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Ameliorating effect of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical exercise on acute penicillin induced seizures in gerbils
(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2016) Çakır, Serkan; Orallar, Hayriye; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Kayacan, Yıldırım; Önal, Ali Can; Yıldırım, Arzu; Benek, Selim; Özkan, Murat; Okur, Nezih
Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicillin induced epilepsy. in gerbils. Materal and Methods: Epilepsy was induced by administration of peniciline G (500 IU, ip). The gerbils were divided randomly in four groups (6 animals per each group) and studied as described below: 1) Control group 2) Exercise group (30 min/each day for 8 weeks) (Eg) 3) Extract group, 50mg/kg/day/animal in 1 ml saline, 3 h prior to exercise (Exe) 4) Exercise+ Extract + (Exe+ Ex). The severity of epilepsy was observed and recorded. Results: The means of latencies (Mean +/- SE) were 236 +/- 45, 369 +/- 36, 386 +/- 58 and 433 +/- 37 ms in groups of control, Exe, Ex, and Exe+ Ex respectively. The mean spike latency significantly (P= 0,033 F= 3,560) decreased in Exe, Ex and Exe+ Ex when compared control. Although spike frequency significantly (P< 0.05) diminished in groups of Exe and Ex, no significant decrease was observed in control and Exe+ Ex. Similar trend was seen for amplitude values. Spike amplitude values were determined to be significantly (P< 0.05) lower than those of control and Exe+ Ex. Conclusion: Crataegus oxyacantha extract has shown positive affect to ameliorate on some seizure parameters in this study. However, further more advanced physiologic and neurochemical studies are required to determine the mechanisms involved.
BILDIRCIN YEMLERİNDE İÇ CEVİZ, CEVİZ YAŞ KABUĞU VE YAPRAĞI KULLANIMININ YUMURTA KABUK VE YUMURTA SARISI RENGİNE ETKİLERİ
(2017) Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yaman, Ahmet; Okur, Nezih; Karadeniz, Turan
Bu araştırmada ceviz (iç ceviz) ve ceviz yan ürünlerinin(ceviz yeşil kabuğu ve ceviz yaprağı) bıldırcın yemlerinde katkı maddesi olarak kullanımının yumurta sarısı ve yumurta kabuğu rengine etkileri araştırılmıştır. 3 hafta süren araştırmada 15 adet dişi damızlık Japon bıldırcını (Coturnix coturnix japonica) ve bu bıldırcınlardan elde edilen toplam 210 yumurta kullanılmıştır. Bu bıldırcınlara 3 hafta boyunca kurutulmuş ceviz yeşil kabuğu (1 kg/ton), kurutulmuş ceviz yaprağı (1 kg/ton) ve iç ceviz(1 ve 2.5 kg/ton) katılmış yem verilmiştir. Elde edilen yumurtalarda Lkabuk, Lsarı, asarı ve bsarı değerleri incelenmiştir. Yemlerinde ceviz yaprağı ve ceviz yeşil kabuğu (kali) kullanılan bıldırcınlardan elde edilen yumurta sarılarının iç ceviz kullanılanlara göre daha yüksek a değerlerine aship olduğu ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak da önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde ceviz yaprağı grubunda b değerleri de iç ceviz grubundan (1 kg/ton) önemli derecede (p<0.05) daha yüksek olmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda özellikle ceviz yaprağının yumurta yemlerinde yem katkısı olarak kullanma potansiyeline sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu potansiyelin daha belirgin bir şekilde ortaya konulabilmesi için özellikle işleme teknolojisi ve kullanım dozu gibi konularda daha ayrıntılı çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulduğu düşünülmektedir
Effect of different hatchery practices on Pekin Duck
(2016) Okur, Nezih; Akbay, Rüveyde
Bu araştırmada, entansif şartlarda yetiştirilen Pekin ördeklerinde kuluçka randımanının iyileştirilmesi amacıyla birbirinden bağımsız üç deneme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kuluçka randımanını yükseltmek amacıyla, kuluçkalık ördek yumurtalarında, depolama süresi(0-7 gün ve 7-14 gün), yumurta temizliği(temiz, yıkanmış ve kirli) ve spreylemenin etkisi incelenmiştir. Temiz, yıkanmış ve kirli yumurtalardaki kuluçka randımanı sırasıyla %69.38, %62 ve %54.9 olmuştur. 0-7 gün depolanan yumurtalarda %69.49, 7-14 gün depolananlarda %56.7 kuluçka randımanı elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca kuluçka randımanı, spreylenen yumurtalarda %70, spreylenmeyenlerde %58.4 olmuştur. Muamele grupları arasındaki fark istatistik açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur (P>0.05). Bununla birlikte, spreyleme uygulandığı takdirde, 0-7 gün depolanan temiz yumurtalarda en yüksek randımanın alınabileceği açıkça görülmektedir.
