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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/172

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Discrimination of an untouched autochthonous grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) population by morphological markers and multivariate analyses
(Springer, 2023) Güler, Emrah; Karadeniz, Turan
Since the demand for wine types and table grapes is continuously changing, recognition of autochthonous varieties is gaining more importance in obtaining unique tastes. This study evaluated some prominent ampelographic features to discriminate an autochthonous grape population. Relationships between morphometrics, berry chemicals, and skin color were assessed by heatmap analysis using Pearson's pairwise correlations. Berry weight and seed number were significant berry characteristics for distinguishing individuals with relatively high CVs (coefficient of variances) (38.29% and 35.17%), varying between the means of 1.29 g and 9.48 g for berry weight and 0.89 and 5.50 pieces for seed number. Stalk length was the most diverse bunch trait, with a CV of 55.10%. Rose-colored genotypes had larger berries than black and green/yellow-colored genotypes. Correlations between morphometrics and color traits were considerably different according to berry color. A great diversity among the autochthonous grape population, even among the same named individuals, was revealed by multivariate analysis. The genetic richness and associations across traits discovered in this study will be helpful in future grapevine selection breeding studies.
The effect of altitude on phenolic, antioxidant and fatty acid compositions of some Turkish hazelnut (Coryllus avellana L.) cultivars
(MDPI, 2023) Gülsoy, Ersin; Kaya, Elif Duygu; Türkhan, Ayşe; Bulut, Menekşe; Koyuncu, Mübin; Güler, Emrah; Sayın, Figen; Muradoğlu, Ferhad
Turkey is the leading producer and exporter of hazelnuts, producing approximately 64% of global hazelnut production. This research investigated the effects of cultivars and altitude on the phenolic, antioxidant, and fatty acid compositions of five hazelnut cultivars grown at three different altitudes, 100 m, 350 m, and 800 m, in Ordu province, one of the territories that produce the most hazelnuts. The results showed that the cultivar and location significantly affected phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid (FA) content. The lowest (2.30 mg/kg-Yagli) and highest (21.11 mg/kg-Kara) gallic acids were obtained at 100 m. The highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in the nuts grown at 350 m in the Kara and Palaz cultivars, at 100 m in the Yagli and Sivri cultivars, and at 800 m in the cakildak cultivar. Oleic acid was the predominant FA in the cultivars and possessed a diverse trend according to the altitude and cultivar, ranging from 76.04% to 84.80%, increasing with altitude in all cultivars except cakildak. Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated FA followed by stearic acid, which significantly varied according to the elevations. This study suggests that the responses of hazelnuts to altitude depend on the cultivar; hence, a proper approach to producing nuts containing more phenolic, fatty acids, and antioxidant activity includes choosing a suitable cultivar for a specific elevation.
Exogenous citric acid, salicylic acid, and putrescine treatments preserve the postharvest quality and physicochemical properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) during cold storage
(Wiley, 2023) Kibar, Hakan; Kibar, Beyhan; Turfan, Nezahat
To extend the postharvest storage life of broccoli samples (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), an exogenous application of citric acid (CA), salicylic acid (SA), and putrescine (PUT) was tested in multiple combinations (0.5 and 1 mM) at 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity (RH) for 21 days (d). The weight loss (WL), respiration rate (RR), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, color (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue angle), proximate and mineral contents, phenolic and flavonoid contents, and other biochemical properties of the treated and untreated broccoli samples were evaluated throughout the storage duration. The lowest WL was observed when exposed to 0.5 mM of PUT. 1 mM CA and PUT treatments were affected by RR, depending on storage conditions. The lowest TSS content was observed in broccoli samples treated with 0.5 mM CA among all treatments. The chroma value of the samples was preserved by the 0.5 mM SA treatment. The most abundant element in broccoli samples was potassium in the control application, followed by a 1 mM SA treatment. In addition, the protein content was the highest in the 1 mM PUT treatment. The highest vitamin C was determined in the 1 mM CA treatment, and the most abundant vanillic acid was found in broccoli exposed to the 0.5 mM and treatment. Glucose content was determined at the lowest level in the 0.5 mM SA treatment, while higher increases occurred in other treatments. In terms of these findings, 1 mM CA, 1 mM SA, and 1 mM PUT delay WL, RR, and color degradation and prolong the storage life of broccoli samples stored at 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C. It was concluded that the biochemical content, fresh weight, and green color of broccoli samples throughout postharvest and storage can be maintained longer by exogenous application of these natural compounds. Therefore, we recommend 1 mM PUT and 1 mM CA treatments to maintain the quality of broccoli by minimizing losses in morphological properties, mineral, and biochemical compositions during postharvest storage.
