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Öğe Amanitin and phallotoxin concentration in Amanita phalloides var. alba mushroom(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, İsmail; Sinirlioğlu, Zeynep Aydın; Karahan, Selim; Bayram, RecepAlthough rarely seen, Amanita phalloides var. alba, a variety of A. phalloides type mushrooms, causes mushroom poisoning resulting in death. Since it is frequently confused with some edible mushrooms due to its white colored cap and macroscopic appearance, it becomes important in toxicological terms. Knowledge of the toxin amount contained in this mushroom type is invaluable in the treatment of cases involving poisoning. In this study, we examined the toxin levels of various parts of the A. phalloides var. alba mushroom growing Duzce region of Turkey. Toxin analyses were carried out for A. phalloides var. alba, which were collected from the forests Duzce region of Turkey in 2011, as a whole and also separately in its spore, pileus, gills, stipe and volva parts. The alpha amanitin, beta amanitin, gamma amanitin, phalloidin and phallacidine analyses of the mushrooms were carried out using the RP-HPLC method. A genetic analysis of the mushroom showed that it had similar genetic characteristics as A. phalloides and was a variety of it. The lowest toxins quantity was detected in spores, volva and stipe among all parts of the mushroom. The maximum amount of amatoxins was measured in the gills. The pileus also contained a high amount of amatoxins. Generally, amatoxins and phallotoxin concentrations were lower as compared to A. phalloides, but interestingly all toxins other than gamma toxin were higher in the spores of A. phalloides var. alba. The amount of toxin in all of its parts had sufficient concentrations to cause death. With this study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations in A. phalloides var. alba mushroom and in its parts have been revealed in detail for the first time. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Amatoxin and phallotoxin concentration in Amanita phalloides spores and tissues(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Karahan, Selim; Bayram, Recep; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Çolakoğlu, SerdarMost of the fatal cases of mushroom poisoning are caused by Amanita phalloides. The amount of toxin in mushroom varies according to climate and environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to measure -, -, and -amanitin with phalloidin and phallacidin toxin concentrations. Six pieces of A. phalloides mushrooms were gathered from a wooded area of Duzce, Turkey, on November 23, 2011. The mushrooms were broken into pieces as spores, mycelium, pileus, gills, stipe, and volva. -, -, and -Amanitin with phalloidin and phallacidin were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. As a mobile phase, 50 mM ammonium acetate + acetonitrile (90 + 10, v/v) was used with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. C18 reverse phase column (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 mu m particle) was used. The least amount of -amanitin toxins was found at the mycelium. The other toxins found to be in the least amount turned out to be the ones at the spores. The maximum amounts of amatoxins and phallotoxin were found at gills and pileus, respectively. In this study, the amount of toxin in the spores of A. phalloides was published for the first time, and this study is pioneering to deal with the amount of toxin in mushrooms grown in Turkey.Öğe Anticancer drugs with chemotherapeutic interactions with thymoquinone in osteosarcoma cells(Verduci Publisher, 2016) Sarman, Hakan; Bayram, Recep; Benek, Bedri SelimOBJECTIVE: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Following surgery, multi-agent chemotherapy drugs are effective but are associated with significant side effects and toxicity. Thymoquinone (TMQ) is a pharmacological component of black cumin that has multiple anti-tumorigenic effects. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of TMQ in combination with chemotherapy drugs on the growth inhibition of osteosarcoma and the potential clinical utility of TMQ in the treatment of OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the effects on the MG63 OS cell line when TMQ, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin combinations were applied that MG63 OS cell line viability was measured with the cell proliferation and apoptosis assay according to dose and time-dependent effects. RESULTS: Application of 10 mu M TMQ combined with 5FU and OXA at a low concentration of 1 mu M that was discovered an ineffective dose of the used drugs as anticancer decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in cells at a significant rate at 48 and 72 h. CONCLUSIONS: TMQ has potential benefits in preventing the onset and progression of chemotherapy drug-induced toxicity and side effects, and may reduce resistance to chemotherapy drugs. We consider that TMQ may be a potential therapeutic drug for OS and/or other cancers.Öğe Antimikrobiyal ve antikanser aktiviteleri gösterebilecek yeni tiyazolo[3,2-C]pirimidin türevlerinin mikrodalga destekli üç bileşenli-mannich reaksiyonuyla sentezi(2014) Yildirim, Muhammet Hakkı; Bayram, Recep; Yildirim, Arzu; Çelikel, Derya-Öğe Antiproliferative activity of some medicinal plants on human breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and their phenolic contents(Pharmacotherapy Group, 2015) Karakaş, Fatma Pehlivan; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Bayram, Recep; Yavuz, Muhsine Z.; Gepdiremen, Akçahan; Türker, Arzu UçarPurpose: To determine the phenolic composition and antiproliferative activity of 16 different extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) obtained from Bellis perennis, Convolvulus galaticus, Trifolium pannonicum and Lysimachia vulgaris on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell lines. Methods: The aerial parts of the plants were successively extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water using a Soxhlet apparatus. The phenolic content of the plants were determined by plants by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while their antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole (MTT) assay. Results: Among the tested extracts, the methanol extract of B. perennis showed the best antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 (inhibiting 50 % of cell growth) value of 71.6 mu g/mL. Furthermore, the dichloromethane extract of C. galaticus showed the best anti-proliferative activity against HepG2/C3A cell line with IC50 of 57.3 mu g/mL. The HPLC data for the plant extracts showed the presence of the following phenolic compounds: gallic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, rutin hydrate, luteolin-7-O-beta-D glucoside, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, coumarin and apigenin. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that there is some justification for the use of B. perennis and C. galaticus as traditional anticancer medicinal herbs.Öğe Apoptotic, antioxidant and antiradical effects of majdine and isomajdine from Vinca herbacea Waldst. and kit(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Gülçin, İlhami; Beydemir, Şükrü; Topal, Fevzi; Gagua, Natia; Bakuridze, Aliko; Bayram, Recep; Gepdiremen, AkçahanIn the present study, apoptotic, antioxidant and antiradical effects of majdine and isomajdine from Vinca herbacea Waldst. and Kit were studied. For testing the possible apoptotic effects of majdine and isomajdine from V. herbacea, DNA fragmentation assay was conducted on the rat brain cortical tissue homogenates, in vitro. Also their possible effects on mitochondrial activity were tested by using the same tissue samples of rats. In addition, the antioxidant activity of isomajdine and majdine was determined using various in vitro antioxidant assays, including 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(center dot+)) radical scavenging and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD center dot+) radical scavenging, ferric ions (Fe3+) and cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing abilities and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity. On the other hand, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were used as reference antioxidants.