Effect of eggshell color on the egg characteristics and hatchability of guinea fowl (numida meleagris) eggs
(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2016) Eleroğlu, Hasan; Yıldırım, Arda; Duman, Mustafa; Okur, Nezih
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of eggshell color of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) eggs on eggshell quality and hatchery results. The highest mean grey value (MGV), integrated density (ID), lightness (L*) and Hue angle (H*) values were obtained in eggs with lighter eggshell color. The effects of color difference (Delta E*) value levels on egg characteristics were evaluated. Eggshell color presented different (p<0.01) MGV, ID, L*, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), H* and Chroma (C*) values. Eggs with lighter color presented thicker eggshells and lower egg weight loss on day 25 of incubation (p<0.05) compared with intermediate and darker eggs. Eggshell color did not have any significant effect on fertility and hatchability (p>0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, eggshell color influenced eggshell thickness and weight loss, but not hatching parameters of guinea fowl eggs. Further studies on this subject should be carried out.
Effect of high shell temperature and position in the incubator on embryonic mortality and hatchability of fertile broiler eggs
(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2017) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yaman, Ahmet
The effects of high egg shell temperature (EST), egg position in incubator and egg weight on embryonic mortality and hatchability of fertile eggs from a broiler parent stock were investigated in this study. Egg weight was determined in a total 1920 hatching eggs, which were obtained from middle-aged (39 weeks old) Ross 308 broiler breeders. These eggs were classified according to weight as light (60.3 +/- 0.04 g), medium (64.4 +/- 0.0 g) and heavy (68.8 +/- 0.1 g). They were randomly set in trolleys of 4 identical incubators sorted as near the heather side -door side, humidifier side opposite side and top - middle - bottom. The incubators were operated from the beginning to the end of the incubation period to provide 4 different high EST values of 100.5 degrees F, 101.0 degrees F, 101.5 degrees F and 102 degrees F. At the end of the hatching period, data on embryo mortality and hatchability of fertile eggs were examined. It was found that high EST and different egg positions affected embryonic mortality and hatchability of fertile eggs. In eggs with higher EST, higher (P<0.05) mid and late stage embryo mortality rates and consequently, lower (P<0.05) hatchability of fertile eggs were found in comparison to other groups. Similarly, the eggs placed in the top trays had higher (P<0.05) late stage embryo mortality than the ones in the bottom trays. This is thought to be due to high EST. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in embryonic mortality and hatchabilty of fertile eggs according to egg weights. High EST (100.5 degrees F, 101.0 degrees F, 101.5 degrees F and 102 degrees F) increases the embryonic mortality especially in the last period and consequently decreases hatchability of fertile eggs. As EST increases, it can have even more detrimental effects depending of the position of the egg in the incubator.
