Yazar "Alkan, Mehtap" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 26
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Bipolaris Sorokiniana'nın buğday bitkisi dokularından tespiti için real-time PCR metodunun geliştirilmesi ve erken enfeksiyon aşamasında patojenisite ile alakalı bazı genlerin ifade düzeylerinin araştırılması(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2021) Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, GökselDünyada ve ülkemizde buğday yetiştiriciliğinde karşılaşılan en yaygın etmenlerden Bipolaris sorokiniana buğday bitkisinde oluşturduğu önemli bir hastalıkta noktalı yaprak lekesi hastalığıdır. Özelikle kışlık buğday ekimlerinde önemli ürün kayıplarına neden hastalıkla mücadelede dayanıklı çeşit geliştirilmesine yönelik ıslah çalışmaları en çevreci ve en etkin bir strateji olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Proje kapsamında elde edilen Bipolaris sorokiniana izolatları elde edilmiş ve genetik ve patojenik olarak karakterize edilmiştir. Etmene karşı ülkemizde yaygın yetiştirilmekte 55 buğday çeşidinin konukçu duyarlılığı ortaya konmuştur. Çeşitlerin gösterdikleri reaksiyonlar arasında istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar gözlenmiş olup Kırik, Lancer, Doğu-88, Nenehatun ve Damla çeşitleri sırasıyla en hassas çeşitler olarak görülmüş iken Anafarta, Koç-2015, Abide, Yakamoz ve Gelibolu sırasıyla en dayanıklı çeşitleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Real-Time PCR dayalı olarak etmenin DNA'sının konukçu dokulardan tespitine yönelik çalışmalarda ribozomal DNA'nın Small Subunit (SSU) ve Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) bölgeleri ile Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) geninin oldukça uygun tespit edilmiştir. Bu bölgeler sırasıyla etmen DNA'sının varlığını 0.1 pg, 0.01 pg ve 1 pg düzeyinde tespitine olanak vermiştir. PCR çalışmasının özgüllüğü, enfekte olmamış bitki dokuları ve ilişkili diğer fungus türlerine karşı test edilerek doğrulanmıştır. Teknik inokulasyonu takip eden ve örnekleme yapılan 3. 5. ve 8. günlerde hassas ve dayanıklı çeşitler arasında istatistiksel farkı ortaya koymuştur. Geliştirilen teknik görsel hastalık değerlendirmesine bir alternatif olarak enfeksiyonun erken bir aşamasında dayanıklı ıslah materyalinin seçimi için faydalı bir yaklaşım sağlayacaktır. Ayrıca buğday çeşitlerinde hastalık stresi altında patogenez ile ilişkili protein genlerinin karşılaştırmalı ifadesini değerlendirmiş dayanıklı olan Anafarta çeşidinde patogenez ile ilişkili olan PAL, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR10 genlerinin ifade düzeyinde artış görülmesine karşın hassas Nenehatun çeşidinde SOD, APX, CAT, PR1 genlerinin ifade düzeylerinde daha fazla miktarda artışa sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar ile hastalığın oluşumu ve dayanıklılık mekanizmalarını inceleyenler için önemli bilgiler içermekte olup ve dayanıklı çeşit ıslahı çalışmalarına da önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.Öğe First report of dactylonectria torresensis causing black root rot of strawberries in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2020) Erper, İsmail; Özer, Göksel; Alkan, Mehtap; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Türkkan, MuharremKyrgyzstan produces 2331 tons of strawberries annually at 427 ha (FAOSTAT 2020). In June 2019, strawberry plants showed some aboveground symptoms including stunting, lack of vigor, smaller fruit size, and leaf chlorosis with the incidence of 5% in the fields in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (Latitude: 42°83′44“N, Longitude: 74°57’42”E). The root systems of plants were smaller than healthy ones, and their feeder and main roots were mostly destroyed and showed sunken and necrotic black lesions.Öğe First report of damping-off on melon seedlings caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-II in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2022) Erper, İsmail; Göçmen, Münevver; Yıldırım, Elif; Türkkan, Muharrem; Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, GökselMelon (Cucumis melo L., Cucurbitaceae) is one of the most popular horticultural fruit crops in Kyrgyzstan. In May 2020, damping-off and stunted melon seedlings were observed in 2 fields in the Lenin District of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, with a 6% incidence. Isolation was performed from lesions of roots and hypocotyls of diseased seedlings on potato dextrose agar (PDA) acidified with 0.1% lactic acid.Öğe First report of dry rot of potato caused by Fusarium sambucinum in Kyrgyzstan(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Erper, İsmail; Alkan, Mehtap; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Türkkan, Muharrem; Yıldırım, Elif; Özer, GökselIn October 2020, the presence of an intense Fusarium dry rot disease was detected during a survey of potato tubers in the production storage facilities in Chui region, Kyrgyzstan. The species of Fusarium isolates, obtained from infected tubers, were identified as Fusarium sambucinum by using morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha) gene. The isolates were pathogenic to potato tubers, and Koch's postulates were confirmed by successful re-isolation of the pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dry rot of potato caused by Fusarium sambucinum in Kyrgyzstan.