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Öğe Anxiolytic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of goji berry polysaccharides in ovariectomized rats: experimental evidence from behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2020) Pehlivan Karakaş, Fatma; Coşkun, Hamit; Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter GökçeRecent studies have indicated that polysaccharides, the main component of the Lycium barbarum L. fruit, have beneficial effects (e.g., anxiolytic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective) on humans and rodents. However, the effects of different dosages of such polysaccharides on ovariectomized rats and their underlying mechanisms in the brain have not been evaluated in the literature. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the high and low doses of polysaccharides obtained from Lycium barbarum fruits (HD-LBP and LD-LBP, respectively) on anxious behaviors via behavioral (using the OFT and EPM), biochemical (using ELISA), and immunohistochemical (using immunohistochemical staining) measures in detail. Two weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were randomly assigned to either the treatment conditions [control (DW, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), LD-LBP (20 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), HD-LBP (200 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), 17 beta-ES (1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), DZ(1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day)] or operation type [SHAM (pseudo-ovariectomized) and OVX (ovariectomized)]. The treatments were applied for 30 consecutive days, and then serum and brain tissue samples of all rats were collected. Biochemical (SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, and 17 beta-ES) and immunohistochemical (BDNF, SER, and apoptosis) analyses of the samples were performed as well. The rats administered HD-LBP and LD-LBP were less anxious than the control groups. The HD-LBP-treated rats had high levels of SOD and low levels of MDA in their serum samples. Moreover, HD-LBP and drug-treated groups had a high number of SER receptors and BDNF-positive cells and a low number of TUNEL-positive cells in their hippocampal brain tissues. The HD-LBP treatments decrease anxious behavior by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, hippocampal SER and BDNF neurotransmitter levels and decreasing the TUNEL-positive cell count of ovariectomized rats. Given these findings, we suggest that menopause-induced symptoms of anxiety can be reduced by polysaccharides obtained from goji berry fruits, and that these findings will be beneficial for the production studies of natural herbal-origin antianxiety (anxiolytic) drugs in the future.Öğe Can hyperoxic stress cause susceptibility to acute seizure in the neonatal period?: A rat study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Dilek, Mustafa; Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Hancı, Fatma; Taş, Sinan; Kabakuş, NimetObjective: Preterm neonates encounter hyperoxia relatively early, and are more exposed to hyperoxic stress due to their insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study was planned around the hypothesis that this hyperoxic effect may cause a disposition to future acute seizures. Methods: This study was composed of two main groups Hyperoxy and Control (Room air with normal O-2 levels) Groups. Group 1 - hyperoxia (Study): The experimental group consisted of premature newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia with their dams from birth to postnatal day 5. Group 2 - room air (Control): The group was not exposed to hyperoxia and housed the same room air and temperature as their dams. Female, Acute Epilepsy Female, Male, Acute Epilepsy Male, and a total of eight subgroups were formed in both the control and hyperoxia groups. When the rats were two months old, intracranial electrodes were attached to obtain electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings. Pre-model recordings were taken, after which an acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model of absence seizure was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of PTZ at 50 mg/kg. ECoG records were examined using the PowerLab system for 180 min. Spike wave number and duration, Spike wave frequency and amplitude data were evaluated.Results: Seven female and three male rats were exposed to hyperoxia, and a control group of five female and three male rats were included in the study. The median interquartile range for spike wave latency in the hyperoxia and control groups were 1112 (644-1545) and 654 (408-1152), frequency 4476 (3120-7421) and 3934 (2264-4704), and amplitude data 0.68 (0.59-0.79) and 0.52 (0.37-0.67), respectively. Although a difference was observed in median values capable of constituting susceptibility to epilepsy, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In terms of gender, spike-wave counts were significantly higher in female rats (p < 0.05). Females exposed to hyperoxia were more susceptible to epilepsy than both males and females in the control group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Exposure to hyperoxia in the first days of life of premature neonates due to their susceptibility to oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidant mechanisms, can cause a disposition to acute seizures. As a result, females exposed to hyperoxia during the neonatal period may be prone to epilepsy in maturity.