Pilot ölçekli atımlı elektrik alanı sistem prosesinin salatalık, buğday ve mısır tohumlarının kalite özellikleri ile tohum gücü üzerine etkisi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tohum kalitesi mahsul üretimi için çok önemlidir. Tohum kalitesini artırmak için ise en yaygın kullanılan yöntemlerden biri kimyasal uygulamalarıdır. Kimyasal uygulamalar çoğu zaman tohumlara zarar vermekte ve tohumun çimlenme kabiliyetini azaltmaktadır. Bu nedenle, tohum dezenfeksiyonu ve kalite kaybının önlenmesi amacıyla ekonomik, çevreye zarar vermeyen ve insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olmayan pratik ve çevre dostu teknolojilere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu amaçla bu tezde mısır ve buğday daneleri ile salatalık tohumlarına 100-300 Hz frekanslarda, 1-8 döngü sayısında atımlı elektrik alan uygulanarak tohumların mikrobiyolojik ve tohum kalite kriterleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Mısır tohumlarına uygulanan 6.00, 2.82, 22.56, 18.00 ve 28.80 J atımlı elektrik alanı (AEA) uygulamalardan sonra toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB) tamamen inaktive edilmiştir. Toplam maya ve küf (TMK) sayısında en iyi inaktivasyon ise 28.80 J enerji uygulamasıyla gerçekleşmiş ve yaklaşık 1 log kob/g azalma sağlanmıştır. Buğday danesi ve salatalık tohumlarında ise en iyi TAMB ve TMK inaktivasyonları 17.28 J AEA uygulaması ile gerçekleşmiş ve sırasıyla buğday danelerinde 0.97 ve 1.15 log kob/g, salatalık tohumlarında ise 3.22 ve 1.31 log kob/g azalma sağlanmıştır. Buğday daneleri ile salatalık tohumlarının yüzeyine 105-106 kob/g seviyesinde inoküle edilen Aspergillus parasiticus sayısında ise en iyi azalmalar sırasıyla 3.21 J ve 10.88 J AEA uygulamasından sonra 0.96 log kob/g ve 1.27 log kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mısır tohumlarında en iyi A. parasiticus inaktivasyonu 1.15 log kob/g olarak 25.44 J AEA uygulamasında görülmüştür. Tohumların elektriksel iletkenlikleri incelendiğinde tüm tohumlarda AEA uygulamasından ziyade ölçüm süresinin iletkenlik artışında önemli olduğu ve 24 saat sonunda ölçülen elektriksel iletkenlik değerlerinin 4 ve 8 saat sonunda ölçülen değerlerden önemli ölçüde yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. AEA uygulamalarının tohum kalite kriterlerine etkisi incelendiğinde ise tohumların ve danelerin çimlenme kabiliyetinin arttığı tohumların soğuk ve tuzluluk streslerine karşı daha dayanıklı hale geldiği görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla elde edilen veriler AEA teknolojisinin tohum yüzey dezenfeksiyonu ve tohum kalitesini artırmak amacıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Seed quality is very important for crop production. Chemical applications are one of the most widely used methods to improve seed quality. However, chemical applications often damage the seeds and reduce their germination ability. Therefore, in order to prevent seed disinfection and quality loss, practical and environmentally friendly economic technologies that do not harm the ecological environment and natural resources as well as do not carry adverse effects on human health need to be pursued. For this purpose, pulsed electric fields (PEF) with 1-8 cycles at 100-300 Hz frequencies to corn, wheat grains and cucumber seeds were applied to determine effects of applied PEF parameters on seeds quality parameters and inactivation of endogenous microflora. Complete inactivation on TAMB was observed on corn grains after 6.00, 2.82, 22.56, 18.00 and 28.80 J AEA applications The highest amount of inactivation of 1 log cfu/g on TMY count was achieved with 28.80 J energy application. The highest amount of inactivation with 0.97 and 1.15 log cfu/g decrese on the mean initial TAMB and TMY counts were achieved with 28.8 J and 17.28 J PEF applications on wheat grains and cucumber seeds, respectively. The highest decrease in the number of Aspergillus parasiticus inoculated at 105-106 cfu/g on the surface of wheat grains and cucumber seeds were enumared as 0.96 and 1.27 log cfu/g after 3.21 J and 10.88 J PEF applications, respectively. The highest reduction in the mean initial A. parasiticus inactivation in corn seeds was enumared as 1.15 log cfu/g with 25.44 J PEF application. It was observed that regardless of the treated seeds and grains, PEF applications provided significantly higher germination ability. Moreover, PEF-treated seeds were more resistant to cold and salinity stresses. When the electrical conductivity of the seeds was examined, the electrical conductivity values were significantly increased by the measurement time rather than that of the PEF treatment, and the samples at the end of 24 hours had significantly higher conductivity values than that of the measurements made after both 4th and 8th hours. Therefore, the data obtained revealed that PEF technology can be used for seed surface disinfection and improvement of seed vigour.
Seed quality is very important for crop production. Chemical applications are one of the most widely used methods to improve seed quality. However, chemical applications often damage the seeds and reduce their germination ability. Therefore, in order to prevent seed disinfection and quality loss, practical and environmentally friendly economic technologies that do not harm the ecological environment and natural resources as well as do not carry adverse effects on human health need to be pursued. For this purpose, pulsed electric fields (PEF) with 1-8 cycles at 100-300 Hz frequencies to corn, wheat grains and cucumber seeds were applied to determine effects of applied PEF parameters on seeds quality parameters and inactivation of endogenous microflora. Complete inactivation on TAMB was observed on corn grains after 6.00, 2.82, 22.56, 18.00 and 28.80 J AEA applications The highest amount of inactivation of 1 log cfu/g on TMY count was achieved with 28.80 J energy application. The highest amount of inactivation with 0.97 and 1.15 log cfu/g decrese on the mean initial TAMB and TMY counts were achieved with 28.8 J and 17.28 J PEF applications on wheat grains and cucumber seeds, respectively. The highest decrease in the number of Aspergillus parasiticus inoculated at 105-106 cfu/g on the surface of wheat grains and cucumber seeds were enumared as 0.96 and 1.27 log cfu/g after 3.21 J and 10.88 J PEF applications, respectively. The highest reduction in the mean initial A. parasiticus inactivation in corn seeds was enumared as 1.15 log cfu/g with 25.44 J PEF application. It was observed that regardless of the treated seeds and grains, PEF applications provided significantly higher germination ability. Moreover, PEF-treated seeds were more resistant to cold and salinity stresses. When the electrical conductivity of the seeds was examined, the electrical conductivity values were significantly increased by the measurement time rather than that of the PEF treatment, and the samples at the end of 24 hours had significantly higher conductivity values than that of the measurements made after both 4th and 8th hours. Therefore, the data obtained revealed that PEF technology can be used for seed surface disinfection and improvement of seed vigour.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gıda Mühendisliği, Food Engineering