Öğe Clinical importance of toxin concentration in Amanita verna mushroom(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Yılmaz, İsmail; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Sinirlioğlu, Zeynep Aydın; Bayram, Recep; Sürmen, Mustafa GaniPoisoning from Amanita group of mushrooms comprises approximately 3% of all poisonings in our country and their being responsible for nearly the entire fatal mushroom poisonings makes them important. These mushrooms contain primarily two types of toxins, amatoxins and phallotoxins. Phallotoxins have a more limited toxicity potential and they primarily consist of phalloidin (PHN) and phallacidin (PCN). Amatoxins, on the other hand, are very toxic and they primarily consist of alpha-amanitin (AA), beta-amanitin (BA) and gamma-amanitin (GM. Toxin levels can vary among various species, even among varieties of the same species, of Amanita mushroom family. Revealing the differences between the toxin compositions of the Amanita species that grow in our region may contribute to the clinics of poisonings. Our study aims at showing in detail the toxin levels in various parts of Amanita verna mushroom. A. verna mushrooms needed for toxin analysis were collected from Kozak Plateau near Ayvalik county of Balikesir, Turkey in April 2013. The mushrooms were divided into their parts as pileus, gills, stripe and volva. Following the procedures required before the analysis, the AA, BA, GA, PHN and PCN levels were measured using the RP-HPLC method. While the lowest level of amatoxin was in the volva of the mushroom, the highest was measured in the gills. This was followed by pileus and stripe where the levels were close to each other. Similarly, the highest level of phallotoxin was measured in the gills. Gamma toxin and phalloidin were at lower amounts than the other toxins. A. verna is frequently confused with edible mushrooms with white caps due to its macroscopic similarity. If just one of them is eaten by mistake by an adult person with no mushroom experience, it can easily poison them. The amount of amatoxin is more as compared to Amanita phalloides and A. phalloides var. alba. Particularly, the AA and BA levels are approximately three times higher, whereas GA levels are lower. Similarly, the level of PCN is approximately four times higher as compared to A. phalloides and A. phalloides var. alba; by contrast, the level of PNH is about a half of theirs. In summary, it can be said that A. verna is a more toxic mushroom than A. phalloides and has a higher rate of mortality. With our study, the amatoxin and phallotoxin concentrations and distribution in A. verna mushrooms were shown in detail for the first time and it would be useful to carry out more similar studies with other members of Amanita family growing in various parts of the world. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Deadly poisonous turkish mushrooms containing alpha amanitin(Duzce University Medical School, 2015) Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, İsmail; Bakırcı, Sinan; Bayram, RecepMushroom poisoning is still a serious health problem for Turkey. The mushroom species which cause fatal mushroom poisoning have been reported to contain at least 98% alpha-amanitin. The knowledge of the poisonous mushroom species including alpha- amanitin is important for the treatment and prevention of these poisonings. In this review, the mushrooms containig alpha-amanitin and causing deadly mushroom poisinings were listed and given information about their poisonus effects. According to literature, nine poisonous mushroom species which include alpha-amanitin have so far been reported from Turkey. These are Lepiota brunneoincarnata; Lepiota castanea; Lepiota helveola; Lepiota subincarnata; Amanita phalloides; Amanita verna; Amanita virosa; Conocybe filaris and Galerina marginata. © 2012 Düzce Medical Journal.Öğe Düzce yöresinde yetişen Amanita Phalloides mantarındaki Alfa Amanitin düzeyinin Hplc yöntemiyle ölçümü(2012) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Karahan, Selim; Hancı, Mustafa; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Sarıtaş, Ayhan; Bayram, RecepAmaç: Düzce ili sınırlarında 2010 yılında toplanan Amanita phalloides mantarındaki alfa amanitin toksin düzeyinin HPLC yöntemiyle ölçümü amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bir mantar bütün olarak, diğeri ise parçalara ayrılarak ekstraksiyon yapılmıştır. Ölçümler HPLC cihazında 303 nm UV dalga boyu, 250x4,6 mm C18 5 µm partikül içeren kolon kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mobil faz olarak amonyum asetat + metanol + asetonitril (80+10+10, v/v/v) kullanılmış ve akış hızı 1 mL/dakikaya ayarlanmıştır. Sonuçlar 1 g kuru mantardaki toksin miktarı olarak verilmiştir. Bulgular: Bütün mantardaki alfa amanitin miktarı 4,806 mg (±0,033), şapkada 3,522 mg (±0,024), lamelde 5,318 mg (±0,056), halkada 0,903 mg (±0,004), sapta 2,577 mg (±0,037), kapçıkta 0,698 mg (±0,008) olarak ölçüldü. Sonuç: Düzce yöresinde yetişen Amanita phalloides mantarlarındaki alfa amanitin düzeyleri, başka bölgelerde yetişenlerden farklılık göstermektedir. Bulduğumuz sonuçlardan daha yüksek ve daha düşük seviyede toksin düzeyi ölçülmüş araştırmalar literatürde mevcuttur. Bu farklılığın etkenleri arasında iklim şartları yanında ekstraksiyon ve analiz yöntemlerindeki farklılıklar da rol oynayabilir.