Öğe A comparison of IL-17 and IL-34 concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy(Assoc Medica Brasileira, 2020) Soytürk, Hayriye; Yılmaz, MuratOBJECTIVE: The role of interleukins, such as IL-17 and IL-34, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been established in the literature. In the current study, we aimed to identify the concentrations of IL-17 (IL-17A, IL-17F) and IL-34 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (AIDN). METHODS: We included in this study 8 patients with CIDP (none of them receiving immunomodulatory or immunosuppressant therapy), 7 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS, AIDN), and 7 control subjects. The CIDP and AIDN diagnoses were made by clinical evaluation and electrophysiological investigations according to international criteria. CSF samples were obtained appropriately, and the levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 were higher in those with CIDP and AIDN compared to the controls (p=0.005, p=0.01, and p=0.001, respectively). While IL-34 levels were significantly higher in AIDN patients than in CIDP patients (p=0.04), there were no significant differences between the AIDN and CIDP groups with regard to the levels of IL-17A and IL-17F (p=0.4 and p=0.2, respectively) CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 levels may have a role in CIDP and AIDN. Furthermore, the difference in the IL-34 levels of patients with AIDN and CIDP may indicate an important difference between the pathogenesis of these two sets of the disease.Öğe The effect of intra-amygdalar leptin administration on anxiety, depression and learning behaviors in rats(Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2021) Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Coşkun, Hamit; Karakaş, Fatma PehlivanLeptin is released by adipose tissue. Leptin can cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to receptors on neurons in brain areas to exert its biological function when released into circulation. This study aimed to determine the influences of intra-amygdalar administration of high and low doses of leptin on anxiety, depression, learning behaviors of rats. In the experimental protocol I, intra-amygdalar injection of high and low doses of leptin (0.1 and 1?g/ kg) and saline were administered 30 min before the behavioral tests. Then, the animals were exposed to open field, elevated plus maze, Porsolt and Morris water maze tests for measuring of behaviors. In experimental protocol 2, the cerebrospinal fluids of all groups of experimental protocol 1 were collected by microdialysis method and then were analyzed by HPLC. The effect of the low dose of leptin was significant on the open field. The effect of the high and low dose of leptin was significant on the elevated plus maze test. The effect of the low dose of leptin was significant on mobility in the center of the Porsolt. A high dose of leptin group had spent less time around the platform than controls in the Morris water maze test. HPLC analysis showed that the amount of serotonin and glutamate in the amygdala region increased after low dose leptin administration. Intra-amygdalar injection of low doses of leptin may decrease anxiety and depression-like behavior in rats by increasing serotonin and glutamate levels in the amygdala. © 2021 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of KATP openers and blockers on AKT and mTOR mRNA levels in the hippocampus and cortex of rats with penicillin induced epilepsy(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources - NISCAIR, 2023) Ümit, Kılıç; Soytürk, HayriyeOpening or closing of K-ATP channels affects some signaling pathways in the brain. These signaling pathways are thought to be associated with epilepsy. Here, we investigated the effect of K-ATP channel opener and blocker on the AKT mTOR mRNA expressions in the hippocampus and cortex regions in the penicillin model of epilepsy in rats. Four groups were created viz. Control (C), Epilepsy (E), Epilepsy-Opener (E-O) and Epilepsy-Blocker (E-B). Epileptic focus was created by administering penicillin into the brain, and the seizure-related AKT, mTOR mRNA levels were determined by qPCR on days 1(st), 4(th), and 8(th) after the seizure. The AKT mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus were statistically significant (P <0.05) in the E 1(st) day group. mTOR mRNA expression levels were observed to be significantly higher in the E 1(st) day and 8(th) day groups than in control and all opener groups. (P <0.05). mTOR mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the E-B 1(st) day and 8(th) day group compared to the control and opener groups (P <0.05). AKT mRNA expression levels in the cortex were found to be statistically significantly higher in the E 1(st) day group than in the other groups. mTOR mRNA expression was significantly higher in the E 4(th) day group than in the control group. The results suggest that activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is effective in the development of epilepsy and that the effect of KATP channels on epilepsy may be via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Öğe The effects of ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) opener and blockers on Bcl-2, Bax, and Cyt-c gene expression levels in epileptic rats(Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2022) Kiliç, Ümit; Soytürk, HayriyeIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the gene expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and cytochrome c (Cyt-c), in the cortex region of pinacidil as a KATP channel opener and glibenclamide as a blocker on penicillin model epilepsy. Male Wistar-Albino rats were used. A total of 4 main groups were formed: Control, Epilepsy, Epilepsy-opener, and Epilepsy-blocker groups, then three-time points were formed subgroups (1st day, 4th, and 8th). 