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, SII, EDDY, PUI, PIPS, and SWEEPS have a similar antimicrobial effect on the teeth with IRR and contaminated with E. faecalis.Öğe Effect of different obturation techniques on sealer penetration in teeth with artificial internal root resorption: A confocal laser microscope analysis(Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2023) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur ; Kara, İrem Cansu; Karaoğlu, Gamze Er ; Çankaya, Tülin DoğanObjective: To investigate the efficacy of different obturation techniques on sealer penetration in teeth with internal root resorption using confocal laser microscopy. Methods: An artificial internal resorption cavity (3 mm deep and 1.2 mm in diameter) was formed in the round-shaped root canals of 45 single-rooted teeth at a distance of 7 mm from the apex, then roots were instrumented (size 40/.06). The samples were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to the obturation technique: lateral compaction (LC), warm vertical compaction (WVC) and carrier-based (CB). Results: In the resorption regions, the sealer penetration depth in the CB and LC groups was significantly higher than that in the WVC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the penetration depth of the sealer in the resorption region was higher in the CB and LC groups as compared to that in the WVC group.Öğe Evaluation of the efficacy of different irrigation activation techniques in removing of calcium hydroxide on teeth with the simulated internal root resorption cavity: A confocal laser scanning microscope analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Furuncuoğlu, Fatma; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur ; Çankaya, Tülin Doğan; Ocak, Mehmet GörkemThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different irrigation activation methods on root canal sealer penetration in teeth with simulated internal root resorption (IRR) and calcium hydroxide (CH) applied using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). 60 incisors with a single root and a single canal were included in the study. IRR cavities were created in the middle third of the root canal, and CH was placed. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15) according to the irrigation activation method to be tested: standard needle irrigation (SNI), sonic activation (EDDY), photon-induced photoacoustic flow (PIPS), and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic flow (SWEEPS). After irrigation activation applications, the root canals were obturated. Sections of 1.0 ± 0.1 mm were taken from the apical, middle, and coronal regions of each sample. The penetration area (µm2) and maximum penetration depth (µm) of the root canal sealer were examined by CLSM and analyzed using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed with a one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test at the P < 0.05 significance level. Among all irrigation activation methods tested, both the penetration area and maximum penetration depth of the root canal sealer were greater in the coronal region than in the apical region (p < 0.05). In the IRR region, there was no difference in terms of maximum penetration depth between PIPS and SWEEPS (p > 0.05), it was highest in SWEEPS (p < 0.05). PIPS and SWEEPS were better than other irrigation activation methods in the penetration of root canal sealer in the resorption areas of teeth with IRR. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.Öğe Evaluation of the effectiveness of different treatment approaches in preventing coronal discoloration caused by regenerative endodontic treatment(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Ateş, Melis Oya; Aydın, Zeliha UğurObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Teethmate desensitizer, a dentin bonding agent (DBA), Nd:YAG laser, and Er:YAG laser, which provides dentin tubule occlusion in the pulp chamber with different mechanisms, in preventing tooth discoloration due to regenerative endodontic treatment.Materials and methodsOne hundred five extracted maxillary human incisors with single roots and single canals were included in the study. The apical third of each tooth was resected below the enamel-cementum junction (CEJ) to obtain a standard root length as 10 +/- 1 mm. Root canal preparation was performed using the ProTaper Next files up to X5. Root canals were prepared with Gates Glidden (# 2-4) burs to simulate the immature root apex and an apical diameter of 1.1 +/- 0.1 mm was obtained. The teeth were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 15): DBA, Teethmate, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, Biodentine, Blood, and Negative Control. Relevant dentin tubule occlusion methods were applied to DBA, Teethmate, Nd:YAG, and Er:YAG groups. Following dentin tubule occlusion procedures, Biodentine was placed on the blood clot after filling the root canals with blood up to 4 mm below the CEJ. No dentin tubule occlusion procedure was applied for Blood and Biodentine groups. Color measurement was performed with the spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade Advance before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at days 7, 30, and 90. Data were converted to L*a*b color values of Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE L*a*b) and Delta E values were calculated. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p = 0.05) were performed for statistical analysis.ResultsA clinically detectable color change was observed in all groups except for the negative control (Delta E >= 3,3). It was observed that Biodentine used alone has a potential for discoloration. It was determined that as the contact time with blood increased, tooth discoloration increased. However, no significant difference was found between dentin tubule occlusion methods in preventing color change (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIt was determined that no dentin tubule occlusion method could 100% prevent discoloration caused by RET.Öğe Identification and characterization of a previously undiscovered anatomical structure in maxillary second molars: The palato-mesiobuccal canal(Elsevier Science Inc., 2023) Versiani, Marco A.; Taşdemir, Tamer; Keleş, AliIntroduction: This report aims to communicate the discovery of a novel anatomy in a 3-rooted maxillary second molar, named as palato-mesiobuccal canal. Methods: The tooth selected for this report was found incidentally as a result of a study on extracted maxillary molars that was being conducted for an unrelated purpose and involved hundreds of teeth. This 3-rooted maxillary second molar was scanned using a micro-computed tomography device set at a pixel size of 13.68 mm. The images were reconstructed with previously tested parameters resulting in the acquisition of 1655 axial cross-sections. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the internal and external anatomies were generated in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format and were texturized to simulate the pulp tissue. The inner structure of the tooth was analyzed through the axial cross sections and the 3D volume was qualitatively evaluated. Results: The analysis of the 3D models revealed that the maxillary second molar under examination has 3 independent roots and 4 root canals. Each root (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal) contains 1 canal, while the fourth canal follows a unique path, originating in the coronal third of the palatal canal and proceeding in a buccal direction ultimately exiting through an independent foramen at the apex of the mesiobuccal root, near the mesiobuccal canal. Conclusions: This brief communication reports the discovery of a novel anatomy in a 3-rooted maxillary second molar, named as palato-mesiobuccal canal, and provides important insights into the complexity of the root canal system in this group of teeth. (J Endod 2023;49:730-734.)Öğe Shaping outcomes of reciproc blue and rotate in roots canals with band-shaped isthmuses: Micro-CT study(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Keskin, Cangül; Pirimoğlu, Burcu; Çiftçioğlu, Elif; Dinger, Esma; Keleş, AliObjective This study assessed the outcome of shaping the mesial roots of mandibular first molars containing band-shaped isthmuses with an isthmus floor located at the apical third with Reciproc Blue and Rotate instruments in terms of canal transportation, canal aberrations and unprepared apical canals.Materials and methods Pair-matched mesial roots of mandibular first molars according to their isthmus location (distance from apical foramina) and size were constructed based on quantitative measurements (length, major and minor diameter at isthmus roof and floor) on preoperative micro-CT scanning (n = 10). The pair-matched specimens were prepared either using Reciproc Blue R25 (25.08v) or Rotate (15.04, 20.05, 25.06) instruments and then subjected to a second micro-CT scanning. Micro-CT scans were analysed to evaluate the canal transportation at the apical foramen and isthmus floor levels and the frequency of procedural errors (separated instruments, artificial canal preparation, cross shaping and unprepared apical canals). Canal transportation values were compared using Mann-Whitney U, and the distribution of procedural errors was compared with chi-square tests with a 5% significance threshold.Results Greater transportation values were detected in the apical foramen level compared to the isthmus floor in both groups. No significant difference was detected between Rotate and Reciproc Blue groups in terms of absolute transportation values and the incidence of procedural errors (p > .05).Conclusion Preparation of mesial root canals containing a band-shaped isthmus at the apical portion with Reciproc Blue and Rotate instruments caused transportation of the original canal position at the isthmus floor and the apical foramen levels and resulted in procedural errors.Clinical relevanceThis ex vivo micro-CT study using controlled pair-matched specimens showed that presence of a band-shaped isthmus complicates canal preparation procedure irrespective of the preparation systems.