Effects of egg shell temperature and incubator ventilation programme on incubation results of broiler breeders
(2018) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Eleroğlu, Hasan
The impacts of egg weight (EW), egg shell temperature (EST), egg position in the incubator (EP) and incubator ventilation program (IVP) on embryonic mortality (EM) and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) of broiler breeders were investigated in this study. EW was determined total 1920 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle aged (31 weeks) Ross 308 broiler breeders. These eggs were classified according to weight as heavy (65.52±0.08g), medium (61.47±0.04g) and light (57.56±0.08g) then were randomly set in trolleys of four identical incubators sorted as near the heather side – door side, humidifier side – opposite side and top – middle – bottom. In two incubators 37.78°C (100.0°F) EST and 38.06°C (100.5°F) EST were provided in the other two. Similarly, two machines were operated on classic IVP system and the other two were operated on new IVP system organised specially for this project during first 10 days of incubation. At the end of the hatching period, data including EM and HFE data were examined in eggs with different EST, EW and EP. It was found that EW and EST were affected to EM and HFE. Lower last stage + pipped but unhatched embryo rates and accordingly higher HFE were determined in eggs with 37.78°C (100.0°F) EST and light. However, differences between IVP and EP data were not significant.
Effects of Egg Shell Temperature and Incubator Ventilation Programme on Incubation Results of Broiler Breeders
(2018) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Eleroğlu, Hasan
The impacts of egg weight (EW), egg shell temperature (EST), egg position in theincubator (EP) and incubator ventilation program (IVP) on embryonic mortality (EM)and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) of broiler breeders were investigated in this study.EW was determined total 1920 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle aged (31weeks) Ross 308 broiler breeders. These eggs were classified according to weight asheavy (65.52±0.08g), medium (61.47±0.04g) and light (57.56±0.08g) then wererandomly set in trolleys of four identical incubators sorted as near the heather side – doorside, humidifier side – opposite side and top – middle – bottom. In two incubators37.78°C (100.0°F) EST and 38.06°C (100.5°F) EST were provided in the other two.Similarly, two machines were operated on classic IVP system and the other two wereoperated on new IVP system organised specially for this project during first 10 days ofincubation. At the end of the hatching period, data including EM and HFE data wereexamined in eggs with different EST, EW and EP. It was found that EW and EST wereaffected to EM and HFE. Lower last stage + pipped but unhatched embryo rates andaccordingly higher HFE were determined in eggs with 37.78°C (100.0°F) EST and light.However, differences between IVP and EP data were not significant.
Effects of incubator carbon dioxide and oxygen levels, and egg weight on broilers' hatchability of fertile eggs
(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2019) Okur, Nezih
This study investigated the effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) levels, and egg weight (EW) on embryo mortality (EM) and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE). A total of 1920 hatching eggs were obtained from a middle-aged (41 weeks) ROSS 308 broiler breeder flock. The eggs were classified according to EW as heavy (69.63 +/- 0.09 g), medium (65.20 +/- 0.04 g) and light (61.11 +/- 0.08 g) and randomly allocated to four separate identical incubators. To these incubators, four different incubator ventilation programmes (IVP) classified as control (C; 0.7% CO2 and 20.9% O-2), high CO2 (HC; 1.1% CO2 and 20.3% O-2), high O-2 (HO; 0.6% CO2 and 22.0% O-2), and high CO2 + O-2 (HCO; 0.9% CO2 21.0% O-2) were applied, and EM and HFE were examined. IVP affected EM and HFE; a higher rate of early EM and a lower rate of HFE were obtained from the HO group compared to the HCO group, and a lower rate of HFE was observed in the HO group than to the C group (p<0.05). An association was found between EW and IVP (p<0.05), being more evident in early EM for light eggs. Consequently, IVP; i.e., different CO2 and O-2 levels in the incubator affected the hatching results. This is considered to be due to the altitude of the experiment (724m) and the uniform eggs being obtained from the same middle-aged flock, and incubator O-2 levels should be taken into consideration, as well as CO2.
Effects of incubator oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on hatchability of fertile eggs, some blood parameters, and histopathological changes of broilers with different parental stock ages in high altitude
(Elsevier, 2023) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yiğit, Ayşe Arzu; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kabakçı, Ruhi; Özsoy, Şule Yurdagül
The effects of incubator carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) concentrations with parental stock age (PSA) on embryonic deaths (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs (IVP) as control (C; 0.67% CO2 and 20.33% O-2), high CO2 (HC; 1.57% CO2 and 20.26% O-2), high O-2 (HO; 0.50% CO2 and 21.16% O-2), and high CO2 + O-2 (HCO; 1.17% CO2 21.03% O-2) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED (EED) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage +pipped but unhatched ED (MLPED) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO (P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP (P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.
