Bir Osmanlı müderrisinin icâzetnâmesi ve tarihî kaynak değeri üzerine bazı mülahazalar
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Tarih
2014
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İcâzet, hocanın öğrencisine, kendisinden öğrendiği bilgileri aktarması için verdiği izni ifade eden terimdir. Öncesi miladî IX. yüzyıla dayanan ve tarihî bir derinliğe sahip olan uygulamadır. İlk olarak hadis alanında kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Ardından ilimlerin daha sistemli hale getirilmesiyle birlikte, hadis dışı disiplinlerde de kullanılır olmuştur. İslâmî eğitim-öğretim sistemine has olan bu gelenek, Farsça'nın ve Osmanlı Türkçesi'nin kullanıldığı coğrafyalarda "icâzetnâme" tabiriyle ifade edilmiştir. Diğer yerlerdeki uygulamalara nazaran Osmanlı'da icâzetnâmelerin, şekil, muhteva, veriliş esnasında riayet edilen esaslar bakımından, daha sistemli bir yapıya sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bütün bunlar çerçevesinde icâzetnâmeler, kaynak değeri açısından tarihî vesika hükmündedir. İcâzetnâme, sahibi için, onun eğitim-öğretim faaliyetine etkin bir kimlikle katılabilme yeterliliğini gösterir. Ayrıca icâzetnâmeler, içerik bakımından döneminin, ilim ve kültür hayatına, eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerine, hatta eğitim ve ilim merkezi olma bakımından kentlerin tarihine ve bunlar gibi daha birçok konuya ışık tutması yönüyle önemlidir. Bu önemine binaen makalede, Osmanlı'nın son döneminde yaşamış ve müderrislik görevinde bulunmuş Şerefeddin Şaban Efendi'nin icâzetnâmesinin, icâzetnâme külliyatı içerisindeki yeri tespit edilecektir. Tespit esnasında, şekil ve muhtevâ bakımından tahliller yapılarak icâzetnâmenin, genel icâzetnâme formlarıyla örtüşen ve farklılaşan yönleri belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca icâzetnâme vesilesiyle geçmişle bağ kurma çabalarını sağlam bir zemine oturtmak için, onun tarihî kaynak değerinin ortaya konulmasına gayret gösterilecektir. Son olarak, icâzetnâmenin verildiği dönemi anlama adına Osmanlı eğitim-öğretim sisteminde bu uygulamanın işleyişine ana hatlarıyla değinilecektir.
Idjâza is a term used to describe a principal's approval of its agent to transmit what he has learnt from his principle to others. This practice dates back to IXth century A.D. and is of a historical depth. It was first used in the field of hadith. Later, together with the more systematic process of sciences, it had been used in other disciplines as well as hadith. This tradition, unique to Islamic education system, was defined as “idjâzet-nâme” in the geographical regions where Persian and Ottoman Turkish were used. Compared to the practices in other regions, the idjâzet-nâmes in the Ottoman period, had a more systematic structure in terms of the form, the content and the followed principles during the ceremony. Within the frame of all of these things mentioned above, idjâzet-nâmes, in terms of the resource value, are historical documents. An Idjâzet-nâme proves that the holder itself was authorized to be able to join the training and teaching activities with an effective identity. Moreover, idjâzet-nâmes are of vital importance because of the fact that they are not only enlighten the period of the relevant term in terms of content, the scientific and cultural life and educational activities, but also enlighten even the history of the cities from the point of being a science and education center and so many issues like these. By the virtue of this importance, in the article, the status of idjâzet-nâme of Şerefeddin Şaban Efendi, who lived in the late period of Ottoman and worked as a muderris, will be determined within the idjâzet-nâme corpus. During this process, shape and content analysis of the idjâzet-nâme will be done and in what aspects the idjâzet-nâme matches or differentiates from the point of conventional idjâzet-nâme forms will be tried to be found out. What’s more, by means of idjâzet-nâme, we will try to do our best not only to establish a sound basis for the efforts to make up a firm link with the past, but also to set forth its value as a historical resource. Finally, for the sake of understanding the period when the idjâzet-nâme was granted, the procedure of this practice in the Ottoman Educational System will be studied predominantly.
Idjâza is a term used to describe a principal's approval of its agent to transmit what he has learnt from his principle to others. This practice dates back to IXth century A.D. and is of a historical depth. It was first used in the field of hadith. Later, together with the more systematic process of sciences, it had been used in other disciplines as well as hadith. This tradition, unique to Islamic education system, was defined as “idjâzet-nâme” in the geographical regions where Persian and Ottoman Turkish were used. Compared to the practices in other regions, the idjâzet-nâmes in the Ottoman period, had a more systematic structure in terms of the form, the content and the followed principles during the ceremony. Within the frame of all of these things mentioned above, idjâzet-nâmes, in terms of the resource value, are historical documents. An Idjâzet-nâme proves that the holder itself was authorized to be able to join the training and teaching activities with an effective identity. Moreover, idjâzet-nâmes are of vital importance because of the fact that they are not only enlighten the period of the relevant term in terms of content, the scientific and cultural life and educational activities, but also enlighten even the history of the cities from the point of being a science and education center and so many issues like these. By the virtue of this importance, in the article, the status of idjâzet-nâme of Şerefeddin Şaban Efendi, who lived in the late period of Ottoman and worked as a muderris, will be determined within the idjâzet-nâme corpus. During this process, shape and content analysis of the idjâzet-nâme will be done and in what aspects the idjâzet-nâme matches or differentiates from the point of conventional idjâzet-nâme forms will be tried to be found out. What’s more, by means of idjâzet-nâme, we will try to do our best not only to establish a sound basis for the efforts to make up a firm link with the past, but also to set forth its value as a historical resource. Finally, for the sake of understanding the period when the idjâzet-nâme was granted, the procedure of this practice in the Ottoman Educational System will be studied predominantly.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı, Eğitim, Müderris, İcâzetnâme, Ottoman, Education, Muderris, Idjâzet-nâme
Kaynak
Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
9
Sayı
1