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Öğe Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran hastalarda 6 yıllık toxoplasma gondii seropozitifliğinin araştırılması(2018) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Karabörk, Şeyda; Çakmak, Mücahit; Orallar, Hayriye; Yaman, Kerem; Ayaz, ErolAmaç: Toxoplasma gondii, beyin, kalp, göz tutulumuna neden olabilen hücre içi parazit enfeksiyon etkenidir. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine Ocak 2010-Aralık 2016 yılları arasında Toxoplasmosis şüphesi ile başvuran Hastalarda T.gondii IgG ve IgM antikorlarının prevalansının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran kişilere ait 14262 serum örneğinde ELİSA yöntemi ile belirlenen anti-T.gondii IgM ve IgG antikorları ve IgG avidite testi retrospektif olarak araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: 13607’ü kadın (%95,4), 560’ü erkek (%3,9), 95’i ise bebek (%0,7) toplam 14262 bireyden T.gondii antikorlarının belirlemesi için istem yapılmıştır. IgG bakılan 4079 olguda %78’i negatif, %21’i pozitif, %0,8 grayzone belirlenmiştir. IgM bakılan 13671 olgunun %98’i negatif, %1,2’si pozitif, %0,5 grayzone belirlenmiştir. Avidite testine göre 135 olgunun IgG avidite test sonuçlarında 45 (%33) olgu düşük, 20 (%15) olgu sınır değer, 70 (%52) hastada yüksek avidite belirlenmiştir. IgG seropozitifliği erkek ve kadınlarda IgM pozitifliğine göre yüksek bulunmuştur. İstem yapılan olguların çoğunluğunun gebelik takibi nedeniyle Kadın Doğum kliniğinden (n=12588) (%88,3) istendiği, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları (n=540) (%3,8) ve Nöroloji (n=478) (%3,4) kliniklerinden T.gondii antikorlarının tespiti için istem yapıldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: T.gondii seropozitifliğinin ilimizde ihmal edilemeyecek ölçüde yaygın olduğu görülmüştür. Riskli grup içerisindeki olguların bu parazit açısından değerlendirilmeye alınması ve farkındalığın oluşturulması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Son yıllarda özellikle Nöroloji kliniğinde bu farkındalığın oluştuğu görülmüştür.Öğe Acute toxoplasmosis and antioxidant levels in the liver, kidney and brain of rats(NLM (Medline), 2018) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Yaman, Kerem; Orallar, Hayriye; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Karabörk, Şeyda; Ayaz, ErolToxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite which causes toxoplasmosis worldwide. There are limited treatment options against T. gondii infection. Once transmitted, T. gondii can spread to many organs in the body, including the brain, liver and kidneys. One of the most common signs of toxoplasmosis is a rise in oxidative stress. Therefore, our aim was to determine the antioxidant levels in the brain, liver and kidney of rats infected with this parasite. In the present study, 2–4-months old Wistar albino rats were infected intraperitoneally with 1 x 104 mL of RH strain of T. gondii dispersed in 0.9% NaCl. Post-infection after 30 days, the experiment was terminated, the rats were sacrified, and the blood, brain, liver and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined by ELISA assay. Increased SOD and GSH-Px levels were found in the liver of infected rats compared to controls; however, similar changes were not observed in other tested organs. These results suggest the increased oxidative stress caused by T. gondii infection can be efficiently alleviated, at least in the liver, by increased levels of antioxidant enzymes during post-infection. Further research will be required to determine the potential mechanisms of increasing antioxidant levels in the liver at 30 days post-infection, as well as the potential differences in antioxidant enzyme levels during the acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis.Öğe Ameliorating effect of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical exercise on acute penicillin induced seizures in gerbils(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2016) Çakır, Serkan; Orallar, Hayriye; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Kayacan, Yıldırım; Önal, Ali Can; Yıldırım, Arzu; Benek, Selim; Özkan, Murat; Okur, NezihBackground: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicillin induced epilepsy. in gerbils. Materal and Methods: Epilepsy was induced by administration of peniciline G (500 IU, ip). The gerbils were divided randomly in four groups (6 animals per each group) and studied as described below: 1) Control group 2) Exercise group (30 min/each day for 8 weeks) (Eg) 3) Extract group, 50mg/kg/day/animal in 1 ml saline, 3 h prior to exercise (Exe) 4) Exercise+ Extract + (Exe+ Ex). The severity of epilepsy was observed and recorded. Results: The means of latencies (Mean +/- SE) were 236 +/- 45, 369 +/- 36, 386 +/- 58 and 433 +/- 37 ms in groups of control, Exe, Ex, and Exe+ Ex respectively. The mean spike latency significantly (P= 0,033 F= 3,560) decreased in Exe, Ex and Exe+ Ex when compared control. Although spike frequency significantly (P< 0.05) diminished in groups of Exe and Ex, no significant decrease was observed in control and Exe+ Ex. Similar trend was seen for amplitude values. Spike amplitude values were determined to be significantly (P< 0.05) lower than those of control and Exe+ Ex. Conclusion: Crataegus oxyacantha extract has shown positive affect to ameliorate on some seizure parameters in this study. However, further more advanced physiologic and neurochemical studies are required to determine the mechanisms involved.Öğe Can excessive oxygen cause hyperactive behavior disorder in preterm children? Cognitive effects of hyperoxia in the preterm brain of rats(Springer, 2019) Dilek, Mustafa; Orallar, Hayriye; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Bozat, Gökçe; Pehlivan, Fatma; Bekdaş, Mervan; Kabakuş, NimetThere is a paucity of data on the effects of hyperoxia-induced brain damage on learning and such psychosocial phenomenon as anxiety. Preterm infants encounter hyperoxia within a relatively early stage of life (leaving the intrauterine environment earlier than was expected) and are exposed to high-level hyperoxic stress due to the insufficiency of their antioxidant defense mechanisms. In an experimental rat model, we investigated the effects of early postnatal hyperoxia on learning, anxiety, and depression in the early adulthood period. Rat nestlings (n = 7) were exposed to about 80% oxygen for the first 5 days after birth to create a rat model of hyperoxia, and these nestlings and those of the control group (n = 7) were subjected to behavioral tests (Morris water tank, open-field test, elevated plus maze, and Porsolt test) at 30 days old. Video recordings of the tests were captured, and indices of the tests in the experimental groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test. In the Morris water navigation task, the latency and distance required to locate the platform were greater (P = 0.018 and 0.025, respectively) in the hyperoxia group than in the control group, suggesting that exposure to hyperoxia during the development of the brain can exert a negative effect on the learning function. There was no difference in the time spent in the open center area of the open-field test (anxiety), while the rats in the hyperoxia group spent more time in the enclosed area in the elevated plus maze test, suggesting a higher level of anxiety (P = 0.048). In the Porsolt test, rats in the hyperoxia group moved faster (P = 0.013) and travelled a longer distance (P = 0.048). Although this finding suggests less depressive behavior in the mentioned group, which was contrary to the expectations, this may also explain the tendency of preterm infants to hyperactivity at later ages. Thus, it has been demonstrated experimentally that exposure of neonates to oxygen exceeding physiological needs may cause behavioral problems, such as impaired learning, anxiety, and hyperactivity.Öğe The effect of galanin and exercise on depression in rats(Wiley, 2017) Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Mermerci, Asuman; Özmerdivenli, Recep; Beyazçiçek, Özge; Orallar, Hayriye[No Abstract Available]Öğe Effects of an extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on a penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats(Springer, 2015) Bahadır, Anzel; Demir, Şerif; Orallar, Hayriye; Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Öner, FerideIn a penciling-induced epilepsy model, Wistar rats (16 males, 16 females) were i.p. administered with an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SmE; total dose 50 mg/kg) once a day for 15 days. The rats were divided