Ütopya ve liberalizm: Liberteryen ütopyanın imkânı
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ütopyalar, yüzlerce yıldır insanın hayalindeki ideal yönetimi tasvir etmenin bir aracıdır. Ütopyacılık yapısal olarak Platon'un eserlerine ve kavramsal olarak More'nin Ütopya isimli eserine dayanır. Ütopyalar; Platon'dan Thomas More'ye, William Morris'ten George Orwell'e, Edward Bellamy'den Aldous Huxley'e kadar sosyalist ideolojiden olumlu veya olumsuz izler taşır. Yirminci yüzyıldan sonra hâkim dünya ideolojisi haline gelen liberalizm ve liberalizmin idealleri ise bu ütopyalarda sıkça eleştirilmiş ve var olan kötülüklerin kaynağı olarak resmedilmiştir. Ütopyacıların liberal bir ütopya denemesinde bulunmaması veya liberallerin edebi bir ütopya oluşturma çabasına girmemesi, liberalizmin yirminci yüzyıldaki egemen konumunun bir nedeni sayılabilir. Liberallere göre, liberalizm sık sık toplumsal sorunların nedeni olarak gösterilir, ancak liberal modelin insanlığa ve dünyaya olan katkıları göz ardı edilir. Bu yönüyle liberalizmin, geçmişin birçok ütopyasını gerçekleştirmiş olma gibi bir başarısı vardır. Bu çalışmada ütopyanın, iki karşıt görüş olan sosyalizm ve liberalizm ile olan ilişkisi ve sorunları incelenmiş ve liberal ütopyanın mümkün olup olmadığı sorusunun cevabı aranmıştır. Çalışmada, ütopya ve liberalizm kavramları detaylıca tanımlanmış, bu kavramların ne olduğu ve ne olamayacağı incelenmiş, ütopyacıların ve liberallerin kendi içlerindeki ve birbirleri arasındaki tartışmalara değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel sorusu olan liberteryen ütopyanın imkânını sorgulamak için çeşitli liberal düşünürlerin görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Sonuca ulaşmak için ise sosyalist ütopyaların ne derece tatminkâr olduklarına dayanarak bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır.
Utopia is a way to describe the ideal administration of the human minds for hundreds years. Utopianism has its origin from Plato's works structurally and More's work named "Utopia" conceptually. Utopias bear the stamp of socialist ideology from Plato to Thomas More, from William Morris to George Orwell, from Edward Bellamy to Aldous Huxley. The liberalism and the liberal ideas which became the dominant ideology in the world in the twentieth century were frequently criticized and were portrayed as the source of the substantial evilness. The fact that the Utopians did not attempt to a liberal utopia or that the liberals did not attempt to establish a literary utopia can be considered as a reason for the hegemonic position of liberalism in the twentieth century. For the liberals, liberalism is demonstrated as the reason for the social problems, but the contributions of liberal model to the world and to the humanity are mostly disregarded. On that sense, liberalism has an achievement on the realization of many utopias of the past. In this study, the relationship and its problems of utopia with the two opposing views of socialism and liberalism were examined and the answered to the question of whether liberal utopia was possible was sought. In this work, concepts of 'liberalism' and 'utopia' are described in detail, it is examined what these concepts are and what they cannot be, and the discussions between Utopians and Liberals and also the discussions among the mare referred. To question the possibility of the libertarian utopia which is the basic question of this study, various liberal thinkers' views are discussed. To come to a conclusion, based on how satisfactory the socialist utopias are, a comparison was made.
Utopia is a way to describe the ideal administration of the human minds for hundreds years. Utopianism has its origin from Plato's works structurally and More's work named "Utopia" conceptually. Utopias bear the stamp of socialist ideology from Plato to Thomas More, from William Morris to George Orwell, from Edward Bellamy to Aldous Huxley. The liberalism and the liberal ideas which became the dominant ideology in the world in the twentieth century were frequently criticized and were portrayed as the source of the substantial evilness. The fact that the Utopians did not attempt to a liberal utopia or that the liberals did not attempt to establish a literary utopia can be considered as a reason for the hegemonic position of liberalism in the twentieth century. For the liberals, liberalism is demonstrated as the reason for the social problems, but the contributions of liberal model to the world and to the humanity are mostly disregarded. On that sense, liberalism has an achievement on the realization of many utopias of the past. In this study, the relationship and its problems of utopia with the two opposing views of socialism and liberalism were examined and the answered to the question of whether liberal utopia was possible was sought. In this work, concepts of 'liberalism' and 'utopia' are described in detail, it is examined what these concepts are and what they cannot be, and the discussions between Utopians and Liberals and also the discussions among the mare referred. To question the possibility of the libertarian utopia which is the basic question of this study, various liberal thinkers' views are discussed. To come to a conclusion, based on how satisfactory the socialist utopias are, a comparison was made.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Siyaset Bilimi Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