Role of postharvest oxalic acid treatment on quality properties, phenolic compounds, and organic acid contents of nectarine fruits during cold storage
(MDPI, 2023) Eroğul, Deniz; Kibar, Hakan; Şen, Fatih; Gündoğdu, Müttalip
Due to the soft texture of the nectarine fruit, there are difficulties in long-term storage of this fruit. Therefore, it is of great importance to extend the postharvest storage period of this fruit species. In this study, the effect of postharvest OA (Oxalic acid) applications (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM) on the quality and biochemical contents of nectarine fruits was investigated. On the 40th day of storage, 1.5 mM OA doses reduced weight loss (1.96%) and fruit flesh firmness (36 N) by approximately 44% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control group. The most effective dose in reducing the respiratory rate was again 1.5 mM OA. The 1 mM OA dose was determined to prevent the decay rate approximately by 16% compared to the control group. Organic acid contents showed a continuous decreasing trend during storage and malic acid was determined to be the dominant acid in nectarine fruits. At the end of storage, it was determined that a 1.5 mM OA dose prevented the decrease in malic acid content approximately 35% more than the control group. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were detected at a higher rate than other phenolics. It was observed that 1.5 mM OA dose prevented the breakdown of chlorogenic acid and rutin compounds more so than other doses during storage. In this study, it was determined that a 1.5 mM OA dose especially protected the quality properties and biochemical contents of nectarine fruits in the cold storage more than the control group.
European and American grapevines were successfully recovered from GFkV, GLRaV1, GLRaV2, and GLRaV3 viruses by a modified thermotherapy and shoot tip culture
(Springer, 2023) Sağlam, Hayri; Sağlam, Özlem Çalkan; Güler, Emrah; Akbaş, Birol; Gürner, Üftade
This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of modified thermotherapy and shoot tip culture in eliminating grapevines from grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), and grapevine leafroll closterovirus (GLRaV1, GLRaV2, and GLRaV3) all of which are required for certified sapling production. The infected grapevine scions were transferred into 10-liter plastic containers filled with a 1:1 mixture of perlite and peat (v/v), rooted, and saplings were grown. For 40 days, the grapevines were subjected to a modified thermotherapy treatment that included 8 h of darkness at 60-70% relative humidity and 32 & DEG;C temperature and 16 h of light (4000-5000 lx) at 60-70% relative humidity and 40 & DEG;C temperature. The materials were subjected to shoot tip culture procedures after thermotherapy. All materials were tested again at the end of the acclimatization period. The entire grapevines were virus-free at the end of the process. The survival rates of the grapevines varied. The 41B rootstock had a survival rate of 100%, and the rest had at least one surviving plant out of six. The proposed thermotherapy approach in this study has a high potential for sanitary grapevine sapling propagation when combined with rapid multiplication via in-vitro.