into four equal groups, control and SmE-treated for each sex. After the treatment period, an epilepsy model was produced by penicillin G injection (500 IU) into the motor cortex; the electrocorticogram (EcoG) was recorded for 120 min, and statistical analysis was performed. In the male control group with penicillin-induced epilepsy, the spike frequency was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the female control group. The frequency values have been significantly (P < 0.01) increased within the observation period in the female SmE-treated group, while the respective values significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the analogous male group. There were insignificant differences in the amplitude values and latency to onset of the spike/wave events between female/male SmE and female/male control groups (P > 0.05). Thus, the SmE exerts anticonvulsant effects in the male rat group, while its effect should be characterized as proconvulsant in the female group in the penicillin-induced epilepsy model. The difference (related to the presence of estrogen analogs in the SmE) is determined by dissimilar hormonal backgrounds in males and females. The SmE may be considered as the base for development of anticonvulsant drugs for clinical therapy of epilepsy in the future.Öğe The effects of ATP –dependent potassium channel (KATP) agonist and antagonists on Penicillin G induced epilepsy model in rats(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2014) Orallar, Hayriye; Bozdoğan, Ömer; Demir, ŞerifEpilepsi dünyada görülme oranı yüksek olan nörolojik bir hastalıktır. Ani, şiddetli, ritmik, anormal elektriksel deşarjlarla karakterizedir. İnhibitör ve eksitatör sistem arasındaki dengenin eksitatör tarafa bozulması sonucu olusan hipersenkronizasyon ile karakterizedir. Nöbetlerin moleküler mekanizması tam olarak bilinmemesine rağmen nöbetlerin kontrolünde ATP bağımlı potasyum kanallarının rolü olduğu gösterilmiştir. ATP bağımlı potasyum kanalları nöronların eksitator nörotransmitter salınımını düzenler. Nöbetin kontrolünde ATP bağımlı potasyum kanalları çok önemi rol oynar. KATP kanaları birçok dokuda bulunur. Örnegin kardiyak miyositlerde, pankreatik beta hücrelerinde, kas hücrelerinde birçok fizyolojik role sahiptir. Birçok çalşmada kronik epilepsi modellerinde KATP kanallarının nöbet kontrolünde etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. KATP agonistlerinin nöbet eşiğini arttırdığı ve antagonistlerinin de azalttığı, yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konmuştur. İstatistiki verilere göre epilepsi hastalığının dişi ve erkek bireylerde görülme oranı eşittir. Çalışmanın amacı KATP kanal agonist (opener) ve antagonistlerinin (bloker) penisilin modeli deneysel epilepsi üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada wistar albino cinsi erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Kontrol, nöbet öncesi ve nöbet sırası olmak üzere üç ana grup oluşturuldu. Epilepisi 500 IU 2.5 µl penisilinin intrakortikal verilmesi ile oluşturuldu. Çalısmanın birinci aşamasında mitokondriyal KATP açıcısı olan bepridil ve P1075 in etkili dozları saptandı. İkinci aşamada HMR 1098 (sarkolemmal KATP bloker-3 mg / kg ) ve 5HD ( mitokondriyal KATP blokerı-10 mg / kg ) nöbet öncesi ve nöbet sırasında verildi ve epileptik diken dalgaların frekansı ve genlikleri saptandı. Gruplar arasındaki farlılıklar ANOWA ile değerlendirildi. Post hoc testi olarak ise LSD kullanıldı. P < 0.05 değerleri anlamlı olarak kabul edildi. P1075 0.1 mg / kg ve bepridil 10 mg / kg nöbet öncesi uygulandığında nöbeti geciktirmiştir (p < 0.05) . Bepridil nöbet öncesinde ve sırasında 1 mg / kg dozda uygulandığında diken dalga frekansını kontrole göre azaltmıştır (p<0.05). P1075 nöbet öncesinde ve sırasında 0.1 mg / kg dozda diken dalga sayısını kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azaltmıştır. P1075'in 0.5 mg / kg dozda ise nöbeti erken sonlandırmıştır. 5HD ve HMR 1098 gruplarında nöbete başlama zamanları kontrole göre değişmemiştir. 