Öğe Effect of breast milk calcium and fluidity on breast cancer cells: an in vitro cell culture study(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2016) Bayram, Recep; Yavuz, Muhsine Zeynep; Benek, Bedri Selim; Bozkurt, Ayşenur Aydoğar; Ucbek, Ali; Özünal, Zeynep Güneş; Gepdiremen, AkçahanAim: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of calcium at the same concentration as that found in human milk on the viability, proliferation, and adhesion of MCF-7 human breast ductal carcinoma cells by exposing them to calcium at the same frequency as in breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: High-concentration calcium was applied for 30 minutes every 4 hours for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell proliferation and viability were measured using a hemocytometer and the MTT cell viability assay. The effects of calcium treatment were evaluated by a comparison among a multiple-, single-dose calcium treatment, and a control group. Results: We show that calcium at the same concentration as that in milk caused a decrease in the number of cells but did not affect cell viability. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that calcium caused a lowering of the number of cells from the luminal surface of the breast by triggering proliferation under the condition of fluidity. Calcium and fluidity together serve to eliminate breast cancer stem cells during the lactation period. Effects of the other components of milk can be analyzed by the new method developed in this study.Öğe The effect of NF-kappa B and angiotensin II on the proliferation in human breast adenocancer cell line(2013) Özünal, Zeynep Güneş; Bayram, Recep; Yavuz, Muhsine Zeynep; Ucbek, Ali; Aydoğar, A.; Uzun, Özge; Gepdíremen, Akçahan AkçahanThere are many in-vitro studies implicating that Angiotensin (Ang)II stimulates solid organ cancer growth. Effect of AngII on cell proliferation can be related to nuclear factor NFkB. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of pyrithione, an NFkB inhibitor and AngII on breast cancer cell proliferation. MCF-7 is treated with AII (10?M) and NFkB inhibitor, pyrithione sodium (0,1-100?M). Cells are counted and photographed. WST-1 is used to measure viability in 48h after treatment and groups are fluorescent dyed with ethidium bromide. The results of cell count showed that cell proliferation was increased in AngII treated group when compared with control group. However, this increase did not show statistically significance. Cell count was decreased in pyrithione (10 and 100?M) treated group. Morphologic changes were most apparent in 100?M pyrithione group. We concluded that pyrithione alone or in combination with AngII decreased MCF-7 cell proliferation.Öğe Effects of erdosteine on alpha amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2016) Kaya, Ertugrul; Yılmaz, İsmail; Admış, Özlem; Oktay, Murat; Bayram, RecepThe aim of this study was to investigate beneficial effects of erdosteine in the alpha amanitine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Three hours after giving alpha amanitin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to the mice, they were administered silibinin (50 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or erdosteine (100 mg/kg/d, oral) therapies once a day for 3 d. A histopathological examination of their liver tissues was carried out 24 h after the last treatment; transaminase levels, blood urea nitrogen, urea, and creatinine were analyzed in serum. Erdosteine showed a beneficial effect by significantly improving the functional parameters particularly in alpha amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity and partially in renal toxicity. In the histopathological evaluation, the toxicity that was generated with alpha amanitin was significantly reduced by erdosteine, showing a possible hepatoprotective effect. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Öğe Efficacy of daptomycin on experimental methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2013) Mengeloğlu, Fırat Zafer; Küçükbayrak, Abdulkadir; Bucak, Yasin Yucel; Erdurmuş, Mesut; Taş, Tekin; Özyalvaçlı, Gülzade; Bayram, Recep; Bucak , Özlem; Akdeniz, HayrettinPurpose: We aimed to compare the efficacy of topical daptomycin (DAP) with that of vancomycin (VA) in the treatment of keratitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods: One hundred colony-forming unit MRSA bacteria were injected intrastromally into both corneas of 28 rabbits. Sixteen hours after injection, the rabbits' eyes were treated with 1 drop of topical DAP (10 or 50mg/mL), VA (50mg/mL), or isotonic saline for 19 doses. Their eyes were examined for clinical severity before and after treatment. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration values of VA and DAP against the bacterial strain were found to be 2 and 0.5g/mL, respectively. The mean pre- and post-treatment clinical scores of the eyes did not differ significantly among the groups. However, the mean difference between the post- and pretreatment clinical scores was significantly lower in the 50mg/mL DAP group than in the other groups (P=0.042). A marked decrease in bacterial load was detected in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P=0.002). Although there were no significant differences in bacterial load among the treatment groups, the 50mg/mL DAP group showed the greatest decrease. The mean % epithelial erosion rate tended to be higher in the 50mg/mL VA group than in the other groups (P=0.31). Conclusions: Topical DAP significantly reduced the bacterial load and showed activity against MRSA comparable to that of fortified VA in this experimental model.Öğe Erdosteine reduces cytotoxicity induced by alpha- and beta-amanitin, but not gamma-amanitin, in CA3 hepatocyte cultures(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bayram, Recep; Yilmaz, Ismail; Yaykasli, Kursat Oguz; Kaya, ErtugrulAmanitin poisoning still has no particular, effective antidote. Erdosteine has been shown to protect numerous tissues, particularly those in the liver. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of erdosteine on alpha-, beta-and gamma-amanitin-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro models. Three hours after administering amatoxins at various concentrations (1-50 mu g/mL) to the cells of the C3A human hepatocyte cell line, erdosteine was administered in different concentrations (i.e., 1, 10, 50, 100 and 250 mu g/mL). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was selected to determine cell viability. When concentrations of 1, 10, 50, 100 and 250 mu g/mL of erdosteine were applied to cell lines, the following cell viability rates were obtained: 106%,99%,93%,86% and 86%, respectively, at a 10 mu g/mL alpha-amanitin-induced toxicity; 43%,41%,41%,37% and 35%, respectively, at a 25 mu g/mL alpha-amanitin-induced toxicity; 44%,42%,41%,39% and 41%, respectively, at a 50 mu g/mL alpha-amanitin-induced toxicity; 136%,142%,143%,137% and 120%, respectively, at a 10 mu g/mL beta-amanitin-induced toxicity; 113%,107%,107%,106% and 86%, respectively, at a 25 mu g/mL beta-amanitin-induced toxicity; 78%,77%,77%,74% and 70%, respectively, at a 10 mu g/mL gammaamanitin-induced toxicity; and 39%,40%,39%,35% and 31%, respectively, at a 25 mu g/mL gamma-amanitininduced toxicity. This study was the first to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of erdosteine in cytotoxicity induced by alpha-, beta-and gamma-amanitin. Non-high (low and medium) doses of erdosteine are capable of nearly entirely preventing toxicity at mild hepatotoxic concentrations caused by amatoxin and partially preventing toxicity at moderate and severe concentrations. The beneficial effects of erdosteine, especially on the toxicity of alpha-and beta-amanitin, are promising.Öğe Evaluation and comparison of alpha- and beta-amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2014) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Bayram, Recep; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Yılmaz, İsmail; Bayram, Sait; Yaykaşlı, Emine; Yavuz, Muhsine Zeynep; Gepdiremen, Ali AkçahanBackground/aim: Alpha- and beta-amanitins are the main toxins of the poisonous Amanita phalloides mushroom. Although there are many studies available concerning alpha-amanitin, there are limited data about beta-amanitin in the literature. Therefore, this study is aimed at comparing the toxic effects of alpha- and beta-amanitin on the MCF-7 cell line. Materials and methods: The alpha- and beta-amanitins used for this research were purified from Amanita phalloides by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used, and specific concentrations of the toxins (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mu g/mL) were applied to the cells. The MTT test was performed to determine the level of toxicity, and the quantity of protein in the cell was measured using the biuret test. Results: The alpha-amanitin showed a higher toxicity at 36 h, while the highest inhibition of protein synthesis by the beta-amanitin was observed at 24 h. Conclusion: It was shown that the beta-amanitin may be responsible for toxicity, like alpha-amanitin, in Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning. The early inhibition of protein synthesis for beta-amanitin might be useful for future experiments and research.