The effects of poultry fat with soy oil at a fixed energy:protein on broiler field performance
(South African Journal Of Animal Sciences, 2023) Okur, Nezih
The effects of poultry fat (PF) as an alternative to soy oil (SO) in broiler diets at a fixed energy:protein on field performance were investigated. Chick weight (CW), average daily weight gain (ADWG), average live weight (ALW), feed consumption ( FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production efficiency factor (PEF), and liveability were examined. The experiment, which included 12000 broilers chicks with 15 repetitions in 60 pens, lasted 41 d. The chicks were obtained from 36-w old (middle-aged) Ross 308 strain broiler breeders. Four different diets of SO in starter, SO or PF in grower, and SO or equal amounts of both (SO+PF) in finisher were tested. The highest performance data were obtained when SO was used in the grower and SO+PF were used in the finisher diet, whereas the lowest performance data were obtained when PF was used in grower and SO+PF in the finisher diet. The differences between the CW, ADWG, ALW, FC, FCR and PEF values of these groups were significant, except for liveability. This is thought to be due to the synergistic effect caused by the combined use of SO and PF. The liveability was numerically higher in the SO groups and decreased with the use of PF, but these differences were not statistically significant. The use of PF with SO may be an effective and economic alternative in terms of fixed energy:protein if certain ratios are not exceeded.
The effects of soy oil, poultry fat and tallow with fixed energy : protein ratio on broiler performance
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2020) Okur, Nezih
In this study, the effects of using soy oil (SO), poultry fat (PF) and tallow (T) in broiler feed at fixed energy : protein ratio on field and slaughter parameters were evaluated. The average live weight (ALW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production efficiency factor (PEF) and mortality were investigated as field performance parameters; carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), heart-liver weight (HLW), heart-liver yield (HLY), abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat yield (AFY) were investigated as slaughter performance parameters. The experiment was performed in accordance with animal welfare legislation of Turkey and continued for 41 d. It was conducted with a total of 12 600 Ross 308 broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain middle-aged (36 weeks) broiler breeders. Ten different diets in which SO in starter; SO, PF and T in grower and single; or equal mixing of them (SO + PF, SO + T, PF + T) in finisher were used. When animal fat (PF and T) was used instead of SO, especially in grower feed, the field performance parameters improved except for mortality (P<0.05). This situation was not seen in slaughter performance parameters except for CW, HLWand HLY (P>0.05). However, it was found that sex affected slaughter performance parameters except for CY and AFW; higher CW and HLW and lower AFY and HLY were observed due to higher CW in male broilers (P<0.05). In addition, the interactions between the type of the fat and sex were not found to be significant except for CW and CY (P>0.the end of the study, it was seen that if certain ratios are not exceeded, the use of animal fat instead of SO may be a good and economic alternative. Such an arrangement, which can be made depending on oil and fat prices, can reduce the feed cost, which is a more important result in terms of large integrations.
The Effects of stocking density on growth performance of Pekin ducks
(2018) Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Okur, Nezih
The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of actual stocking density on the growth performance parameters in Pekin ducks. A total of 240 mixed sex ducklings were used with stocking densities of 3, 5 and 7 poults m-2 during the 42 day growing period. Live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and productivity index parameters were investigated to determine growth performance. As the stocking density decreases, LW values were found to be increasing visibly after 3 weeks of age (P<0.05), live weight gain and total live weight values were found to be increasing from the first week (P<0.05). The achieved total live weight in unit area increased parallel to increasing stocking density catching the peak at 7 ducklings m-2 stocking density (P<0.05). Feed conversion values were found to be increasing in low stocking density groups from the first week (P<0.05). Therewithal, feed conversion ratio was found to be increasing with declining stocking density till the third week of age (P<0.05) but, hereafter this effect disappeared (P>0.05). Mortality occurred in the trial was found not to be affected by stocking density (P>0.05), whereas by declining stocking density, productivity index was found to be increasing however in parallel Live Weight per unit area was also found to be decreasing together (P<0.05). When a general revision is made from the research, increasing stocking density has a positive effect on performance parameters of Pekin ducks except total live weight per unit area.
