Osmanlı vakıf geleneğinde cihet uygulaması
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Tarih
2018
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu makalede cihet uygulamasının Osmanlı vakıf geleneğindeki yeri incelenecektir. En yalın anlamıyla "cihet", vakıf bünyesinde yürütülecek hizmetler için tahsis edilen görevlere verilen isimdir. Çoğulu "cihât"tır. Vakıfların dinî, sosyal ve kültürel birçok alanda hizmetleriyle ve dolayısıyla cihet türleriyle karşılaşılmaktadır. Türleri ve nitelikleri belirlenen cihetler, tespit edilen şartları taşıyan kimselere verilmiştir. Böylece cihet sahipleri vakfın çalışanı kimliğiyle sorumluluk üstlenmiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ilk yarısından itibaren artarak devam eden vakıf müessesesini sistemleştirme uğraşları, cihet alanında göreceli olarak daha geç zamanda vuku bulmuştur. Nitekim Evkâf Nezâreti 1826 yılında kurulmuşken, Devlet Salnâmeleri'ne göre cihet işlemlerini organize edecek büronun/kalemin teşkili ve ilk cihât müdürünün tayini 1870 yılında gerçekleşmiştir. Keza cihet alanında ilk mevzuat düzenlemesi de 1870 yılında yapılmıştır. Bu tarihten itibaren Osmanlı vakıf geleneğindeki cihet uygulaması daha sistemli bir şekilde varlığını devam ettirmiştir.
This article attempts to study on the practice of cihet within the procedures applied in the tradition of Ottoman foundation. “The cihet”, putting it simply, is a name given for being allocated works for services provided within a foundation. The plural of the term was “cihât”. It is to be faced with services of foundations in many fields such as religious, social and cultural, that is, a kind of cihet. Cihets which are determined their types and qualities were allocated to people who had the stipulated conditions. Thus, people who had cihet had been assumed responsibility through an employee identity of the related foundation. The efforts to systematize the foundation institution gained momentum especially in the first half of the 19th century had relatively taken place in a late stage. As a matter of fact that the Foundation Ministry (the Awqaf Ministry) had been established in 1826, according to the State Yearbooks, the establishment of the office which would execute the cihet procedures and the assignment of the first cihât director had taken place in 1870. Likewise, the first legislation in the cihet field was enacted in 1870 as well. The practice of cihet in the tradition of Ottoman foundation had obtained more a systematic way since this date.
This article attempts to study on the practice of cihet within the procedures applied in the tradition of Ottoman foundation. “The cihet”, putting it simply, is a name given for being allocated works for services provided within a foundation. The plural of the term was “cihât”. It is to be faced with services of foundations in many fields such as religious, social and cultural, that is, a kind of cihet. Cihets which are determined their types and qualities were allocated to people who had the stipulated conditions. Thus, people who had cihet had been assumed responsibility through an employee identity of the related foundation. The efforts to systematize the foundation institution gained momentum especially in the first half of the 19th century had relatively taken place in a late stage. As a matter of fact that the Foundation Ministry (the Awqaf Ministry) had been established in 1826, according to the State Yearbooks, the establishment of the office which would execute the cihet procedures and the assignment of the first cihât director had taken place in 1870. Likewise, the first legislation in the cihet field was enacted in 1870 as well. The practice of cihet in the tradition of Ottoman foundation had obtained more a systematic way since this date.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı, Vakıf, Evkâf Nezâreti, Cihet, Cihet Tevcîhi, Ottoman, Foundation, Awqaf Ministry, Cihet Allocation
Kaynak
Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
18
Sayı
1