New approaches in fig preservation: Use of melatonin to maintain postharvest quality of fig (Ficus Carica L.) fruit during cold storage
(Springer, 2023) Küçüker, Emine; Ağlar, Erdal; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Tekin, Onur; Oğurlu, Ferhat; Özcengiz, Ceyda Kızgın
The storage and shelf life of the fig, which has a sensitive fruit structure, is short, and this results in too much economic losses. In the study carried out to contribute to the solution of this problem, the effect of postharvest melatonin application at different doses (0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) on fruit quality characteristics and biochemical content during cold storage was determined. The weight loss and decay rates that increased with the prolongation of the cold storage period were lower in melatonin-treated fig fruit. Melatonin application delayed fruit softening. The soluble solids content (SSC) ratio in melatonin treated-fruit was lower, and melatonin was effective on titratable acidity (TA), but there were inconsistencies in the effect. It can be said that the effect of melatonin application on the decreasing phenolic compounds during cold storage is limited. The significant differences occurred between applications in terms of antioxidant capacity at the end of the cold storage. The highest values were recorded with the control application and the lowest values with the application of 0.10 mM melatonin. The decrease in the amount of individual phenolic compounds both during and at the end of cold storage was lower with melatonin applications. Melatonin application had an effect on flavonoid compounds during cold storage, but this effect varied depending on melatonin concentration and compound. Melatonin application was effective in the changes in the amount of organic acids during cold storage, and this effect varied depending on the species of organic acid and cold storage time. In the study, it was concluded that melatonin application can be used to maintain postharvest quality in fig.
Physiological effects of melatonin on polyphenols, phenolic compounds, organic acids and some quality properties of peach fruit during cold storage
(Springer, 2024) Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ağlar, Erdal; Oğurlu, Ferhat; Arslan, Tuncer; Özcengiz, Ceyda Kızgın; Küçüker, Emine
In peach, which is a climacteric fruit species, the fruit deteriorates rapidly at post harvest with the increase in ethylene production and respiration rate during ripening, and significant changes occur in quality properties and antioxidant activity. In the study, the effect of melatonin applications at different doses (0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) at postharvest on fruit quality characteristics and biochemical content during cold storage was determined. The increased weight loss and decay rate with the prolongation of the cold storage period were lower in melatonin-treated fruit and varied depending on the application concentration. Melatonin application was effective in maintaining fruit flesh firmness, but application concentration had no effect. An increase in soluble solids content (SSC) ratio and a decrease in acidity occurred during storage, and changes in SSC and titratable acidity ratios were lower with melatonin application. In general, melatonin application was effective in maintaining the concentration of organic acids, but this effect varied depending on the concentration and compound. As a result, it was concluded that 0.25 mM melatonin application can be used to maintain the postharvest fruit quality of peach.
Influence of different vermicompost doses on growth, quality and element contents in curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa)
(Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam Üniv Rektörlüğü, 2022) Karademir, Serap; Kibar, Beyhan
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different vermicompost doses on plant growth, quality properties and element contents in curly lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). The research was carried out in pots under plastic greenhouse conditions in Karabuk province. In the study, 6 applications as 4 different doses of vermicompost (V), chemical fertilizer (CF) and control were examined. The applications were as follows: 1) Control (100% soil), 2) V1 (97.5% soil + 2.5% vermicompost, w/w), 3) V2 (95% soil + 5% vermicompost, w/w), 4) V3 (90% soil + 10% vermicompost, w/w), 5) V4 (80% soil + 20% vermicompost, w/w) and 6) CF (100% soil + chemical fertilizer). The experiment was established in completely randomized design with 3 replications. According to the research findings, vermicompost applications significantly increased plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of marketable leaves, chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, copper, and zinc contents of the plant compared with the control. When compared to the control, V1 application increased plant fresh weight by 13.25% and phosphorus content by 44.07%; V2 application increased potassium content by 24.29%; V3 application increased plant height by 13.77%, chlorophyll content by 22.30% and nitrogen content by 53.23%; V4 application increased magnesium content by 48.46%, calcium content by 14.36% and zinc content by 16.19%. It was detected that vermicompost had positive effects on plant growth, quality properties and element contents in curly lettuce. As a result, vermicompost can be used successfully as an alternative organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture in curly lettuce cultivation.