48 rats were used in total. The epileptic focus was created by intracortical administration of penicillin at a dose of 500 IU/2 ?l. Cortex is removed from all animals and cyt c, Bcl-2, and Bax gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. The SPSS 21 program was used for statistics. Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression levels were increased in the cortex regions of rats with epilepsy (p<0.05). Bcl-2, Bax gene expression levels, which increased due to epilepsy with the effect of KATP channels opened with pinacidil, returned to normal levels in the epilepsy opener group (p<0.05). Bcl-2 gene expression level, which was increased as a result of epilepsy due to the effect of KATP channels closed with glibenclamide, was higher than in the control and epilepsy-opener groups (p<0.05). Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression levels are increased in the cortex region due to epilepsy indicates that the apoptotic pathway could be activated. This study also It has been shown that the apoptotic pathway activated by epilepsy can be inactivated by pinacidil. © 2022 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of leptin on the cardiovascular system(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Kiliç, Ümit; Soytürk, Hayriye; Suveren, Eylem; Yildiz, AyşegülLeptin hormone is an adipokine released from adipose tissue that has recently gained interest due to its impact on the cardiovascular system as well as many other systemic effects. The obesity (ob) gene regulates leptin hormone release, which plays a role in body fat regulation. Obesity, which is defined by a rise in blood leptin levels, is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Because of the increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and the accompanying renin-angiotensin system, obesity produces a rise in extracellular fluid volume. The increase in sympathetic activity caused by hyperleptinemia is one of the reasons for obesity-related hypertension. One of the reasons for cardiovascular diseases in obesity is the interplay of angiotensin II, insulin, endothelin-A, and hyperleptinemia. Acute cardiovascular events, restenosis following coronary angioplasty, and cerebral palsy have all been linked to high leptin levels. In leptin-deficient mice, arterial thrombosis was shown to be minimal. As a result, inhibiting leptin activation could be a future therapy method for hyperleptinemic obese people to reduce the course of atherosclerosis. This book chapter will discuss the consequences of hyperleptinemia caused by high leptin serum levels and leptin receptor resistance in obesity on renal, cardiac, vascular, and sympathetic nervous system function, as well as their relationship to cardiovascular disease. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide administration on HCN1, KCNT1, Kir 6.1, SUR1 gene expressions in hippocampus and cortex regions in epileptic rats(Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2022) Kiliç, Ümit; Soytürk, HayriyeThe purpose of this study was to look into the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide on HCN1, KCNT1, Kir 6.1, and SUR1 gene expression in epileptic rats hippocampus and cortex. Male Wistar-Albino rats were used in this study. The drugs pinacidil and glibenclamide were utilized. Control, Epilepsy, Epilepsy-O, and Epilepsy-B were the five groups formed. The epileptic focus was created by intracortical administration of penicillin at a dose of 500 IU/2 ?l. Hippocampus and Cortex are removed from all animals and Kir 6.1, SUR1, HCN1, and KCNT1 gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. The SPSS 21 program was used for statistics. HCN1 gene expression level is equal in the hippocampus and cortex (p<0.05). KCNT1, SUR1, and KIR6.1 are more expressed in the hippocampus than in the cortex (p<0.05). In epilepsy groups, HCN1 gene expression level was found to be higher than KCNT1, SUR1, and KIR6.1 gene expression levels (p<0.05). KIR6.1, SUR1, gene expression levels decreased with the application of pinacidil and glibenclamide (p<0.05). SUR1 and KIR6.1 gene expression levels were considerably lower in the epilepsy pinacidil group compared to the other groups. The gene expression levels in the hippocampus were found to be considerably higher than in the cortex group, according to this study. The fact that HCN1 gene expression levels are significantly greater in both the brain and the hippocampus 24 hours following the commencement of epileptic convulsions suggests that preventive medication may be possible. © 2022 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: Behavioral and biochemical evidence(Medicinska Naklada, 2023) Soytürk, Hayriye; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Coşkun, Hamit; Fırat, TülinAim To assess the protective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides (LBP) on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods One hundred female Wistar albino rats (three months old) were randomly assigned either to ovariectomy (n = 50) or sham surgery (n = 50). After a 14-day recovery period, the groups were divided into five treatment subgroups (10 per group): high-dose LBP (200 mg/kg), low-dose LBP (20 mg/kg), imipramine (IMP, 2.5 mg/kg), 17 beta estradiol (E2, 1 mg/kg), and distilled water. Then, rats underwent a forced swimming test. We also determined the levels of serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde), E2 levels, hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 5HT2A receptor, and transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results Both low-dose LBP and imipramine decreased depression-like behavior by increasing serum superoxide dismutase activity and by decreasing serum malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, low-dose LPB, high-dose LBP, and imipramine increased the number of 5-HT2A receptor-and BDNF-positive cells but decreased the number of TUNELpositive cells in the hippocampus. Conclusion This is the first study to show the antidepressant effect of LBP. Although additional research is needed, LBP may be considered a potential new antidepressant.Öğe Nonsynonymous variations of ion channel-related genes as risk factors in epilepsy(Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2021) Biterge Süt, Burcu; Soytürk, HayriyeRecurrent seizures are characteristic to epilepsy, which often arise due to increased electrical activity. Ligand-gated ion channels are considered as key factors in epilepsy as they regulate and maintain neuronal membrane potential via regulating ion transportation. Therefore, this study aims to identify ion channel-related single nucleotide variations that are considered as risk factors in epilepsy and determine their potential effects on pathogenicity, protein stability and structure using in silico methods. For this purpose, ion channel-related mutations linked with epilepsy were retrieved from ClinVar. Pathogenicity scores and protein stability were predicted using FATHMM-XF and MUpro, respectively. Structural alterations were determined via HOPE server. We identified 17 epilepsy-related missense mutations, 11 of which were in ion channel-related genes. Nonsynonymous substitutions of p.E177A, p.D219N, p.A322D, p.R577Q, p.E282K, p.V831M and p.R1072C were determined as pathogenic, while all mutations resulted in varying degrees of decrease in overall protein stability. Furthermore, all variants were annotated with risk for disease and introduction of distinct side chains caused differences in size, charge and hydrophobicity, as well as contact with other proteins and ligands. In conclusion, mutations in ion channel-related genes were previously identified in several genetic association studies while their functional annotations were not addressed. The results of this study provide a functional explanation to the pathogenic effects of ion channel-related gene mutations that are considered as risk factors in epilepsy. © 2021 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe The physiological and pathophysiological role of leptin in neurological and behavioral disorders(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Soytürk, Hayriye; Kiliç, Ümit; Yildiz, AyşegülMany factors can impact behavioral problems, including genetic, physiological, structural, and psychological factors. The genesis of behavioral disorders is influenced by several elements as a result of this complicated relationship. Because hormones are so tightly linked to the brain and nervous system, behavioral issues might be hormonal. Because of receptor insensitivity, the number of hormones may drop or rise; the number of receptors may alter; and mutations may develop. Leptin is a hormone that is generated mostly by fatty tissue, although it can also be produced by the placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach, mammary epithelium, and brain tissue. The hypothalamus, one of the body's most important organs, regulates the hormone leptin's physiological role and systemic effect. The leptin hormone inhibits appetite while increasing energy consumption in the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus. Leptin has been shown to have both peripheral and central effects, interacting with the endocrine system and hence possibly impacting behavior. Eating disorders, schizophrenia, sleep, sexual behavior, depression, anxiety, anorexia nervosa, bipolar illness, borderline personality disorder, and alcohol use disorders have all been connected to leptin. According to studies, leptin has been linked to several behavioral illnesses, including depression. Furthermore, the interaction of antidepressants and antipsychotics with the hormone leptin has emerged as a new topic of research. The role of leptin in neurological and behavioral diseases is emphasized in this book chapter. The chapter discusses many features of leptin and emphasizes the significance of future research to better understand leptin's involvement in disease causes and therapy. © 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Research of the effects of katp channel openers and blockers on akt, mtor, bdnf, ngf gene expressions in hippocampus and cortex in rats with penicillin model experimental epilepsy(Wiley, 2022) Yıldız, Ayşegül; Yılmaz, Murat; Kılıç, Ümit; Soytürk, HayriyeMeeting abstract
