Nisâ suresinin 34. ayeti bağlamında evlilik hayatında kadının geçimsizliği durumunda uygulancak çözümlerden “Darb”a dair
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Tarih
2017
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Evlilik hayatında erkek ya da kadından kaynaklanan bir geçimsizliğin/isyanın olması ihtimal dâhilinde olan bir husustur. Kur'ân-ı Kerim bu durumu Nisa Suresi’nde ‘nuşûz’ kelimesiyle ifade etmiştir. Ancak nuşûzun erkekten ya da kadından sadır olmasına göre farklı çözümler sunmuştur. Nuşûzun kaynağının erkek olması durumunda uygulanacak çözüm surenin 128-130. ayetlerinde ele alınmıştır. Burada sunulan çözümün anlaşılması ve uygulanmasına dair fazla bir problem bulunmamaktadır. Nuşûzun kaynağının kadın olması durumunda ise icra edilecek çözüm çalışmamıza konu olan 34. ayette paylaşılmaktadır. Bu ayette sunulan çözüm ilim ehlinin çoğunluğu tarafından‘öğüt vermek, yatağını terk etmek ve vurmak’ şeklinde anlaşılmıştır. Ancak bu algının son bölümü kadına karşı şiddeti içermesi sebebiyle zihinlerde sürekli bir soru işareti barındıragelmiştir. Bireylerin birbirine şiddet uygulaması/ihkâk-ı hak İslam Hukuku’nda reddedilmiş olmasına rağmen ayetteki bu ifadeye ‘vurmak’ anlamının verilmesi Kur'ân’ın ve Sünnet’in genel ruhuna aykırı düşmektedir. Zira Kur'ân’da ısrarlı bir biçimde kadınlara iyi davranılması, onlara kötü muamele yapılmaması, evlilik hayatının hoş bir şekilde devam ettirilmesi, şayet bu mümkün olmuyorsa güzel bir biçimde sonlandırılması emredilmektedir. Hz. Muhammed’in hadislerinde de -her ne kadar vurmak ifadeleri yer alıyorsa da- temel saik vurmak değil, kaba kuvvetin sonlandırılmasıdır. Ayrıca Hz. Muhammed’in kendisi de hayatının hiçbir safhasında hanımlarına vurmuş değildir. Bundan dolayı çalışmamız ayetteki “واضربوهن “ifadesiyle ilgili “vurunuz” şeklindeki anlamı tartışmakta ve ayetin daha doğru manasının ortaya çıkarılması için çaba sarf etmektedir.
It is possible to have a rebellion arising from any of the spouses in matrimonial cohabitation. This is defined as ‘’nushooz’’ (شوزُ ُن) (rebellion) in the surah An-Nisa in Holy Quran. However, different solutions are proposed depending on whether the nushooza, i.e. the rebellion, arises from the wife or the husband. In cases where the nushooza arises from the male spouse, the solution that shall be applied is defined in the verses 128 to 130 in the said surah. There is no problem on the perception and implementation of the solution defined in these verses. If, however, the rebellion arises from the female spouse, then the solution to be applied in such a case is defined in the 34th verse which is investigated in our present study. The solution presented in this verse is understood as ‘advise them, refuse to share their beds and hit them’ by the majority of the competent scholars. Since, however, the last part of this understanding involves a statement of violence against women, it has always been a questionable interpretation. Even though committing violence against individuals (i.e. ihqaq al-haqq) is disapproved in Islamic Law, the interpretation of this statement in the said verse as ‘’hitting’’ is contrary to the spirit of Holy Quran and also to that of Sunna, i.e. the Prophet's practices, because it is urgently stipulated in Holy Quran that one should be nice to women, avoiding maltreatment against them, that the matrimonial cohabitation should always be maintained in harmony, and that, when this is not possible, then it should be terminated in a peaceful way. It is clear that Muhammad the Prophet also underlined in his sharings the termination of brute force, but not hitting, as basic motive, even though hitting as statement was also mentioned. Besides, Muhammad the Prophet never hit any woman in any stage of his life. Our study discusses therefore the interpretation of the statement in this verse “واضربوهن “as ‘hit them’ and makes an attempt to suggest a reasonable interpretation of the verse.
It is possible to have a rebellion arising from any of the spouses in matrimonial cohabitation. This is defined as ‘’nushooz’’ (شوزُ ُن) (rebellion) in the surah An-Nisa in Holy Quran. However, different solutions are proposed depending on whether the nushooza, i.e. the rebellion, arises from the wife or the husband. In cases where the nushooza arises from the male spouse, the solution that shall be applied is defined in the verses 128 to 130 in the said surah. There is no problem on the perception and implementation of the solution defined in these verses. If, however, the rebellion arises from the female spouse, then the solution to be applied in such a case is defined in the 34th verse which is investigated in our present study. The solution presented in this verse is understood as ‘advise them, refuse to share their beds and hit them’ by the majority of the competent scholars. Since, however, the last part of this understanding involves a statement of violence against women, it has always been a questionable interpretation. Even though committing violence against individuals (i.e. ihqaq al-haqq) is disapproved in Islamic Law, the interpretation of this statement in the said verse as ‘’hitting’’ is contrary to the spirit of Holy Quran and also to that of Sunna, i.e. the Prophet's practices, because it is urgently stipulated in Holy Quran that one should be nice to women, avoiding maltreatment against them, that the matrimonial cohabitation should always be maintained in harmony, and that, when this is not possible, then it should be terminated in a peaceful way. It is clear that Muhammad the Prophet also underlined in his sharings the termination of brute force, but not hitting, as basic motive, even though hitting as statement was also mentioned. Besides, Muhammad the Prophet never hit any woman in any stage of his life. Our study discusses therefore the interpretation of the statement in this verse “واضربوهن “as ‘hit them’ and makes an attempt to suggest a reasonable interpretation of the verse.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kur'ân, Evlilik, Kadın, Nuşûz/Geçimsizlik, Vurmak, Holy Quran, Matrimony, Women, Nushooz/Rebellion, Hitting
Kaynak
Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
12
Sayı
27