5HD ve HMR 1098 nöbet öncesinde ve nöbet sırasında uygulandığında diken dalga frekansını kontrole göre artırmıştır (p < 0.05). Bu sonuçlara göre KATP kanal kapatıcısı penisilin modeli deneysel epilepside nöbet şiddetini belirleyen diken dalga sayısını artırırken. KATP kanal açıcısı P1075 ve bepridil diken dalga sayısını azaltmıştır (p < 0.05). Aynı zamanda Bepridil ve P1075 nöbeti geciktirirken HMR 1098 ve 5HD nöbete başlamayı kolaylaştırmıştır. Sonuç olarak Hem sarkolemmal hemde mitokondrial KATP açıcılar epilepsi üzerinde koruyucu etkiye sahipken kapatıcılar ise epileptik aktiviteyi ve süresini artırmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Epilepsy, mito KATP, sarc KATP, Bepridil, 5-HD, P-1075, HMR-1098Öğe The effects of leptin administration to amygdala region on anxiety, depression and learning behaviors: change in seretonine and glutamate levels(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Orallar, Hayriye; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Coşkun, HamitAIM: Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and involved in modulation of food intake. In addition to these functions, it plays a role in various physiological events such as anxiety, depression and learning. The aim of this study was the investigation of effects of leptin administration to amygdala on anxiety, depression and learning behaviors. In addition, changing of serotonin and glutamate neurotransmitter levels interaction between behavior. METHODS: Presentstudy used Wistar albino rats. Animals were separated 3 groupssuch aslow dose (0.1µg/kg) and high dose (1µg/kg) leptin and saline (control) intraamigdalar administration group. In thisstudy, we planned two procedures. Firstly, a special cannula was implanted into amygdala region of rats and leptin and saline were injected in thisregion by infusion pump. After leptin injections, behavioral tests were performed. In the second study, the extracellular fluid was collected by microdialysis from the amygdale region.The levels of serotonin and glutamate were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: The first experiment demonstrated that in the open field, low dose leptin administrated rats spent more time at the center (F(2,57)= 3.97 p=0.02), showed more zone transition than control ones (F(2,57)= 3.22 p=0.04). In the elevated plus maze, high and low doses leptin administrated rats spent more time in the open arms(F(2,55)= 6.77 p=0.002) and also high dose leptin injected rats showed more frequency of entering open arms (F(2,55)= 9.97 p=0.001). In Porsolt test, low dose leptin administrated ratsshowed high mobility in center than sham group (F(2,55)= 4.30 p=0.02). In the Morris water maze, low dose leptin administrated rats spent more time over the platform (F(2,45)= 3.50 p=0.04). The second experiment demonstrated that serotonin and glutamate levels increased in the first hour after the leptin injections (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Present study suggests that both high and low leptin administration to rat brain playsa role as anxiolytic and antidepression agents in ratsÖğe The effects of lycium barbarum l. polysaccharides on learning behaviors of young ovariectomized female rats(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Bozat, Bihter Gökçe; Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Orallar, Hayriye; Coşkun, HamitAIM: Lycium barbarum Linnaeus is also known as goji berry, wolfberry or super fruit. The red-orange and sweet fruits of goji berryhave been used in herbal medicine and health food for the thousand years. L. barbarum fruits have polysaccharides which have many beneficial effects for human such as ocular neuroprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulator, hepatic pretection and antitumor effects. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the effects of the L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on learning behavior in ovariectomized young female rats(two months age) using the Morris water maze test. METHODS: Two weeks after ovariectomy applications, rats were divided into five groups: control (distile water 3 mL/kg, gavage, per day), low dose LBP (20 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, gavage, per day), high dose LBP (200 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, gavage, per day), estrogen (1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, gavage, per day) and donepezil (1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, gavage, per day) and two subgroup within the each group: sham (pseudo ovariectomized rat) and overiectomized groups. After all treatments were applied for thirty consecutive days, behavioral test was applied. Blood serum samples of all rats were collected and levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA and E2) of the samples were detected by ELISA method. All animals weights were measured weekly. RESULTS: The findings of the present experiment demonstrated that platform finding time and travelled distance of the LBP administred ovariectomized groups were less than estrogen and donepezil administred groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, LBP enhances the learning performance and antioxidant enzyme activity of ovariectomized female rats.