Spor seyircilerinin spor müsabakalarını seyretme sebeplerinin incelenmesi: Üniversite öğrencileri örneği
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmanın amacı spor seyircilerinin spor tüketim davranışlarını etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymak ve belirlenen değişkenlerle arasındaki ilişki ve farklılıkları belirlemektir. Araştırmanın evreni üniversitede okuyan ve spor müsabakalarını seyreden öğrencilerdir. Örneklem grubu ise ulaşılabilir örneklem yöntemiyle seçilen 209 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Üç bölümlü olan ölçüm aracının birinci ve ikinci bölümünde araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Likert tipi Spor Seyircileri İçin Dışsal Güdü Ölçeği ile Spor Seyircileri İçin İçsel Güdü Ölçeği bulunurken üçüncü bölümde, demografik bilgi toplamak amacıyla oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formu yer almaktadır. Ölçeklerin geliştirilme sürecinde öncelikle literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonrasında 12 grupla (N=75) yarı yapılandırılmış nitel görüşme yapılmıştır. Edinilen bilgilere göre madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur ve uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Gelen dönütlerle madde havuzu 113 maddeli olarak dağıtılmaya hazırlanmıştır. Madde havuzunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği için yapılan araştırmanın çalışma evreni üniversitede okuyan ve spor müsabakalarını seyreden öğrencilerdir. 415 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Madde havuzu içsel ve dışsal faktörler olarak gruplara ayrılmıştır. Dışsal faktörler 48, içsel faktörler ise 65 maddeden oluşmuştur. Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi?nin kullanıldığı Seyirciler İçin Dışsal Faktörler Ölçeği için test edilen 48 maddeden 34?ünün öz değerinin 1?den büyük dokuz faktör altında toplandığı görülmüştür. Toplam ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık değeri ?=0,92 olarak bulunmuştur. Seyirciler İçin İçsel faktörler Ölçeği için ise analize alınan 65 maddeden 40?ının öz değerinin 1?den büyük yedi faktör altında toplandığı belirlenmiştir. Toplam ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık değerleri ise ?=0,96?dır. Ana çalışmanın verilerinin çözümlenmesinde alt boyutlar ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki aritmetik ortalamalara ve standart sapmalara bakılmıştır. Yine alt boyutlar ve bağımsız değişkemler arasında; iki ortalama arasındaki farkın anlamlılığı testi, Pearson Korelasyon analizi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi testi uygulanmıştır. Tek yönlü varyans analizi testinde ortaya çıkan anlamlı farklar için ise Post Hoc Tukey ve LSD testlerine başvurulmuştur. 568 Elde edilen araştırma bulgularına göre sonuçlar özetlendiğinde; cinsiyet, spor müsabakalarını seyretmek için yapılan harcama miktarı, aktif sporculuk durumu, taraftarlık düzeyi, en çok seyredilen spor branşı, spor müsabakalarını; yerinden seyretme sıklığı, televizyondan seyretme sıklığı, internetten/cep telefonundan seyretme sıklığı, radyodan dinleme sıklığı, sporla ilgili sohbet etme sıklığı ve spor yapma sıklığı değişkenlerinin, spor müsabakalarını içsel ve dışsal seyretme sebeplerinden çeşitli faktörleri etkilediği söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Spor Seyircisi, Spor Müsabakaları, Seyretme Güdüsü.
The purpose of the study was to determine the relevant factors that affect sport spectators? consumption behavior and to identify the relationship and differences of these factors according to the pre-determined variables. The population of the study was composed of university student who were sport event spectators. The sample group was composed of 209 students who were sampled through convenient sampling method. While there were two Likert Type scales developed by the researcher which were named External Motivations Scale for Sport Spectators and Internal Motivations Scale for Sport Spectators in the first and second sections of the main scale, which was composed of three sections, in the third section there was a personal information form for gathering demographic information. Initially, a literature review was done in the scale development process. Then, a semi-constructed qualitative interview was conducted with 12 groups (n=75). Based upon the data an item pool was formed and expert views were obtained accordingly. A pool with 113 items, in light of the feedbacks, was eventually reached ready to distribute. The population of the study done for validity or reliability comprised the university students who were spectating sport events. 415 questionnaires were taken into evaluation. The item pool was divided into two groups. External factors were composed of 48 items and internal factors group included 65 items. According to the exploratory factor analysis, which was conducted for the 48 items composing the External Motivations for Sport Spectators Scale, 34 items were grouped under 9 factors which had eigenvalues over 1. The Cronbach?s Alpha value for the total scale was .92. In the analysis of the Internal Motivations for Sport Spectators Scale, which was composed of 65 items, 40 items were grouped under 7 factors which had eigenvalues over 1. The Cronbach?s Alpha value of the total scale was .96. In the data analysis of the main study the means and standart deviations between sub-factors and independent variables were calculated. Also, independent t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, One-way Variance Test was conducted to the data. Tukey and LSD tests were used as Post Hoc tests to analyze the differences provided through One-way Variance Analysis. As a result of the findings of the research, the variables such as gender, expenditure amount on watching sport competitions, being a licensed player, the level of fandom, the mostly-viewed sport discipline, watching the events in venues as a spectator, the frequency of viewing events on TV, mobile-phones or internet, the frequency of listening on the radio, the frequency of talking about sport, involving any sport activity could possibly be the determining factors which influence both internal and external motives for spectators. Key Words: Sport Spectator, Sporting Events, Watching Motivation
The purpose of the study was to determine the relevant factors that affect sport spectators? consumption behavior and to identify the relationship and differences of these factors according to the pre-determined variables. The population of the study was composed of university student who were sport event spectators. The sample group was composed of 209 students who were sampled through convenient sampling method. While there were two Likert Type scales developed by the researcher which were named External Motivations Scale for Sport Spectators and Internal Motivations Scale for Sport Spectators in the first and second sections of the main scale, which was composed of three sections, in the third section there was a personal information form for gathering demographic information. Initially, a literature review was done in the scale development process. Then, a semi-constructed qualitative interview was conducted with 12 groups (n=75). Based upon the data an item pool was formed and expert views were obtained accordingly. A pool with 113 items, in light of the feedbacks, was eventually reached ready to distribute. The population of the study done for validity or reliability comprised the university students who were spectating sport events. 415 questionnaires were taken into evaluation. The item pool was divided into two groups. External factors were composed of 48 items and internal factors group included 65 items. According to the exploratory factor analysis, which was conducted for the 48 items composing the External Motivations for Sport Spectators Scale, 34 items were grouped under 9 factors which had eigenvalues over 1. The Cronbach?s Alpha value for the total scale was .92. In the analysis of the Internal Motivations for Sport Spectators Scale, which was composed of 65 items, 40 items were grouped under 7 factors which had eigenvalues over 1. The Cronbach?s Alpha value of the total scale was .96. In the data analysis of the main study the means and standart deviations between sub-factors and independent variables were calculated. Also, independent t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis, One-way Variance Test was conducted to the data. Tukey and LSD tests were used as Post Hoc tests to analyze the differences provided through One-way Variance Analysis. As a result of the findings of the research, the variables such as gender, expenditure amount on watching sport competitions, being a licensed player, the level of fandom, the mostly-viewed sport discipline, watching the events in venues as a spectator, the frequency of viewing events on TV, mobile-phones or internet, the frequency of listening on the radio, the frequency of talking about sport, involving any sport activity could possibly be the determining factors which influence both internal and external motives for spectators. Key Words: Sport Spectator, Sporting Events, Watching Motivation
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Spor Yöneticiliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Spor, Sports ; İşletme