An in-depth study on shelf-life indicators of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in correlation to putrescine treatments and storage duration
(Wiley, 2022) Berk, Selma Kuru; Taş, Akgül; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, Müttalip
Raspberries are delicate fruits and are quite quickly perishable due to many reasons. Therefore, the variation of weight loss (WL), decay rate (DR), titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), pH, respiration rate (RR), fruit density (FD), chromatic parameters (L, a, b, chroma, hue angle, and Delta E), phenolics and flavonoids, and organic acids and vitamin C fresh red raspberries were investigated at 15-day intervals during storage period at 0 (control), 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mM L-1 PUT for 30 days. The physiochemical properties and biochemical composition of red raspberries changed significantly (except for pH, a, b, and hue angle) with increasing PUT concentrations and storage duration (p < .05), and WL, TA, pH, RR, b, chroma, hue angle, and Delta E values were fitted to the zero-order kinetic model; the values of DR, L, and a followed the first-order kinetic model; on the other hand, the values of SSC and FD followed the second-order kinetic model. Biochemical contents were determined to fit the first-order and second-order kinetic models. As a result of the cluster analysis, two groups were formed as a storage group on the 15th day and a storage group on the 30th day. Novelty impact statement This study ensures useful information for improving the quality properties of red raspberries considering the combined effect of putrescine treatment and storage duration. Putrescine treatment is a good alternative for preservation studies to substitute the control treatments. This putrescine treatment enhances the quality of products with short duration of storage.
Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey (Aug, 10.1007/s10722-02201452-0, 2022)
(Springer, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Özer, Göksel
Following publication of the original article [1], the affiliation of the first author and the second author are swapped. The correct affiliation of two authors is given below.
Physiological characterization of wild cornelian cherry genotypes in terms of phenolic compounds, organic acids and antioxidants
(Springer, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip
It is of great importance that people eat healthy in order to reduce the negative effects of ecological changes and technological developments in the world. Therefore, the interest in fruits, which are rich in biochemical contents, is increasing day by day. Among these fruit types, cornelian cherry has an important potential. In this study, antioxidant, total monomeric anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C contents of fruits belonging to 25 cornelian cherry genotypes were determined. Principal component and cluster analyzes were performed to determine the correlation between compounds. In the study, when the organic acid content of the fruits was examined, it was seen that tartaric acid and citric acid followed this acid with the highest malic acid content. It was determined that ellagic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid, which are specific phenolics, are generally higher than other phenolic compounds. Total anthocyanin content showed great variation between genotypes and ranged from 3.79 mu g cy-3-glu/g (14BL06) to 77.65 mu g cy-3-glu/g. TEAC values were determined between 4.14 and 11.03 mu mol TE/g and FRAP values are between 3.37 and 10.50 mu mol TE/g. According to principal component analysis, the correlation between total antioxidant, total phenolic and total anthocyanins was 94.70%. While the correlation between phenolic compounds was determined as 42.40%, it was determined that the correlation between organic acids was 59%. As a result, it has been revealed that cornelian cherry gene sources are rich in biochemical contents and can be used effectively in functional foods.
Comparison of morphometric traits of pecan cultivars
(Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam Üniv Rektörlüğü, 2022) Muradoğlu, Ferhad; Akkuş, Sibel Binici; Akkuş, Gökhan; Başak, İbrahim
Pecan is a major horticultural nut tree that originated in North America and, in Turkey, it is generally cultivated in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. In this study, morphometric traits of twentyone cultivars grown under equal ecological conditions in the Southeastern region of Turkey were determined. In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed on morphometric traits for determining suitable cultivars that show the best performance in these ecological conditions. The nut weight ranged from 3.66 g for `Cherokee' to 10.35 g for the `Shoshoni' cultivar. The `Choctaw' had the highest kernel weight and kernel ratio ranging from 5.63 g to 58.60%. While the `Cherokee' had the lowest ranging from 0.91 g to 22.84 g, respectively. A significant positive correlation between nut weight and kernel ratio was determined. The kernel weight was also highly correlated with nut weight and height. The use of clustering analysis according to Ward's method allowed the establishment of relationships between pecan cultivars by separating them into four main clusters. Also, these results were supported by principal component analysis, and `Big Z' and `Ideal' cultivars were determined to be the closest cultivars. Results showed that there are quantitative differences regarding the genetic property of pecan cultivars and more than half of the examined cultivars showed a good performance in terms of nut quality criteria that are crucial in marketing. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis was effective in the differentiation of pecan cultivars and it has been evaluated that it can be used successfully in future studies.