Öğe The effects of nigella sativa extract and chronic exercise application on penicillin-induced epilepsy model in Mongolian gerbils(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Demir, Şerif; Orallar, Hayriye; Kayacan, Yıldırım; Beyazçiçek, ErsinAim: To evaluate the role of treadmill exercise on the oxidative stress in Mongolian gerbils with penicillin-induced epilepsy. Methods: This experimental study included 18 male Mongolian gerbils which were divided into three groups; sham-control group, penicillin group (500 units) and exercise + penicillin (500 units) group. Each animal group was composed of six Mongolian gerbils. The epileptiform activity was verified by electrocorticographic recordings. Results: The latency of the penicillin+exercise group was longer than the penicillin group, but this difference was not statistically significant. Following the penicillin administration, spike wave frequencies of epileptiform activity in the 10, 30, and 35 minutes were significantly lower in the penicillin+exercise group, compared with the penicillin group. There were generally significant decreases in the spike wave amplitude medians in the penicillin+exercise groups compared with the penicillin group in all time periods between 0 and 5 minutes. The serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in the penicillin+exercise group compared with those in the penicillin group. Conclusion: The results of present study indicate that regular exercise may contribute to the amelioration of epileptic activity by increasing the antioxidant effect. Keywords: Penicillin-induced epilepsy; treadmill exercise; oxidative stress; Mongolian gerbilsÖğe Effects of the ATP-dependent K (+)-channel effectors pinacidil and glibenclamide on liver tissue in an experimental model of epilepsy: A histopathological study(2022) Düzcü, Selma Erdoğan; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Orallar, Hayriye; Demir, ŞerifAim: It is known that most of the antiepileptic drugs have negative effects on the liver. Pinacidil is a\rnonselective opener of KATP channels, including the plasma membrane and mitochondria. Glibenclamide is\ran ATP -dependent K channel blocker ensuring the intake of calcium. Our aim in this experimental study was\rto examine the effects of pinacidil and glibenclamide on the liver tissue of rats with focal epilepsy.\rMethod: Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats (2-4 months old, 200-250 gr) were used in the study. The rats were\rdivided into 4 groups, 15 in each group. The groups were divided into control group, penicillin group, penicillin\r+ pinacidil group and penicillin + glibenclamide group. The craniums of the rats in the control group were\ropened and normal saline was given; Penicillin (2 ?l 500 IU) was intracortically administered to other groups\rand an experimental epilepsy model was created. At the end of the study, liver tissue of rats was taken and\revaluated in terms of vacuolar degeneration, lymphocyte infiltration, vascular congestion, sinusoidal\rdilatation, necrosis, and Kupffer cell proliferation, radial alignment of hepatic cords, central vein and portal\rvein dilatation in hepatocytes.\rResults: Venous congestion, cytoplasmic vacuolization, Kupffer cell proliferation, portal vein dilatation and\rnecrosis were distinct in the group to which pinacidil was administered, and distortion was present in the radial\rsequence (p<0.001). In addition, inflammation, venous congestion and hepatocyte necrosis were found to be\rlower in the glibenclamide given group compared to the control group (p<0.001).\rConclusion: It can be suggested that pinacidil treatment caused negative results in liver histopathological\rparameters, whereas glibenclamide was more protective by reducing inflammation, venous congestion and\rhepatocyte necrosis.