The effects of stocking density on slaughter performance and some meat quality parameters of Pekin ducks
(Copernicus Gesellschaft MBH, 2022) Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Okur, Nezih; Yaman, Ahmet
The effects of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality were primarily investigated in this research. A total of 240 Pekin ducks were used, and they were reared until slaughter age (42 d) in three different stocking density groups (three, five and seven ducklings m(-2)). To compare the slaughter performance of the ducklings' live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight and yield, and edible giblet weight (heart, liver and gizzard) were investigated. The meat quality was compared between the treatment groups based on dry matter ratio, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, pH values, and colour parameters (L, a, b, c, h and Delta E values). Carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh and breast meat weight were found to decrease in parallel to the increasing stocking density, resulting in a reduction in thigh and breast meat weights and ratios (P < 0.05). Increasing the stocking density decreased the heart weight and positively improved the liver and gizzard ratio (P < 0.05). However, it did not affect the meat quality parameters investigated in this research (P < 0.05). The breast meat of the ducks reared under higher stocking density had higher L, h and Delta E values, lower a value (P < 0.05), and similar b and c values (P < 0.05). Evaluating the overall research findings, it was concluded that increased stocking density when rearing ducks negatively affects the slaughter performance, affecting only breast meat colour and weight of thigh meat with skin in investigated meat quality parameters.
Effects of ventilation programme and eggshell thickness on hatchability rate and hatching time of broiler eggs
(South African Journal of Animal Sciences, 2021) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda
The aim of the research was to determine whether enrichment of the atmosphere in an incubator with carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) and eggshell thickness ( EST) affected embryonic death (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) and hatching time (HT). A total of 320 Ross 308 eggs were used and the experiment was repeated twice. Eggshell thickness was classified as thin (<31 mu m), medium (31 - 32 mu m) and thick (>32 mu m). The incubators were operated with their internal atmosphere enriched with CO2 (1.57% CO2; 20.23% O-2) or O-2 (0.50% CO2; 22.44% O-2). Embryonic death, HFE and HT data were monitored at three periods, namely early (<486 hours), middle (486 - 492 hours), and late (492 - 510 hours). Early ED, late ED and hatchability of fertile eggs were not affected by EST or by the incubator's internal atmosphere (P >0.05). Thus, O-2 supplementation to the incubator was deemed unnecessary at 822 m altitude. There was a highly significant interaction between EST and HT. Eggs with shells 31 to 32 mu m thick hatched at an appreciably greater rate between 486 and 492 hours of incubation (17%) than eggs with thicker (0.6%) or thinner (0.4%) shells in both the CO2 and O-2 enriched atmospheres. The hatching rate was significantly higher in the eggs with an intermediate EST than in thick-shelled eggs. A greater proportion of eggs hatched at the late HT as opposed to earlier, regardless of EST.