Polyphenols, organic acids, and their relationships in red grapes of Vitis vinifera and Isabella (Vitis labrusca) under arid conditions
(Springer, 2022) Güler, Emrah
Grape is one of the most valuable sources of polyphenols that act as radical scavengers and stress suppressors. This study discussed the polyphenolic and the organic acid composition regarding ecology and secondary metabolism of red grapes of two Vitis vinifera varieties (Sulun Kara and Tombak Kara) and a Vitis labrusca cultivar (Isabella) grown under arid conditions. Isabella, a grape adapted to high humidity, had notably higher flavonoids, particularly catechin. Vitis vinifera varieties contained higher phenolic acids than Isabella, except for syringic, p-coumaric, and gallic acids. Organic acids were divergent among the varieties and Isabella. Correlation analysis suggested some noteworthy relations among organic acids, such as the positive linear relationships of malic, tartaric, and ascorbic acids. Oxalic acid was negatively correlated to other organic acids except for succinic acid. High correlations among flavonoids suggested an enhanced stress defense metabolism caused by rain scarcity during the growing season. This study will be a helpful example of alterations in grape biochemical composition and relationships of secondary metabolites. The results also suggest that Isabella is an excellent genetic source of biochemically fortified berries under arid conditions.
Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey
(Springer, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Özer, Göksel
Cornus mas L. is a type of fruit preferred by consumers due to its rich bioactive compounds, attractive appearance, unique taste, high biological activities, sensory properties and nutritional properties. Morphological and molecular characterization of 61 C. mas genotypes collected from the flora of Bolu province was carried out in the current study. According to the two-year average data, the fruit and core weights of the genotypes showed significant variation with ranges from 1.44 to 3.37 g and from 0.19 to 1.13 g, respectively. The soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity values changed between 10.37 and 21.22%, 3.45 and 2.44, and 1.01% and 2.46%, respectively. Inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers were evaluated for genetic variation among C. mas genotypes for the first time worldwide. Five iPBS markers amplified 80 fragments, 60 polymorphic (75%) with an average of 12 polymorphic bands per primer. Each of the selected iPBS markers supplied adequate separation power. Polymorphism information content and resolution power of markers ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 and from 3.57 to 8.43, with averages of 0.24 and 5.52, respectively. The iPBS primer 2378 had the highest polymorphism rate value (88.89%), whereas iPBS primers 2242 and 2232 had the lowest (66.67%) phylogenetic analysis grouped genotypes into three main groups. The unweighted pair groups method using arithmetic averages, principal coordinate, and structure analyses confirmed a high level of genetic diversity among the investigated genotypes in this work. The findings will help to plant breeders to characterize C. mas genotypes.
