Variability in the Biofortification Properties of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most important annual herbaceous plants belonging to Fabaceae family. It has high concentrations of proteins, fiber, and nutrients, as well as medicinal properties thanks to sapogenins, alkaloids, and other compounds. Also, fenugreek seeds include many critical chemical properties, such as fatty acids, vitamins, and nicotinic acid. Fenugreek has also been used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries because it contains valuable metabolites. In this context, the biofortification of fenugreeks can be used as sustainable and cost-effective materials to combat malnutrition in developing countries. The biofortification of fenugreeks differs depending on the genotype, the level of genetic variability, and environmental factors. For this reason, this review highlights the genetic diversity of fenugreeks together with different culture studies, such as those on breeding, transgenic techniques, and/or agronomic applications, in order to reveal how to biofortify fenugreeks. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.