Öğe Shaping ability of WaveOne Gold and OneReci by using two apical sizes: A micro-computed tomographic assessment(PeerJ Inc, 2023) Çiftçioğlu, Elif; Keleş, Ali; Dinçer, Gözde Akbal; Ateş, Melis Oya; Küçükay, Enver SedatBackround. OneReci (MicroMega, Besan,con, France) is a recently introduced single -file reciprocating system with scarce information revealed on its shaping ability. This study aimed to compare the shaping abilities of OneReci and a well-documented single-file reciprocating system WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and evaluate the effect of increased apical enlargement on the preparation quality, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).Methods. After an initial micro-CT scanning, twenty mesial root canals of mandibular molars were anatomically matched. The canals were assigned to two experimental groups (n = 10), using OneReci or WOG in different canals of the same root. The glide paths were created, and root canals were prepared twice, using size 25 and 35 instruments of the systems, respectively. The specimens were scanned with micro -CT after each preparation. The increase in canal volume, amount of dentin removal, unprepared root canal surface, canal transportation, centering ratio and preparation times were assessed. The data were analysed with independent sample t-tests, variance analyses, Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at 5%.Results. Each preparation increased the canal volume and dentin removal while decreasing the unprepared root surface. The difference between the systems became significant after preparation with size 35 instruments (p < 0.05). Regarding canal transportation and centering ratio, the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). The first preparation step (glide path + size 25 instrument) was significantly faster in the OneReci group (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Preparation with size 25 instruments of the systems appeared to be safe with similar shaping performances. Larger apical preparation promoted significantly higher dentin removal, volume increase, and prepared surface area in WOG.Öğe Age-related changes in the morphology of the root canal system of mandibular first molars: A micro-CT study(Springer, 2023) Alak, Sabiha Gülçin; Keleş, Ali; Keskin, Cangül; Martins, Jorge N. R.; Versiani, Marco AurelioObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate changes on root canal morphology in patients with different ages using micro-CT technology.Materials and methodsMandibular first molars (n = 150) were scanned at a pixel size of 13.68 mu m, categorized into 3 groups according to patient's age and analyzed regarding configuration, orifices, apical foramina, root length, canal volume, and surface area. Morphological 2D and 3D parameters were evaluated in distal roots with Type I configuration (n = 109) as well as the morphology of isthmuses Types I and III in 68 mesial roots. One-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses (alpha = 5%).ResultsA great variation in the canal configuration was found. No difference was observed in roots' length (p > 0.05). Canal volume reduced with age (p < 0.05), while surface area increased (p < 0.05) in patients <= 30 years. There was no difference in canal/root length, area, and from foramen to the apex in distal roots with Type I configuration (p > 0.05), but 2D and 3D parameters significantly decreased with age (p < 0.05). Overall, the diameter of the isthmuses' roof reduced with age (p < 0.05). In patients >= 31 years with Type III isthmus the distance from the isthmus floor to the foramen of the mesiolingual canal also decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionOverall, the internal morphology of the mesial roots of mandibular first molars was more affected by aging than distal canals. The most relevant tested parameter that significantly reduced in both roots was the volume of the root canal systems.Öğe Antibacterial efficacy of copper-added chitosan nanoparticles: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis(Springer, 2021) Keskin, Nesrin Büşra; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Uslu, Gülşah; Özyürek, Taha; Erdönmez, Demet; Gündoğar, MustafaAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efcacy of copper added chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CNPs) as an irrigation solution with diferent irrigants in terms of eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canals. Fifty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. After the incubation period, samples were randomly divided into a control group irrigated with distilled water and 4 experimental groups (n=10) irrigated with as follows, %6 NaOCl, %6 NaOCl+%9 editronate (HEBP), Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), and CU-CNPs. To calculate the proportion of dead E. faecalis cell volume, stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and were scanned using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). All the irrigation solutions signifcantly (P<.05) killed the bacteria in the canal, except for the control group. CU-CNPs solution killed the highest (P<.05) number of bacteria compared with the other experimental groups. No signifcant diference was found between CNPs, NaOCl+HEBP, and NaOCl in terms of antibacterial activity. CU-CNPs solution was exhibited higher antibacterial efcacy against E. faecalis.