An in-depth study on post-harvest storage conditions depending on putrescine treatments of kiwifruit
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Taş, Akgül; Berk, Selma Kuru; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, Müttalip
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 mM) of putrescine treatments on the post-harvest weight loss, decay, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, respiration rate, L* , a* , b* , Chroma and hue angle and phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C content of kiwi (cv. Hayward. The fruits were kept in a cold storage at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity for 140 days. The weight loss, soluble solids content, increases in respiration rate and high decreases in fruit density, firmness, and titratable acidity were detected in the control group fruits during storage. Among the putrescine treatments, 1.2 mM concentration was observed to be more effective than other concentrations and providing better protection for organic acids, while treatment with 2.0 mM was determined to be providing more protection in preventing the loss of vitamin C. The dominant organic acid of kiwi was determined as citric acid, followed by malic acid, succinic acid and vitamin C. Similarly, it was determined that treatment with 2.0 mM putrescine prevented the loss of phenolic acid and flavonoid more than the control group and other treatments. It was determined that the most common compound found among phenolic acids in kiwi was protocatechuic acid, followed by chlorogenic acid. At day 140 of storage, the minimum change was observed in protocatechuic acid with the application of 1.6 mM putrescine dose, while chlorogenic acid and catechin were the most conserved compounds under treatment with of 2.0 mM.
Fruit quality characteristics of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) genotypes
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Orman, Erdal; Çelik, Kenan; Marc, Romina Alina
In this study, agro-morphological properties, phenoliccompounds,and organic acid contents in the fruits of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) genotypes naturally grown inTu''rkiye (Bolu) were determined. The fruit weights of genotypeswere found to be quite variable, ranging from 5.42 g (14MR05) to 12.54g (14MR07). The highest L*, a*,and b* fruit external color values were found tobe 34.65 (14MR04), 10.48 (14MR09), and 9.10 (14MR08), respectively.The highest chroma and hue values were recorded as 12.87 (14MR09)and 49.07 (14MR04), respectively. 14MR03 and 14MR08 genotypes exhibitedthe highest amount of soluble solid content and titratable acidity(TA) as 20.58 and 1.55%, respectively. The pH value was found to bein the range of 3.98 (14MR010)-4.32 (14MR04). Chlorogenic acid(14MR10, 48.49 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (14MR10, 36.93 mg/100 g), andrutin (14MR05, 36.95 mg/100 g) were predominant phenolic acids observedin the fruits of service tree genotypes. The predominant organic acidin all fruit samples was malic acid (14MR07, 34.14 g/kg fresh weightbasis), and the highest quantity of vitamin C was detected at 95.83mg/100 g in genotype 14MR02. Principal component analyses (%) wereperformed to determine the correlation between the morphological-physicochemical(60.6%) and biochemical characteristics of genotypes (phenolic compounds:54.3%; organic acids and vitamin C: 79.9%). It was determined thatmeasured genotypes were important genetic resources in terms of nutritionalvalue.
Molecular and technological characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from sourdough
(MDPI, 2023) Aydın, Furkan; Günen, Tacettin Utku; Kahve, Halil İbrahim; Güler, Emrah; Özer, Göksel; Aktepe, Yeşim; Çakır, İbrahim
DNA markers help detect the intraspecific genetic diversity of yeast strains. Eight ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) primers were used to assess the intraspecific diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (n = 96) from different populations (n = 3), evaluate the technological characteristics, and investigate trait-loci associations. The primers amplified 154 reproducible and scorable bands, of which 79.87% were polymorphic. The UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram clustered 96 isolates into two main clusters, supported by STRUCTURE HARVESTER results (Delta K = 2). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated significant genetic differences between (15%) and within the populations (85%) (p < 0.001). Twenty-nine genetically distinct strains were selected for the technological characterization. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that five strains with high fermentation capacity, leavening activity, high growth index at 37 degrees C, and harsh growth conditions were technologically relevant. Trait-loci association analyses indicated that the highest correlation (r = 0.60) was recorded for the fermentation capacity on the 8th and 113th loci, amplified by ISSR-1 and ISSR-6 primers, respectively (p < 0.05). The strains yielding high performances and the associated loci amplified by ISSR markers possess a high potential to generate locus-specific primers to target the strains with high fermentation capacity.