Öğe Electrophysiological evaluation of the effect of minoxidil on penicillin-g-Induced epilepsy in rats(Wiley, 2019) Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Gökdaş, Serhat; Orallar, Hayriye; Fırat, Tülin; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Fidan, Esra[No Abstract Available]Öğe Evaluation of the effect of galanin and exercise on anxiety in rats by open field and elevated plus maze tests(Duzce University Medical School, 2018) Mermerci , Asuman; Özmerdivenli, Recep; Orallar, Hayriye; Beyazçiçek, Ersin; Sungur, Mehmet AliAim: Anxiety, known as worry, considered normal in everyday life, and also it is a type of behavior developed to protect the organism. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exogenous galanin given with exercise on anxiety. Material and Methods: In this study 96 adult male Wistar Albino rats were used. Rats were divided into 8 groups with twelve animals, and 4 of the groups were given regular exercise for 6 weeks. Galanin was administered intraperitoneally (IP) and intracerebroventricular (ICV) in half of the groups and saline was injected into the control group of each group with the same methods. At the end of the sixth week, open field and elevated plus maze tests were applied to the rats, and these tests recorded with the camera. The recordings of the both tests were analyzed, and total distance and speed values, the time spent in the open field test and the time spent in the closed arm of elevated plus maze were compared. Results: In the open field test were determined that in general, the total distance (p<0.001) and the speed increased (p<0.001) in rats injected with ICV compared to the rats injected with IP. There is no significant difference was detected in terms of exercise and galanin interaction. Also the total distance (p=0,032) and the speed increased (p=0,010) in rats injected with ICV compared to the rats injected with IP. In elevated plus maze test, exercise and galanin interaction were not found to be statistically significant, however the interaction between the injection pattern and the given substance was found to be significant in terms of time spent in the closed arm (p=0.020) and speed (p=0.032). Conclusion: Although it has been shown that central administration of galanin may have anxiolytic activity, this effect has not changed with exercise, and also it has been determined that exercise with galanin has no effect on this activity. © 2018, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved.Öğe Gender Specificity of Genistein Treatment in Penicillin-Induced Epileptiform Activity in Rats(Springer, 2016) Bahadır, Anzel; Demir, Şerif; Orallar, Hayriye; Beyazçicek, Ersin; Çetinkaya, AyhanWe investigated gender-dependent differences of genistein (isoflavone phytoestrogen) treatment in a penicillin-induced experimental epilepsy rat model. Twenty-eight adult Wistar Albino rats (14 females and 14 males) were devided into four groups, control and genistein-treatmed males and females. Genistein (100 mu g/kg, i.p) or saline was given during 15 days before the electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings. The epileptiform activity was induced by penicillin G potassium salt (500 IU) injections into the left somatomotor cortex. Significant differences among the groups were found in the latency to onset of epileptiform activity. This value in the female control group was significantly longer than the latencies in the male control, male genistein, and female genistein groups (respectively, P = 0.002, 0.015, and 0.032). There were no significant differences regarding the spike/wave frequencies and amplitudes in epileptiform activity between female/male genistein and control groups within all observation intervals (P > 0.05). Thus, genistein exerts a proconvulsant effect in the penicillin-induced epilepsy model, and the effect demonstrates the clear gender specificity related to the specificity of hormonal backgrounds in males and females.