Farklı kuluçka uygulamalarının etlik piliçlerde kuluçka ve saha performansı üzerine etkileri
(2016) Okur, Nezih; Türkoğlu, Mesut
Bu araştırmada, birbirinden bağımsız 2 deneme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci denemede depolama süresi (2-10 gün) ve kuluçkada çevirme sıklığının (24-96 adet/gün), ikinci denemede damızlık yaşının (genç-yaşlı) ve gelişim makinesindeki kuluçka programının (klasik-yeni) çıkış gücü ve saha performansı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Genç sürü yumurtalarında çıkış gücü yaşlı sürülere göre daha yüksek olmuştur (p<0,05). 10 gün depolanan yumurtalarda azalan çıkış gücünün (p<0,05), 96 defa/gün çevirme ile iyileştiği (p<0,05) bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık, yeni kuluçka programına göre çalıştırılan gelişim makinesine konulan yumurtalarda çıkış gücü, klasik programa göre çalışan makinedekilere göre rakamsal olarak daha yüksek olmakla birlikte, farklılık önemli olmamıştır (p>0,05). Depolama süresi dışındaki muamelelerde nispeten yüksek olan saha performansı istatistik olarak önemli olmamıştır. 10 gün depolanan yumurtalardan elde edilen civcivlerde çıkım ağırlığı yükselmiş fakat 14. gün ve 35. gün canlı ağırlıkları azalmıştır. Buna karşılık, 96 adet/gün çevrilen yumurtalarda sadece 14. gün canlı ağırlığı daha yüksek olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, sürü yaşı ile kuluçka programı arasındaki interaksiyonun etkili olduğu ve yeni kuluçka programı uygulanan yaşlı sürü yumurtalarında çıkış gücünün daha yüksek (p<0,05) olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yaşlı sürülerde gelişim makinesinde yeni programı uygulamanın çıkış gücünü artırdığı, buna karşılık 10 gün depolanan yumurtalarda çıkış gücü ve saha performansının düştüğü, ancak düşen çıkış gücünün gelişim döneminde 24 yerine 96 adet/gün çevirme yapılarak iyileştirilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Impacts of breeder age, storage time and setter ventilation program on incubation and post-hatch performance of broilers
(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2018) Okur, Nezih; Eleroğlu, Hasan; Türkoğlu, Mesut
The impacts of breeder age (32 and 55 weeks), egg storage time (2-12 days), setter ventilation program (control-test) on incubation and post-hatch performance of broilers were investigated in this study. Young (Y) and old (O) breeders' hatching eggs were incubated in two different setters operated by two different ventilation programs as control (C) and test (T). Incubation took place after a short (S) and long (L) time of storage in this study. According to the trial design, eight treatment groups were as YSC, YST, YLC, YLT, OSC, OST, OLC and OLT. In total 9600 eggs and 6400 chicks were used. Early stage embryonic mortality (ED) rates were lower and accordingly hatchability of fertile eggs (HF) were higher (p<0.05) in YS than the other treatment groups. In contrast, incubation performance in eggs hatched in C and T programs were found to be similar. However, interaction between treatments were significant (p<0.05) and ED and HF were significantly (p<0.05) improved at OC. Liveability in growing period was affected (p<0.05) by breeder age but it wasn't affected by storage time and incubation program. Higher post-hatch performance was achieved in chicks of OST but differences between groups weren't significant except for chick weights in comparison by breeder age. However, interactions between treatments were significant (p<0.05) and reached the highest post-hatch performance in YST (p<0.05). In conclusion, the long time storage of old breeders' eggs improved incubation and post-hatch performance when they were incubated at test program.
Relationships among some quality characteristics in broiler hatching eggs
(2018) Okur, Nezih; Eratalar, Sabri Arda; Yaman, Ahmet
Relation among some parameters used for determining egg quality was studied in this research. Egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg width (EWd) and shape index (SI) was the studied parameters. A total of 1920 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle-aged (39 week) broiler breeders were used. In the first stage of this study, EW, EL, EWd were measured and SI values were calculated from these parameters. Average EW was 64.40 ± 0.04 g, EL was 57.35 ± 1.31 mm, EWd was 44.81 ± 0.61 mm and SI was 78.19 ± 0.10 in eggs of this study. In the second stage, coefficients of variation, correlation coefficients and regression equations were calculated for determining of relations among these parameters. Significant (p < 0.05) and significant correlation levels among EW and EL and EWd were determined (r = 0.582 and 0.734, respectively). Meanwhile, significant and high coefficient correlation among EW and SI was not found (p > 0.05) like egg width and egg length. Meanwhile, it was determined that egg width was more important variable than egg length and shape index for estimation of egg weight. Also, it was found that egg weight value could be estimated in higher accuracy by using egg width values instead of egg length and shape index values.

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