Öğe The effect of various canal contents on the accuracy of two electronic apex locators in detecting different size of root perforations(MARMARA UNIV, INST HEALTH SCIENCES, 2021) Çankaya, Tülin Doğan; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Altunbaş, DemetObjective: This study was to investigate the effect of different canal contents on the accuracy of Gold Reciproc Motor (GRM; VDW, Munich, Germany) and DentaPort ZX (Morita Co, Kyoto, Japan) in the determination of artificial root perforations. Methods: Forty mandibular premolar teeth were included in this study. The crowns of the teeth were removed and the root lengths were standardized to be 14 +/- 1 mm. Roots were divided into 2 groups (n=20). Artificial root perforations were created 0.5 +/- 0.1mm and 1 +/- 0.1 mm in size respectively. The actual lengths (AL) up to the perforation areas were measured under the stereomicroscope. Electronic measurements (EL) were obtained by GRM and DentaPort ZX in dry conditions and the presence of NaOCl (5.25%), EDTA (17%) and blood. The difference was calculated by subtracting the ALs from the ELs. This difference was positive when the measurement was longer than the AL and negative when the measurement was shorter. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: There were no significant differences amongst the different intracanal conditions for both apex locators in teeth with perforation of 1 mm. In the teeth with a perforation of 0.5 mm DentaPort ZX measurements were not affected by intracanal conditions and the most accurate measurement was obtained when the canal was dry with GRM. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, intracanal conditions did not affect the measurements of DentaPort ZX in both perforation sizes, whereas in 0.5 mm perforation size, GRM measurements were affected by intracanal conditions..Öğe Determination of root canal length up to perforation area using different electronic apex locators and CBCT images obtained at different voxel sizes: A comparative ex vivo study(Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2021) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Bulut, Duygu GöllerObjective: To compare the accuracy of electronic apex locators in the presence of blood and CBCT images obtained with two different voxel sizes (0.125 mm and 0.25 mm) in determining root canal length up to the perforation area. Methods: Forty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were selected and an artificial root perforation (0.4 +/- 0.1 or 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm diameter) was created in the middle third of the root. The actual root canal length up to the perforation area was determined under a stereomicroscope. CBCT images were obtained with a voxel size of 0.125 mm and 0.25 mm. The root canal length up to the perforation area was measured on CBCT images and recorded as the radiographic length. The teeth were embedded in alginate and root canal length up to the perforation area was measured using two different EALs (DentaPort ZX [Morita, Tokyo, Japan] and Gold Reciproc motor [VDW, Munich, Germany]) and recorded as the electronic length. Results: In teeth with an artificial root perforation 0.4 mm in diameter, the measurements obtained with DentaPort ZX were more accurate than with the Gold Reciproc motor (P < 0.05), and on CBCT images, more accurate measurements were obtained with a voxel size of 0.125 mm compared to 0.25 mm (P < 0.05). In teeth with an artificial root perforation 1.0 mm in diameter, the radiographic length was closer to actual length than the electronic length (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In artificial root perforations with a diameter of 0.4 mm, CBCT gives more reliable results than EALs. Both EAL and CBCT measurements were closer to actual length in artificial perforations that were 1.0 mm in diameter.Öğe Effect of different irrigation activation techniques on sealer penetration: A confocal laser microscopy study(Quintessence Publishing, 2021) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Koşumcu, Sevim; Meşeci, BüşraObjective: To compare the efficiency of a new sonic powered irrigation system named EDDY (VDW, Munich, Germany), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in root canal sealer penetration. Methods: A total of 45 mandibular premolars were instrumented up to size 30, 0.9 taper and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15) depending on the final irrigation activation technique: EDDY, PUI or CNI. After the final irrigation procedures, the root canals were obturated with labelled sealer mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. Transverse sections at 3, 5 and 7 mm from the root apex were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The maximum depth and total area and percentage of sealer penetration were measured using ImageJ analysis software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Results: In the EDDY group, the penetration depth was higher compared to the CNI group in the apical and middle sections and compared to the PUI group in the apical section (P < 0.05). The penetration area in the EDDY group was higher compared to the CNI group in all sections and compared to the PUI group in the coronal section (P < 0.05). The percentage of penetration was higher in the EDDY group compared to the CNI group in all sections and compared to the PUI group in the coronal section (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, sealer penetration was superior in the EDDY group than the CNI group in the apical section. In the middle and coronal sections, sealer penetration was similar for the EDDY and PUI groups.