Tenor ve bariton ses türlerinin bilgisayar destekli temel frekans ve formant analizi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ses eğitiminde erkek sesleri, ses özelliklerine göre tenor, bariton ve bas olarak üç ana grupta sınıflandırılmaktadır. Kişilerin ses özelliklerine göre hangi ses grubunda yer aldığı, uzman bir ses eğitimcisinin piyano eşliğinde yapacağı öznel bir değerlendirme ile ortaya çıkarılmaktadır. Bu tür bir değerlendirme ile ses türleri saptanabilmekte, ancak bazen farklı sonuçlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bundan dolayı ses türü belirlemede yardımcı unsur olarak kullanılabilecek bilgisayar destekli nesnel bir değerlendirmenin tespiti önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ses eğitimi almış 10 tenor ve 10 bariton sesten alınan kayıtların bilgisayar destekli temel frekans ve formant analizi Praat ve Matlab programları ile yapılarak, tenor ve bariton ses türlerinin ayırt edici özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması çalışması yapılmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunan bir üniversitenin devlet konservatuvarında öğrenim gören 20 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu öğrencilerin 3’ü güzel sanatlar lisesi mezunu ve geri kalan 17’si ise genel lise mezunudur. Kayıtlar, tenor ve bariton sese sahip katılımcıların farklı notalarda ‘a’ ve ‘e’ vokallerini seslendirmeleri ve bu seslerin iTrack Dock stüdyo kayıt ortamında kaydedilmesi ile oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ‘a’ ve ‘e’ vokalleri üzerinden aynı mi (E4) notası üzerinde yapılacak temel frekans analizinin tenor ve bariton ses türlerini ayırt etmede kullanılabilecek anlamlı bir araç olamayacağı; bununla birlikte F1, F2 ve F3 formantları cinsinden yapılacak formant analizinin ise iki ses türünü ayırt etmede başarılı bir araç olduğunu göstermiştir. Analiz sonuçları tenorların baritonlara göre hem ‘a’ hem de ‘e’ vokallerinde daha yüksek F1, F2 ve F3 formantlarına sahip olduklarını (‘e’ vokali F1 formantında hariç) göstermiştir. Ayrıca mi (E4) notası üzerinden yapılacak olan bir formant analizinde, iki ses türünü ayırmak için ‘a’ vokalinde F1 ve F3 formantların, ‘e’ vokalinde ise F2 ve F3 formantlarının daha etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
In voice training, male voices are classified in three main groups as tenor, baritone, and bass according to their voice characteristics. According to their voice characteristics, determining the persons’ voice group in which they are involved is revealed by a subjective evaluation of an expert voice educator with a piano. With such an evaluation, the voice types can be detected, but sometimes this may lead to different results. Therefore, it is important to determine a computer-aided objective evaluation which can be used as an aid in determining the voice type. In this study, by performing the computer-aided fundamental frequency and formant analysis of the recordings taken from 10 tenors and 10 baritones who have voice training with Praat and Matlab programs, the study of revealing the distinguishing features of tenor and baritone voice types is performed. The study group of the research consists of 20 students studying in the state conservatory of a university located in the Western Black Sea region. Three of the students are graduated from fine arts high school and the remaining seventeen students are graduated from general high school graduates. Recordings are created from the participants having tenor and baritone voices by singing ‘a’ and ‘e’ vocals on different notes and recording these sounds on iTrack Dock studio recording media. The obtained results demonstrated that the fundamental frequency analysis performed on the same mi (E4) note over ‘a’ and ‘e’ vocals is not a meaningful tool for distinguishing the tenor and baritone vocal types note; however, the formant analysis performed in terms of F1, F2 and F3 formants is a successful tool in distinguishing two voice types. Analysis results showed that the tenors have higher F1, F2 and F3 formants than baritones in both ‘a’ and ‘e’ vocals (except F1 formant for ‘e’ vocal). In addition, in a formant analysis to be carried out on the mi (E4) note, it was observed that F1 and F3 formants in ‘a’ vocal and F2 and F3 formants in ‘e’ vocal are more effective in distinguishing two voice types.
In voice training, male voices are classified in three main groups as tenor, baritone, and bass according to their voice characteristics. According to their voice characteristics, determining the persons’ voice group in which they are involved is revealed by a subjective evaluation of an expert voice educator with a piano. With such an evaluation, the voice types can be detected, but sometimes this may lead to different results. Therefore, it is important to determine a computer-aided objective evaluation which can be used as an aid in determining the voice type. In this study, by performing the computer-aided fundamental frequency and formant analysis of the recordings taken from 10 tenors and 10 baritones who have voice training with Praat and Matlab programs, the study of revealing the distinguishing features of tenor and baritone voice types is performed. The study group of the research consists of 20 students studying in the state conservatory of a university located in the Western Black Sea region. Three of the students are graduated from fine arts high school and the remaining seventeen students are graduated from general high school graduates. Recordings are created from the participants having tenor and baritone voices by singing ‘a’ and ‘e’ vocals on different notes and recording these sounds on iTrack Dock studio recording media. The obtained results demonstrated that the fundamental frequency analysis performed on the same mi (E4) note over ‘a’ and ‘e’ vocals is not a meaningful tool for distinguishing the tenor and baritone vocal types note; however, the formant analysis performed in terms of F1, F2 and F3 formants is a successful tool in distinguishing two voice types. Analysis results showed that the tenors have higher F1, F2 and F3 formants than baritones in both ‘a’ and ‘e’ vocals (except F1 formant for ‘e’ vocal). In addition, in a formant analysis to be carried out on the mi (E4) note, it was observed that F1 and F3 formants in ‘a’ vocal and F2 and F3 formants in ‘e’ vocal are more effective in distinguishing two voice types.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ses Türü, Tenor, Bariton, Formant, Temel Frekans, Voice Type, Tenor, Baritone, Formant, Fundamental Frequency
Kaynak
Turkish Studies - Information Technologies and Applied Sciences
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
14
Sayı
1