Öğe The evaluation and comparison of the alpha and beta amanitin toxicity on MCF-7 cell line(Current Biology Ltd, 2013) Kaya, Ertuğrul; Bayram, Recep; Yaykaşlı, Kürşat Oğuz; Yılmaz, İsmail; Bayram, Sait; Yavuz, Zeynep; Gepdiremen, AkçahanÖğe An example for the application of music therapy in the medical history: Divrigi Darüssifa(2015) Benek, Bedri Selim; Sakar, Hakan; Bayram, Recep; Gümüştekin, KenanThe Seljuks built up so many medical buildings and darüssifas in lots of cities, and gave importance to medicina as well as the other branches of science. They provided great contributions to the development of modern medicine with darüssifas and medical centers by the treatment they applied as well as health care. Music therapy was applied with certain methods in these health centers where mental and spiritual diseases were tried to be treated. Sivas Divrigi Darüssifa, amongst the first ones in this concept and continued its existence until today, has an important place in terms of our medical history.Öğe Extracorporeal shockwave increases the effectiveness of systemic antibiotic treatment in implant-related chronic osteomyelitis : experimental study in a rat model(Wiley, 2014) İnanmaz, Mustafa Erkan; Uslu, Mustafa; Işık, Cengiz; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Taş, Tekin; Bayram, RecepImplant-related chronic osteomyelitis is a serious complication of orthopedic surgery requiring implant removal and radical debridement. Extracorporeal shockwave (ESW) have demonstrated significant bactericidal effectiveness in vitro and effectiveness and safety were evaluated in an animal model of osteomyelitis. In this experimental study, we aimed to test our hypothesis that the use of ESW together with systemic antibiotic treatment will provide synergy for the treatment of implant-related chronic osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The proximal tibia of 32 rats was contaminated with (10)8CFU/ml methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA-ATCC 29213) and Kirschner-wires were placed into the medulla of the tibia. After 4 weeks, Kirschner-wires were removed and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I, untreated contaminated control group; group II, receiving only ESW therapy; group III, receiving only systemic teicoplanin; group IV, treated with a combination of ESW and systemic teicoplanin. ESW was applied twice to the infected limbs and all rats were sacrificed at the end of 8th week. The degree of tibial osteomyelitis was assessed by quantitative culture analysis. Bacterial counts in groups III and IV were significantly reduced relative to the control (p=0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The decrease in bacterial counts was more pronounced and significant in group IV compared to group III (p=0.024). In group II, bacterial counts also decreased, but the differences were in significant (p=0.068). Our experimental model suggests that ESW provides significant synergy for systemic antibiotic treatment. However, further clinical trials are required in order to use this treatment modality safely in patients, even though our study demonstrated successful results in the treatment of implant-related chronic osteomyelitis in rats. (c) 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:752-756, 2014.Öğe Investigation of antiproliferative effect of Tarantula Cubensis extract against Hepatocellular Carcinoma(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Bayram, Recep; Karğı, Ertuğrul; Şit, Mustafa; Erkol, Hayri; Yavuz, Muhsine Zeynep; Bayram, Şaban; Şakar, Hakan; Benek, Bedri Selim; Gümüştekin, KenanÖğe Investigation of possible protective effect of propolis extract against bile acid induced hepatotoxicity(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Benek, Ümmügülsüm; Benek, Bedri Selim; Bayram, Recep; Karğı, Ertuğrul; Şakar, Hakan; Tonyalı, Ferda; Gümüştekin, Kenan