Öğe First report of exserohilum pedicellatum causing root rot of wheat in Azerbaijan(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2019) Özer, Göksel; Göre, Mehmet Erhan; Alkan, Mehtap; Yaman, Tolga; Dababat, Abdelfattah AmerWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in Azerbaijan, covering about 590,000 ha of total cultivation area. In June 2017, a survey was conducted to determine root pathogens of the main wheat growing regions in Azerbaijan. Symptomatic plants exhibiting root rot and dark brown root lesions were obtained from 76 different fields, and the roots of the samples were excised and labeled. The roots were washed under running tap water for 5 min, and 5-cm lengths were cut from the roots.Öğe First report of Fusarium culmorum and Microdochium bolleyi causing root rot on Triticale in Kazakhstan(AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC, 2021) Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, Göksel; İmren, Mustafa; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, AlexeyTriticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained from wheat × rye crossing. It is positioned between wheat and rye in terms of resistance to soilborne pathogens including Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Fusarium culmorum, F. avenaceum, and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Arseniuk and Góral 2015). In 2019, seven triticale fields were surveyed in Almaty Province, Kazakhstan, to examine soilborne fungal pathogens. A total of 28 symptomatic plants with stunting, rot, or discolored root were collected. The overall disease incidence was ∼8 to 10%. Fungi were isolated from 3- to 5-mm pieces excised from symptomatic tissues. The pieces were surface disinfected in 1% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, blotted dry, and plated on 1/5-strength PDA amended with 0.01% streptomycin. Plates were left in the dark at 23°C for 7 days. A total of 34 colonies were isolated, of which 19 isolates originally from six fields showed the characteristics of B. sorokiniana.Öğe First report of leaf blight of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey(Springer, 2022) Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, Göksel; Koşar, İslim; Güney, İnci Güler; Derviş, SibelIn July 2020, a leaf blight disease with intense defoliation on Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) plants was observed in a pilot experiment field in Akçakale and a commercial field in Haliliye with an incidence of 5.4 and 11.7%, respectively, in Şanlıurfa province. After a surface-sterilization for 1 min with 1% NaOCl, isolations from symptomatic tissues of six affected plants for each field consistently yielded a fungus with the same colony morphology on potato dextrose agar. Cultures were powdery with a thick aerial mycelium, initially white that changed from olive green to black within 10 days. All 12 isolates, each obtained from a different plant, produced dark-brown, thick-walled, cylindrical to oblong, zero to one-septa, and 9.7 × 4.6 μm (n=30) arthroconidia, both singly and in arthric chainsÖğe First report of needle blight of blue spruce (Picea pungens) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey(Springer, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Güney, İnci Güler; Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, GökselThe blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) is an exotic conifer species widely used for decorative purposes in landscaping and private gardens. In 2020, 60% of forty blue spruce trees between 20 and 25 years old planted in front of buildings in Kavaklıdere, Ankara, displayed needle blight symptoms. Needles on the lower and interior crown closest to the trunk were infected from the bottoms of branches. They showed a brown-colored or burned appearance before dropping off, starting from their tips, resulting in up to a 65% reduction of the canopy.Öğe First report of Penicillium expansum causing postharvest fruit rot on pear in Kyrgyzstan(Springer, 2023) Erper, İsmail; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Alkan, Mehtap; Türkkan, Muharrem; Özer, GökselIn April 2022, symptoms of blue mould were observed on about 3% of pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruits at commercial markets in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Fruits exhibited circular, light brown, watery lesions in several parts of the skin with masses of blue-green sporulation. Fungal isolations from ten fruits were performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA).Öğe Fungal pathogens associated with crown and root rot in wheat-growing areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan(MDPI, 2023) Özer, Göksel; Erper, İsmail; Yıldız, Şenol; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Zholdoshbekova, Sezim; Alkan, Mehtap; Tekin, FatihFungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence, fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological features of the cultures and conidia, as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67% of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64%. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01% of all isolates and consisted of 12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which was isolated from 70% of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57%, followed by Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a field incidence of more than 23%. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens, Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed.Öğe Genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolates associated with red cabbage in Samsun (Turkey)(MDPI, 2021) Erper, İsmail; Özer, Göksel; Kalendar, Ruslan; Avcı, Şirin; Yıldırım, Elif; Alkan, Mehtap; Türkkan, MuharremAbstract: A total of 132 Rhizoctonia isolates were recovered from red cabbage plants with root rot and wirestem symptoms in the province of Samsun (Turkey) between 2018 and 2019. Based on the se quence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region located between the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes and including nuclear staining, these 124 isolates were assigned to multinucle ate Rhizoctonia solani, and eight were binucleate Rhizoctonia. The most prevalent anastomosis group (AG) was AG 4 (84%), which was subdivided into AG 4 HG-I (81%) and AG 4 HG-III (3%), followed by AG 5 (10%) and AG-A (6%), respectively. The unweighted pair group method phylogenetic tree resulting from the data of 68 isolates with the inter-PBS amplification DNA profiling method based on interspersed retrotransposon element sequences confirmed the differentiation of AGs with a higher resolution. In the greenhouse experiment with representative isolates (n = 24) from AGs on red cab bage (cv. Rondale), the disease severity index was between 3.33 and 4.0 for multinucleate AG isolates and ranged from 2.5 to 3.17 for AG-A isolates. In the pathogenicity assay of six red cabbage cultivars, one isolate for each AG was tested using a similar method, and all cultivars were susceptible to AG 4 HG-I and AG 4 HG-III isolates. Redriver and Remale were moderately susceptible, while Rescue, Travero, Integro, and Rondale were susceptible to the AG 5 isolate. The results indicate that the most prevalent and aggressive AGs of Rhizoctonia are devastating pathogens to red cabbage, which means that rotation with nonhost-crops for these AGs may be the most effective control strategy. This is the first comprehensive study of Rhizoctonia isolates in red cabbage using a molecular approach to assess genetic diversity using iPBS-amplified DNA profiling.Öğe Genetic diversity and population structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from Turkish sourdough by iPBS-retrotransposons markers(Springer, 2022) Aydın, Furkan; Özer, Göksel; Alkan, Mehtap; Çakır, İbrahimMolecular DNA markers are valuable tools for analyzing genetic variation among yeast from different populations to reveal the genetically different autochthonous strains. In this study, we employed inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon polymorphism to assess the genetic variation and population structure of 96 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from four different regions in Turkey. The nine selected iPBS primers amplified 102 reproducible and scorable bands, of which 95.10% were polymorphic with an average of 10.78 polymorphic fragments per primer. The average polymorphism information content and the resolving power were 0.26-3.58, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant (P < 0.001) genetic differences within populations (88%) and between populations (12%). The unweighted pair group mean with arithmetic (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped 96 S. cerevisiae strains into two main clusters, where the highest probability of the data elucidating the population structure was obtained at Delta K = 2. There was not an obvious genetic discrimination of the populations according to geographical regions on UPGMA, supported by principal coordinate analysis. However, the individuals of the closer provinces in each population were more likely to group together or closely. The results indicate that iPBS polymorphism is a useful tool to reveal the genetically diverse autochthonous S. cerevisiae strains that may be important for the production of sourdough or baked goods.Öğe Identity and pathogenicity of fungi associated with crown and root rot of dryland winter wheat in Azerbaijan(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2020) Özer, Göksel; Paulitz, Timothy C.; İmren, Mustafa; Alkan, Mehtap; Muminjanov, Hafiz; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.A comprehensive survey was performed to assess fungal populations associated with crown and root rot of wheat throughout the main wheat-growing areas of Azerbaijan. Samples were taken from 76 fields; 630 fungal strains were isolated, identified, and evaluated for pathogenicity. The identification was conducted with morphological and molecular tools such as species-specific PCR and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha) loci. The fungus found in the greatest number of fields (44) was Fusarium culmorum with 192 isolates, followed by F. acuminatum. Other Fusarium spp. isolates were identified: F. equiseti, F. pseudograminearum, F. graminearum, F. incarnatum, F. avenaceum, F. hostae, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. algeriense, and F. brachygibbosum. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia spicifera, Exserohilum pedicellatum, Nigrospora oryzae, and Rhizoctonia spp. isolates were also identified, associated with underground parts of wheat. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and EF1-a sequences of the isolates showed that the isolates belonging to the same species were clearly separated in the dendrogram. Pathogenicity assays revealed that F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. graminearum were most aggressive; F. avenaceum, F. hostae, F. algeriense, B. sorokiniana, C. spicifera, and R. solani isolates were moderately aggressive; C. inaequalis, E. pedicellatum, and N. oryzae were weakly aggressive; and others were nonpathogenic. The result of this study exhibited the existence of a wide range of species associated with crown and root rot of wheat in Azerbaijan. Additionally, this is the first report of F. hostae, F. algeriense, C. spicifera, C. inaequalis, and N. oryzae as pathogens on wheat in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is the second country after Algeria in which F. algeriense was detected.Öğe In Vitro Evaluation of Selenium Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi(2024) Özer, Göksel; Türkkan, Muharrem; Sönmez, Ferit; Kabakci, Hüseyin; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, SibelObjective: Selenium (Se) is garnering interest as a promising environmentally friendly element for controlling fungal pathogens in agricultural production. This study evaluated the impact of Se treatments, comprising sodium selenite (selenite) and sodium selenate (selenate) forms, on the growth of 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Materials and Methods: The impact of Se treatments on the mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi was assessed in in vitro conditions. Probit analysis was used to determine the concentrations of salts that induced a 50% reduction (EC50) in both mycelial growth and sporulation of fungi. Results: At the highest concentration (120 ppm), selenite demonstrated inhibitory effects on mycelial growth across various species, with a reduction in growth ranging from 6.82% to 62.46%. In contrast, selenate exhibited a broader spectrum of inhibition, affecting mycelial growth from 0% to 87.14%. Across different concentrations, Fusarium pseudograminearum displayed the highest sensitivity to selenite (EC50<24 ppm), followed by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Verticillium dahliae. Similarly, Colletotrichum coccodes exhibited the highest sensitivity to selenate treatment (EC50<24 ppm), followed by B. sorokiniana, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and V. dahliae. Both salts effectively inhibited sporulation across fungal species, with no significant difference observed. Colletotrichum coccodes, F. pseudograminearum, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, V. dahliae, and B. sorokiniana were significantly inhibited by selenite, while F. oxysporum exhibited lower inhibition. Similarly, these species, along with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum, were significantly inhibited by selenate, with slight differences between their inhibition percentages. EC50 values below 24 ppm were observed for C. coccodes, B. cinerea, F. culmorum, B. sorokiniana, and F. oxysporum, indicating potent inhibition of sporulation by both salts. Fusarium pseudograminearum required slightly higher concentrations for 50% inhibition. Verticillium dahliae showed higher sensitivity to selenate than selenite, with EC50 values of 33.16 ppm and below 24 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of Se's antifungal potential across diverse plant pathogenic fungal species in sustainable agriculture. Further research is warranted to elucidate its mechanisms and optimize treatment protocols for disease management.Öğe Karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Bitkisinden Hazırlanan Silaj Örneklerinin Kalitesi Üzerine Etkili Olan Laktik Asit Bakteri Profilinin DNA Parmak İzi Tekniği ile Tanımlanması(2021) Yamaner, Çiğdem; Alkan, Mehtap; Halavurt, Ebru Arslan; Tekin, Taha HarunBu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Ege Bölgesi’nde yer alan Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi denemealanında yetiştirilen karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)’dan hazırlanan silaj örneklerindeki laktik asit bakteri(LAB) profillerinin M13 ve (GTG)5 tekrarlı dizi primerleri ile PCR-DNA-parmak izi tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmesi vebaskın suşlar hakkında veri elde edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı kuru madde (KM) içeriklerine sahip karabuğdayörneklerine 2 farklı konsantrasyonda (1.5x105-1.5x106 kob g-1) inokulant ve 2 farklı konsantrasyonda (4-6 L t-1) formik asitilave edilerek hazırlanan 15 farklı silaj örneği kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak 15 farklı silaj örneğinin KM, pH ve Fleig