Öğe The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on changes in the fractal dimension of periapical lesion in teeth after root canal treatment: a fractal analysis study(Wiley, 2021) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Ocak, M. G.; Bayrak, S.; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Orhan, K.Aim This single-centre retrospective case-control study evaluated fractal dimension (FD) changes in radiographs of periapical lesions using a fractal analysis in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients following root canal treatment. Methodology The study data consisted of two groups: the DM group which contained a total of 46 mandibular molar teeth in 37 patients with no systemic disease other than type 2 DM, and the control group which contained a total of 52 mandibular molar teeth in 41 patients without systemic disease. Periapical radiographs were obtained prior to root canal treatment and 1 year post-treatment. Fractal analysis was performed by selecting a region of interest on the periapical radiographs. For both groups, the FD changes in lesion area were calculated and compared. In addition, periapical status was evaluated using the periapical index (PAI) scores on periapical radiographs for both groups. Data were analysed using dependent-samplet-test, independent-samplet-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-WhitneyU-test. Results In both groups, FD values were increased significantly 1 year post-treatment as compared with those prior to treatment (P < 0.05). The time-dependent increase in FD was significantly greater in the control group (P < 0.05). Time-dependent increases in FD did not differ between genders (P > 0.05). There was a significant decrease in PAI scores in both type 2 DM and control groups depending on time (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of time-related decreases in PAI scores (P > 0.05). Conclusion An increase in the FD of the periapical lesion area was observed 1 year after root canal treatment. DM had a negative effect on FD increase.Öğe Effect of different chelating agents and their surface tension on the amount of apically extruded debris(Elsevier Taiwan, 2021) Göktürk, Hakan; Özkocçak, İsmail; Aydın, Uğur; Şerefli, Emine DemirBackground/purpose: During root canal preparation apical extrusion is an undesirable situation that can cause postoperative complications. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the presence of different chelators in root canals during preparation on the amount of apically extruded debris and to investigate the effect of surface tension of irrigant on the apical extrusion. Materials and methods: Ninety extracted mandibular incisor teeth were included. Prior to canal preparation, the teeth were mounted to Eppendorf tubes. Root canals of the samples were prepared with Reciproc instruments in the presence of different chelating agents (17% EDTA-liquid, 17% EDTA-gel, 7% maleic acid, 2.25% peracetic acid, 10% citric acid) and 5% NaOCl. Apically extruded debris was collected in Eppendorf tubes and weighted with an electronic balance. The surface tension of solutions was calculated with the ring method using a du Nouy ring digital tensiometer. The statistical analysis was performed with Tamhane's T2 test for apical extrusion and the Tukey for surface tension. The correlation between apical extrusion and surface tension was compared using Pearson's coefficient. Results: The least amount of apically extruded debris was with EDTA-gel, peracetic acid and citric acid which were similar to each other. NaOCl had the highest surface tension whereas peracetic acid and EDTA-liquid had the lowest. There was no significant correlation exists between apical extrusion and surface tension. Conclusion: The presence of EDTA-gel, citric acid and peracetic acid in root canals during preparation decreased the amount of apically extruded debris compared to other solutions. The investigated irrigation solutions have no significant effect on the amount of apical debris extrusion. (C) 2020 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.Öğe Comparison of GTR, T-PRF and open-flap debridement in the treatment of intrabony defects with endo-perio lesions: a randomized controlled trial(Medicina Oral S L, 2020) Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Özelçi, FerhatBackground: Titanium-prepared platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) is an autologous hemo-component with a high concentration of platelets that also incorporates leukocytes, and growth factors into the dense fibrin matrix and can be used as a healing biomaterial. This study assesses the adjunctive use of T-PRF in intrabony defects ( IBDs) with open flap debridement (OFD) in comparison with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) as a gold standard and OFD alone as a control. Material and Methods: A total of 45 patients (15 per group) were randomized as either T-PRF (test group), GTR (test group), or OFD alone (control group) sites. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and IBD were recorded. The radiographic depth of IBD was also measured. Primary outcomes assessed were changes in PD, CAL, and radiographic IBD that were assessed at the beginning and nine months later. Results: The PRF and GTR group showed significant improvement in clinical parameters compared with the OFD alone (control group) at nine months. While there were no significant differences in PD and CAL between test groups (T-PRF and GTR groups), the significant difference was found in radiographic IBD depth. Conclusion: T-PRF may give similar successful results as GTR in the treatment of IBDs with endo-perio lesions.Öğe The effect of different irrigation solutions on the accuracy of two electronic apex locators in locating artificial root perforations(Galenos Yayincilik, 2020) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Altunbaş, Demet; Meşeci, BüşraObjective: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Raypex 6 (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and Root ZX mini (J. Morita Corp., Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locators (EALs) with regard to detecting root perforations in dry conditions and in the presence of irrigation solutions [2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Qmix]. Materials and Methods: Twenty single-rooted human teeth were perforated artificially with a 1 mm diameter in the middle region. The actual canal lengths up to the perforation site were determined, and then the teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. The electronic measurements of the perforations were obtained using a size #20 K-file for each EAL in various conditions. Results: There were significant differences between the different canal conditions in the Raypex 6 group (p<0.05), but no significant differences in the Root ZX mini group (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two EALs in the presence of EDTA solution, but no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of two EALs in the presence of other solutions and in the dry canal condition (p>0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, both apex locators detected root canal perforations within a clinically acceptable (range of -0.18 to 0.31mm) distance from the coronal border of the perforation region. Irrigation solutions within the root canal affected the accuracy of Raypex 6, but not of Root ZX mini.Öğe Investigation of the relationship between the pulp area and chronological age in patients that received and not received orthodontic treatment(Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2020) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Doğan, Tülin; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Korkmaz, Yasemin NurObjective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between chronological ages and pulp areas of mandibular canine teeth of patients that received and not received orthodontic treatment. Methods: 102 patients that completed fixed orthodontic treatment and between the ages of 13-24, and 102 age and sex-matched control group subjects were included in the study. A total of 204 dental panoramic radiographs taken with the same procedures and with the same device (Soredex; Cranex Novus, Tuusula, Finland) were evaluated in this study. The pulp areas of the mandibular canine teeth were measured using the Image J software (US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Data were analyzed statistically. Results: In both the orthodontic group (r = -0,511) and the control group (r = -0,592), there was a negative correlation between chronological age and pulp area. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the pulp area and gender (p>0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment did not result in a significant difference in the correlation between the pulp area and the chronological age.Öğe The assessment of different bleaching agents' efficiency on discoloured teeth using image-processing methods(Elsevier, 2020) Özkoçak, İsmail; Hekim, Mahmut; Göktürk, Hakan; Adem, Kemal; Cömert, OnurBackground: Although triple antibiotic paste (TAP) has been successfully used as an intracanal medicament for regenerative endodontic treatments, TAP has also been shown to cause discolouration. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of different bleaching agents to bleach teeth discoloured from TAP. Methods: Two hundred extracted human maxillary incisors were evaluated with VITA Easyshade, and 120 teeth were prepared and discoloured by using TAP for three weeks. After colouration, 70 teeth were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1: Negative control, Group 2: Sodium perborate, Group 3: Opalescence Endo, Group 4: Endoperox, and Group 5: Biolase. The colour changes in the third and seventh days' standard images were obtained using stereomicroscopy, RGB and Lab color space transformations were applied to the images. The CIE Lab color system was used, and total color changes (AE) were calculated and compared among groups and over time, using analysis of variance testing. Results: At the third day, there was no difference between bleaching materials. At the seventh day, the Biolase group was superior to sodium perborate and there was no difference between other groups. A statistically significant difference was noted between the third and seventh-day measurements for all bleaching protocols. Bleaching effectiveness of all agents increased over time. Conclusions: Teeth discoloured by using TAP may be bleached by means of the investigated protocols, and colour alteration can be increased over time. The CIE Lab colour system can be used as an alternative, in vitro test for evaluating the bleaching efficiency of bleaching agents.Öğe Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy administered using methylene blue, toluidine blue and tetra 2-mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine in root canals contaminated with Enterococcusaecalis(Elsevier, 2020) Karaoğlu, Gamze Er; Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Erdönmez, Demet; Göl, Cem; Durmuş, MahmutBackground: Traditional chemomechanical treatment procedures are an indispensable part of endodontic treatment, however, additional treatment approaches such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may also be recommended for the elimination of residual microorganisms. In this study, the disinfection efficiency of aPDT performed using methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue (TB), and tetra 2-mercaptopyridine substituted zinc phthalocyanine (TM-ZnPc) was compared in the roots contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and methods: Forty-nine teeth with a single root and canal were included in this study. The roots were sterilized, and inoculated with E. faecalis. The roots were kept in an incubator for 30 days to form the biofilm. Forty-five teeth were prepared up to the F3 file of the ProTaperNext system under 2.5 % NaOCL irrigation. The samples were divided into three groups according to the type of used photosensitizer (PS) (n = 15); MB (313 mu M), TB (327 mu M), and TM-ZnPc (6 mu M). All PSs were irradiation with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp (630 nm, 2-4 mW/cm(2)) for the 60 s. Two microbiological samples of the intracanal content were taken (one before and one immediately after additional aPDT in all groups) using sterile paper points. The colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were calculated after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Results: After all aPDT protocols, intracanal bacterial load decreased significantly compared to the amount after chemomechanical preparation (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the reduction in intracanal bacterial load was found between the PSs (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the current study, the aPDT protocol performed with TM-ZnPc provided similar antimicrobial efficacy, although it was used at a lower concentration compared to MB and TB. Therefore, the use of TM-ZnPc in intra-canal disinfection in endodontics seems promising.Öğe Effect of chitosan nanoparticle, QMix, and EDTA on TotalFill BC sealers' dentinal tubule penetration: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study(Springer, 2019) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Özyürek, Taha; Keskin, Büşra; Baran, TalatThe aim of the present study was to compare the effect of chitosan nanoparticle, QMix, and 17% EDTA on the penetrability of a calcium silicate-based sealer into dentinal tubules using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Sixty mandibular premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n=20) before root canal preparation according to the solution used in the final rinse protocol: chitosan, QMix, and EDTA groups. Twenty teeth of each group were filled with a TotalFill BC sealers' single gutta-percha cone and with 0.1% rhodamine B. The specimens were horizontally sectioned at 3 and 5mm from the apex, and the slices were analyzed in CLSM (4x). Total percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy with using Image J analysis software. Dentinal tubule's penetration depth, percentage, and area were measured using imaging software. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results of Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage and depth of sealer penetration among all groups at 3 and 5mm level sections (P<0.05). Within the groups, the minimum sealer penetration depth was recorded for chitosan nanoparticle group. Greater depth of sealer penetration was recorded at 5mm as compared to 3mm in all the groups. Within the limitation of the present study, it can be concluded that QMix and EDTA promoted sealer penetration superior to that achieved by chitosan nanoparticle.
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