1930’larda bir mimar: İzzet Baysal
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2009
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İzzet Baysal, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde (1923-1950) yetişmiş az sayıdaki Türk mimardan birisidir. Mimarlık mesleğini 1931-1943 yılları arasında sürdürmüş, daha sonra ticaret yaşamına atılmıştır. Kısa süren mimarlık yaşamında azımsanamayacak sayıda yapı tasarlamış ve gerçekleştirmiştir. Çoğu konut olan bu yapıların hiçbiri günümüzde ne yazık ki ayakta değildir. Ancak, yapıların izi sürüldüğünde ulaşılan belgeler, bu yapıların Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde etkili olan Uluslararası Mimarlık Üslubunun başkent Ankara dışındaki önemli örnekleri olduklarını göstermektedir. Baysal’ın kamu ve konut yapıları, bu üsluba uygun olarak, işlevine göre biçimlenmiş, bezemeden arındırılmış, yalın ve sade bir anlatıma sahiptir. Konut tasarımları, geleneksel Türk aile yaşamında Tanzimat ile başlayan ve Cumhuriyet ile birlikte yeni bir anlam kazanan dönüşümlerin açıkça okunabildiği, ancak oldukça mütevazi taşra örnekleridir. Makalemizde, İzzet Baysal’ın 1930’lu yıllarda tasarımını ve yapımını gerçekleştirdiği, belgelerine ulaşılabilen sekiz bina tanıtılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Mimarın 1930’lardaki bu projelerine ilişkin yazılı ve görsel belgeler, dönemin tek mimarlık dergisi olan Arkitekt’ten elde edilebilmiştir. Bunlar, Eskişehir Hava Mektebi (1936), Eskişehir Halkevi (1936), Bolu’da konut (1933), Eskişehir’de iki konut (1935), Ayrıca Eskişehir’de Bayan Feride Evi ve Bay Salahattin Evi olarak adlandırılmış iki konut (1935) ve Ankara Karanfil Sokak’taki konuttur (1938). Makalede önce, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlık ortamında İzzet Baysal’ın da uygulayıcısı olduğu Uluslararası Mimarlık Üslubu ve Türk mimarların bu üslup karşısındaki tutumları kısaca ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra İzzet Baysal’ın mimarlık yaşamı ve sözkonusu sekiz yapısı, eldeki görsel ve yazılı belgelere dayanarak tanıtılmıştır. Son bölümde ise bu yapılar ve İzzet Baysal mimarlığı Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığı bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
İzzet Baysal was one of the few Turkish architects who had been trained in the Early Republican Period (1923-1950). He practiced architecture between 1931 and 1943; then he took the field in trade business. He designed and constructed a considerable number of buildings in his short professional life as an architect. Unfortunately, none of these buildings, most of which were houses, are standing today. However, the documents reached by tracing these buildings reveal that these buildings belonged to the International Style that was used during the Early Republican Period as significant examples outside the capital city, Ankara. Baysal’s public buildings and houses had a simple and bare expression that was formed due to their functions, and free of ornament, as proper to the style. His house designs were cases where the transformations in traditional Turkish family life, which had begun with Tanzimat and gained a new meaning with the Republic, could explicitly be read, but those were still quite modest provincial examples. In this article, eight buildings, whose documents could be accessed, and which were designed and constructed by İzzet Baysal, are presented and evaluated. The written and visual documents about these buildings, which were among the works of the architect during the 1930’s, were acquired from the only architectural magazine of the period, Arkitekt. These buildings are Eskişehir Aviation School (1936), Eskişehir Community House (1936), a house at Bolu (1933), two houses at Eskişehir (1935), two other houses named as Mrs. Feride’s House and Mr. Selahattin’s House at Eskişehir (1935), and a house on Karanfil Street, Ankara (1938). In this article, the International Style, which was also used by İzzet Baysal, and the attitude of Turkish architects towards this style within the Early Republican Period architectural milieu are initially discussed briefly. Afterwards, İzzet Baysal’s professional life as an architect and his eight buildings under examination are described depending on the written and visual documents. In the concluding section, these buildings and the architecture of İzzet Baysal are evaluated within the context of the Early Republican Period architecture.
İzzet Baysal was one of the few Turkish architects who had been trained in the Early Republican Period (1923-1950). He practiced architecture between 1931 and 1943; then he took the field in trade business. He designed and constructed a considerable number of buildings in his short professional life as an architect. Unfortunately, none of these buildings, most of which were houses, are standing today. However, the documents reached by tracing these buildings reveal that these buildings belonged to the International Style that was used during the Early Republican Period as significant examples outside the capital city, Ankara. Baysal’s public buildings and houses had a simple and bare expression that was formed due to their functions, and free of ornament, as proper to the style. His house designs were cases where the transformations in traditional Turkish family life, which had begun with Tanzimat and gained a new meaning with the Republic, could explicitly be read, but those were still quite modest provincial examples. In this article, eight buildings, whose documents could be accessed, and which were designed and constructed by İzzet Baysal, are presented and evaluated. The written and visual documents about these buildings, which were among the works of the architect during the 1930’s, were acquired from the only architectural magazine of the period, Arkitekt. These buildings are Eskişehir Aviation School (1936), Eskişehir Community House (1936), a house at Bolu (1933), two houses at Eskişehir (1935), two other houses named as Mrs. Feride’s House and Mr. Selahattin’s House at Eskişehir (1935), and a house on Karanfil Street, Ankara (1938). In this article, the International Style, which was also used by İzzet Baysal, and the attitude of Turkish architects towards this style within the Early Republican Period architectural milieu are initially discussed briefly. Afterwards, İzzet Baysal’s professional life as an architect and his eight buildings under examination are described depending on the written and visual documents. In the concluding section, these buildings and the architecture of İzzet Baysal are evaluated within the context of the Early Republican Period architecture.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İzzet Baysal, Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Mimarlığı, Uluslararası Üslup, Modern Mimarlık, Early Republican Architecture, International Style, Modern Architecture
Kaynak
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
26
Sayı
1