Öğe Investigation of a 6-year seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in Abant Izzet Baysal University Educational Research Hospital(2018) Aydın Türkoğlu, Şule; Karabörk, Şeyda; Çakmak, Mücahit; Orallar, Hayriye; Yaman, Kerem; Ayaz, ErolOBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in patients who were admitted in Abant İzzet Baysal University Education and Research Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016 with a suspicion of toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies and IgG avidity test determined by ELISA method in 14,262 serum samples belonging to the Abant İzzet Baysal University Education and Research Hospital were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: IgG was detected in 4079 serum samples with 78% negative, 21% positive, and 0.8% gray zone. IgM was detected in 13,671 cases with 98% negative, 1.2% positive, and 0.5% gray zone. (3.8%, n=540) and neurology (3.4%, n=478) patients who were referred to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic (88.3%, n=12,588) for the majority of the cases requested for the detection of T. gondii antibodies. It has been found that a request has been made. CONCLUSION: The seropositivity of T. gondii has been found to be so large that it should not be ignored. It has come to the conclusion that the events in the risk group should be taken into consideration for this parasite, and awareness should be established. In recent years, this awareness has been observed, especially in neurology clinics.Öğe Investigation of anxiolytic effects of meprobamate for pharmaceuticals determination of a new derivative of mepronarilmate composes(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Orallar, Hayriye; Ordu, Öznur Demir; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Coşkun, Hamit; Ayaz, Erol[No Abstract Available]Öğe Investigation of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-34 Levels of Patient with Multiple Sclerosis and Pseudotumor Cerebri(2021) Orallar, Hayriye; Karabörk, Şeyda; Türkoğlu, Şule AydinObjective: Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination of brain tissue and central nervous system. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the interleukin (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-34 cytokine) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (n=23), radiologically isolated syndrome (n=5) and pseudotumor cerebri (n=15) cases. In this study, lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the patients who were diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis aged between 21-55. The PTC group included patients with pseudotumor cerebri aged 28-60 years. The levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-34 cytokines were determined by ELISA kit. Results: In this study, Among the studied cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid samples of the patients, median (min-max) values of IL-17A for the Demyelinated group and pseudotumor cerebri group were 50 (7-257) pg/ml and 2 (1-6) pg/ml respectively, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) has been observed in between the two groups. Median (minmax) values of IL-17F for the Demyelinated group and pseudotumor cerebri group were 32 (6-891) pg/ml and 2 (1-3) pg/ml respectively, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) has been observed between the two groups. Median (min-max) values of IL-34 for Demyelinated group and pseudotumor cerebri group were 16 (4-197) pg/ml and 2 (1-11) pg/ml respectively, a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) has been observed in between the two groups (Lower limit for the cytokine values have been determined as IL-17A: 3,93 pg/ml, IL-17F: 2,23 pg/ml, IL-34: 3,12 pg/ml). IL-34, was found to be high in Multiple sclerosis patients. This is important for the cerebral endothelial reaction in Multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: The high levels of IL-34 in cerebrospinal fluid samples suggest that it may be a new treatment strategy and an adjunct cytokine in the diagnosis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and demyelinating disease. More extensive studies are needed to determine whether IL-34 can be a marker in the return of the disease from radiologically isolated syndrome to clinical MS.