Morphometric traits and iPBS based molecular characterizations of walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes
(Springer, 2022) Başak, İbrahim; Özer, Göksel; Muradoğlu, Ferhad
In this study, walnut genotypes that were selected during two growing seasons among thousands of seedlings were analyzed in terms of detailed morphometric, phenological, and chemical traits. A multivariate analysis was conducted with valuable traits for breeding and selection such as morphometric traits, chemical composition, and phenological characteristics. Also, genotypes were characterized by a retrotransposon-based iPBS marker system. The correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations between agro-morphological characters. The principal component analysis explained 71.44% of the total variance into five main components. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis divided genotypes into three groups and identified subgroups based on both agro-morphological characters and iPBS marker systems. A high level of polymorphism ratio was observed for tested markers. Mantel's test demonstrated relatively low correlations between molecular and morphological treats (r = 0.04). The genetic similarities among all individuals ranged from 0.39 (between 018 and 015 or 045 genotypes) to 0.98 (between 090 and 094 genotypes) with a mean similarity of 0.67. Remarkable phenotypic and molecular variations were observed among the genotypes. The features of some investigated genotypes were above the acceptable thresholds for walnut selection in breeding programs, and our study indicated that iPBS markers can be beneficial in walnut breeding programs, allowing the evaluation of the genetic relationship between genotypes, helping to differentiate and select the best genotypes to improve agronomic properties.
Multivariate analysis of Turkish and foreign apricot cultivars based on biochemical components
(SPRINGER, 2022) Muradoğlu, Ferhad; Kayakeser, Utku
In this study, six domestic (Alyanak, Hacihaliloglu, Hasanbey, Kabaasi, Sakit, and Soganci) and four foreign apricot cultivars (Bebeco, Paviot, Colomer, and Tyrinthe) were investigated. All cultivars were collected from the collection orchard of Yuzuncu Yil University in Van province, Turkey. Fruit biochemicals such as sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were determined. The biochemical composition from ten samples obtained from domestic and foreign apricot cultivars was classified with multivariate analysis (principal component analysis [PCA] and hierarchical cluster analysis [HCA]) based on their sugar, organic acid, and phenolic compositions. Sucrose was the most abundant sugar in all cultivars, and Hasanbey had the highest sucrose. Bebeco comprised the group with the highest malic acid content. Chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid were higher in the domestic cultivars and Sakit and Soganci were the richest in terms of these substances. On the other hand, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, catechin, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and phloridzin were higher in the foreign cultivars, where Paviot, Bebeco, and Colomer came to the fore. According to the PCA and HCA results, the domestic and foreign cultivars were clustered into two main groups, and the Bebeco, Colomer, and Tyrinthe from foreign cultivars were in the sub-group of the second main group. These results could help plan future breeding programs and determine the fruit quality and nutritional content of domestic and foreign apricot cultivars'.
Incorporation of ascorbic acid in chitosan-based edible coating improves postharvest quality and storability of strawberry fruits
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Saleem, Muhammad Shahzad; Anjum, Muhammad Akbar; Naz, Safina; Ali, Sajid; Hussain, Sajjad; Canan, İhsan
Recent postharvest studies have shown that adding an antioxidative agent in a polysaccharide-based edible coating reduces postharvest losses and extends the shelf life of a coated fruit. Therefore, the effect of addition of ascorbic acid (AA, 1%) in chitosan-based coating (CH, 1%) on strawberry fruits under cold storage conditions at 4 +/- 1 degrees C and 85 +/- 5% RH was investigated for 15 days. It was observed that addition of AA in CH coating reduced weight loss, decay percentage, malondialdehyde content and hydrogen peroxide compared to CH alone. The combined CH + AA application also suppressed fruit softening by reducing cell wall degrading enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase, cellulase and pectin methyl esterase) activities. In addition, AA incorporation catalyzed ROS scavenging enzymes (i.e. ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) activities. CH + AA treatment also maintained fruit quality by conserving higher total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Sensory quality (color, taste, glossiness and overall acceptability) of fruits coated with CH + AA treatment was also stable during storage. Conclusively, the combined CH + AA application is an effective approach to maintain the postharvest quality of strawberry fruits under cold storage.

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