puanları,daha sonra bu örneklerin toplam LAB sayıları ve LAB’ların cins düzeyinde çeşitliliği belirlenmiştir. Silaj örneklerinden laktikasit bakterileri olduğu tespit edilen 50 izolat elde edilmiş ve LAB çeşitliliğini tür düzeyinde tespit etmek amacıyla (GTG)5 veM13 primerleri kullanılarak bu izolatların Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) parmak izi profilleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadakullanılan 50 LAB izolatı için M13 primeri ile toplamda 52 lokus, (GTG)5 primeri ile 39 lokus üretilmiştir. Markör [M13 ve(GTG)5] sistemi, farklı LAB türlerine ait izolatlar arasında önemli bir değişkenlik sağlayan çok sayıda fragment üretmiştir.Kluster ve ayrım gücü analizi sonuçlarına göre silaj örneklerinin LAB profilinin moleküler karakterizasyonu için her ikiprimerin de [M13 ve (GTG)5] kullanılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Farklı KM oranına (% 20, % 30, % 40) sahip örneklermikrobiyal çeşitlilik ve kalite açısından incelendiğinde, % 30 KM içeriği ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, % 30 ve % 40 KMiçerikli örneklerde Enterococcus sayısının artması ve buna paralel olarak silaj kalitesinin de artması silaj kalitesi üzerineEnterococcus sayısının etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen izolatlardan iki tanesinin silaj starteriolabilme potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Bu veriler ışığında % 30 KM içeren karabuğday silajının yüksek LAB çeşitliliğine sahipkaliteli bir silaj ve alternatif kaba yem olacağı söylenebilir.Öğe Kışlık buğdaylarda kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğüne sebep olan Fusarium spp. izolatları arasındaki genetik varyasyonun retrotranzpozon temelli iPBS markörleri ile incelenmesi(2019) Alkan, Mehtap; Göre, Mehmet Erhan; Bayraktar, Harun; Özer, GökselBu çalışmada, kışlık buğdaylarda kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğüne sebep olan farklı Fusarium türlerine ait izolatlar arasındaki genetik çeşitlik, retrotranspozon temelli olan primerler arası bağlanma bölgesi (iPBS) markörleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Türkiye ve Azerbaycan buğday yetiştirme alanlarından 32 Fusarium türü izolat elde edilmiştir. İzolatlar arasında en yaygın bulunan tür 23 izolat ile F. culmorum olarak belirlenmiş, bunu beş izolat ile F. pseudograminearum ve dört izolat ile F. graminearum takip etmiştir. Yedi iPBS retrotranspozon markörü izolatlar için 99 adeti polimorfik (%86.8) olmak üzere 114 bant üretmiş, primer başına ortalama 14.14 polimorfik bant elde edilmiştir. Markörlerin polimorfik bilgi içeriği (PIC) ortalama 0.17 olup, bu değer 0.10 ile 0.29 arasında değişmiştir. iPBS markörleri ile elde edilen verilere dayalı ağırlıklı olmayan aritmetik ortalama eş grup metodu (UPGMA) küme analizlerinin sonrasında elde edilen dendrogramda, izolatlar tür seviyesinde ile üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Ayrıca grup içerisinde yer alan izolatlar ise orijini olan ülkeye göre dağılım sergilemiştir. Popülasyon yapısı, Bayesian modellemesine dayanılarak hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar dendrogramdaki izolatların kümelenmesini destekleyecek şekilde üç popülasyona ayrılmış (K = 3) ve Ln olasılığının en yüksek ortalama değeri (-476.0) eşlik etmiştir. iPBS markörlerinin kullanılması, türler arası seviyede oldukça yüksek düzeyde polimorfizm üretmiş olup türlerin birbirinden ayrılmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışma, buğdaydan elde edilmiş Fusarium spp. izolatlarının genetik çeşitliliğini ve popülasyon yapısını iPBS markörleri analizi ile ortaya koyan ilk çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.Öğe Leaf spot caused by Alternaria crassa on Datura stramonium in Turkey(Springer, 2022) Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, Sibel; Özer, GökselCorrectionÖğe Leaf spot caused by Alternaria crassa on Datura stramonium in Turkey(Springer, 2022) Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Alkan, Mehtap; Derviş, Sibel; Özer, GökselIn August 2021, jimson weed (Datura stramonium) plants growing as weeds in potato fields in Bolu province, Turkey, exhibited leaf spots with dark concentric rings. Sunken and lens-shaped lesions with a light center were also frequently observed on petioles, branches, and stems. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase loci, the causal agent was identified as Alternaria crassa. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from inoculated jimson weed plants in the pathogenicity assay, proving Koch's postulates. Alternaria crassa caused necrotic lesions on potato plants, similar to those of early blight, confirming them as an alternative host of the pathogen. This is apparently the first report of leaf spot caused by A. crassa on jimson weed in Turkey.Öğe Molecular and pathogenic characterization of Cochliobolus anamorphs associated with common root rot of wheat in Azerbaijan(Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, 2020) Özer, Göksel; İmren, Mustafa; Alkan, Mehtap; Pau-Litz, Timothy C.; Bayraktar, Harun; Palacıoğlu, Gülsüm; Mehdi-Yev, İbrahimGenetic variation among the Azerbaijani isolates of anamorphs of Cochliobolus spp., the causal agents of common root rot of wheat, was evaluated using pathogenicity assessments, sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene, as well as inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers. Twenty-eight isolates used in this study were obtained from diseased wheat plants in cereal growing regions of Azerbaijan in 2017. Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia spicifera, and Curvularia inaequalis were identified. Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates were the most virulent on wheat seedlings, followed by isolates of C. spicifera and C. inaequalis. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset of the ITS and GPDH regions grouped the isolates into three clusters, each of which contained isolates of one species. The dendrogram derived from the unweighted pair-grouped method by arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analyses based on the data of ISSR and iPBS markers divided the isolates into three clusters in concordance to their taxonomic grouping at species level, but without correlation to their geographic origins. Population structure of isolates was estimated based on Bayesian modelling, and this showed three populations (K = 3) supporting the separation of isolates in the dendrogram with the greatest mean value of Ln likelihood (-893,8). Utilization of the markers either separately or together produced a high level of polymorphism at interspecies level, which allowed for the separation of species. Although both marker systems had similar discrimination power to reveal genetic differences among the species, ISSR markers were more informative for eliciting intraspecies polymorphisms within B. sorokiniana and C. spicifera isolates. This is the first study on genetic diversity and population structure of anamorphic stages of Cochliobolus associated with common root rot of wheat using iPBS markers.Öğe Molecular characterization of native entomopathogenic fungi from ambrosia beetles in hazelnut orchards of Turkey and evaluation of their in vitro efficacy(MDPI, 2022) Kushiyev, Rahman; Tunçer, Celal; Özdemir, İsmail Oğuz; Erper, İsmail; Kalendar, Ruslan; Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, GökselTurkey is the world’s largest producer and exporter of hazelnut. Ambrosia beetle species are the most common species of pests for hazelnut in the orchards of Turkey. These beetles cause enormous economic losses by draining hazelnut branches and trees. The techniques for managing ambrosia beetles are limited. The more effective and eco-friendly alternative control methods, including the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), should be included in integrated pest management programs to suppress ambrosia beetle populations. The objectives of the current study were (i) to isolate EPF from individual ambrosia beetles that were obtained from Turkey’s main hazelnut production areas; (ii) to characterize EPF isolates using DNA sequencing and iPBS profiling; and (iii) to assess the effectiveness of the isolates against three ambrosia beetle species under laboratory conditions. A total of 47 EPF isolates were obtained from beetle cadavers and classified into eight EPF species. For the first time, the primer binding site (PBS) marker system was used to successfully discriminate among the EPF species. Some isolates caused 100% mortality of the beetle species within 7 to 9 days, depending on the beetle species, demonstrating their effectiveness in managing the pests. The major EPF species in this study provided an important basis for developing bioproducts and a possible alternative approach in controlling these ambrosia beetles. Abstract: Ambrosia beetles, Anisandrus dispar Fabricius, Xylosandrus germanus Blandford, and Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are among the most significant hazelnut pests in Turkey. The control of these pests is difficult and expensive due to their biology. The present study aimed to isolate entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from A. dispar, X. germanus, and X. saxesenii individuals that were obtained from the main hazelnut production areas of Turkey, characterize the EPF isolates using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-DNA sequencing and iPBS profiling, and determine the efficacy of the isolates against A. dispar, X. germanus, and X. saxesenii under laboratory conditions. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS revealed that the 47 native isolates were Beauveria bassiana (11), B. pseudobassiana (8), Cordyceps fumosorosea (6), Cordyceps farinosa (1), Akanthomyces lecanii (13), Purpureocillium lilacinum (3), Clonostachys rosea (2) and Metarhizium anisopliae (3). For the first time, the primer binding site (PBS) marker system, based on retrotransposons, was used to discriminate successfully among the EPF species. Some isolates of B. bassiana, B. pseudobassiana, C. fumosorosea, A. lecanii, and M. anisopliae caused 100% mortality of the beetle species within 7 to 9 days. The findings of this study indicated that some isolated entomopathogenic fungi provide an essential basis for the development of bioproducts, as well as a promising alternative method for controlling these ambrosia beetles.