Öğe Spinal reflexes in restless legs syndrome(Wiley, 2017) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Orallar, Hayriye; Bolaç, Elif Sultan; Yıldız, Serpil; Yıldız, Nebil[No Abstract Available]Öğe Sıçanlarda nöropeptid Y nin penisilin modeli deneysel epilepsi üzerine etkileri(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2006) Orallar, Hayriye; Gökçe, FatihÖZETEpilepsi merkezi sinir sisteminin en yaygın hastalıklarından birisidir. Merkezi sinirsisteminin bir kısmının veya tümünün denetlenemeyen aşırı aktivasyonu ile karakterize birtablodur. Nöronların patolojik olarak eş zamanlı ve kontrolsüz deşarjları tüm epilepsitürlerinde ortaktır ve bunun altında yatan mekanizma henüz bilinmemektedir. Epileptik nöbetesnasında eksitasyon ve inhibisyon arasındaki denge eksitasyon tarafına kaymaktadır ve buolaylar esnasında bir çok nörotransmitter madde salınmaktadır. Bu nörotransmitterlerin birkısmı eksitasyonu arttırırken bir kısmı ise azaltmaktadır. Eksitasyonu azaltan maddelerdenbiri de endojen antikonvülsan olan, merkezi sinir sistemi'nde (MSS) çok miktarda bulunan veçok değişik fonksiyonlara sahip olan nöropeptid Y (NPY) dir. NPY, 1982 yılında Tatemoto veMutt tarafından bulunmuştur. 36 amino asitten oluşan NPY'nin beş tane fonksiyonelreseptörü vardır. GABA-erjik internöronlarda GABA ile birlikte üretilir ve depolanır.Epilepsinin oluşumunda kalsiyum iyonlarının çok önemli rol oynadıkları ileri sürülmektedir.Kalsiyumun hücre içine girişi, eksitatör nörotransmitterlerin salgılanmasına neden olmaktadır.Yapılan in vitro çalışmalarda NPY'nin presinaptik terminallerdeki kalsiyum akışını (Toth veark.,1993) ve hipokampal kesitlerde glutamat salınımını baskıladığı görülmüştür (Greber veark.,1994). Bu çalışmada NPY'nin basit parsiyel epilepsi modellerinden olan penisilin modeliepilepsi üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. Bu çalışmayı planlarken amacımız, bir çok deneyselepilepsi modelinde anti epileptik olan NPY'nin bu model üzerinde de antiepileptik olupolmadığını anlamak ve NPY'nin etki mekanizmasını açıklayabilmekti. Bu çalışma için 230-270 gr ağırlığında erkek albino Wistar cinsi sıçanlar kullanıldı. Hayvanlar iki gruba ayrıldı.Grup 1 NPY grubu ve grup 2 kontrol grubu olarak kabul edildi. Beyin elektrokortikografik(ECoG) biyoelektriksel potansiyelleri ise PowerLab/8SP veri kayıt ve analiz sistemi ilekaydedildi. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak independent T test ile değerlendirildi. Farklızamanlarda her iki grupta da ölçülen hem amplitüdler hem de diken dalga sayısıkarşılaştırıldığında NPY grubunda anlamlı bir düşüş görülmüştür. Amplitüdlerdeki düşüşünNPY grubunda 40-45. dakikadaki ölçümlerden sonra daha fazla olduğu ve diken dalgasayısının ise 50-55. dakikalardaki ölçümlerden sonra NPY grubunda daha düşük olduğuistatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak diğer epilepsi modellerindeolduğu gibi penisilin modeli epilepside de NPY'nin epileptik nöbetleri inhibe ettiğigörülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Nöropeptid Y, epilepsi, elektrokortikografi (ECoG), GABA, glutamat, anti-konvülsan etkiÖğe Toxoplasma gondii and Epilepsy(2016) Ayaz, Erol; Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Orallar, HayriyeToxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite can be seen in all the vital organ; in the acute phase, it can be found in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, tears, saliva, urine, and in almost all body fluids. Transplasental infection can lead to fetal damage and miscarriage. Its last hosts are felines and intermediate hosts are all mammals, including humans. People infected by the ingestion of meat containing cysts in undercooked or raw, are thrown oocysts with cat felines By taking in water and food, from mother to fetus transplacental way, the infected organ transplantation, blood transfusion, laboratory accidents and kaprofaj transmitted by mechanical vectors of the invertebrates. Suppression of the immune system is being transformed to the shape and texture of the cysts with bradyzoite. The parasite settles in the cells of the tissue cysts and causes change in the cellular mechanisms, such as cytokinin task. Depending on changes and type of neurotransmitter (GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine) levels in CSF in ions (Ca, K, Cl, Mg), it is believed that there is a change in their concentration. In this review, literature about the relationship between T. gondii and epilepsy and epileptiform activity the importance of parasites, which settle in the brain, will be highlighted.
