Veterinerlik Bölümü, Laborant ve Veteriner Sağlık Programı

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/10834

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The effects of some factors on the time to first successful stand up and sucking of native lambs after parturition
(Springer, 2022) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Ünal, Necmettin; Özbeyaz, Ceyhan; Akçapınar, Halil
The study aimed to identify the effects of birth time, birth weight, and the time to first grooming on the time to first successful stand up and sucking of the pure and crossbred native lambs. Data were recorded from pure (22 B-Bafra and 20 AKK-Akkaraman) and crossbred (19 BA F-1 (B x AKK) and 13 BA B-1 (B x F-1)) lambs during the first 3 h after delivery. The time to first successful stand up of lambs was significantly affected by the birth time (P = 0.045), the time to first grooming (P = 0.000), and the time to first successful sucking (P = 0.000). Genotype significantly affects the time to first successful stand up of the lambs born at night (P = 0.000), low birth weight (P = 0.042), the time to first grooming (short, P = 0.001, and prolonged, P = 0.019), and the time to first successful sucking (early, P = 0.041, and late, P = 0.005). Data demonstrated that the time to first successful stand up affected the time to first successful sucking. The time to first successful stand up was longer for the lambs born at night, with low birth weight, and was affected by the time to first grooming, especially for the B lambs. Consequently, it should be given particular importance to the care of lambs born at night with low weight and exposed to mismothering.
The evaluation of the genotype and slaughter weight effect on meat quality and fatty acid profile from two native sheep
(SPRINGER, 2023) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Özbeyaz, Ceyhan; Ünal, Necmettin; Akçapınar, Halil
The purpose of this study is to investigate the quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of meat from male Akkaraman (AKK) and Bafra x Akkaraman B-1 (BA B-1) lambs slaughtered at different live weights. Thirty-six male lambs (18 AKK and 18 BA B-1) were slaughtered at three different slaughter weights (35, 40, and 45 kg) after being fattened intensively. Meat physical quality characteristics and fatty acid profiles were used as response variables. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) and pH were not significantly influenced by genotype and slaughter weight (SW). Water-holding capacity (WHC) was significantly affected by SW (P < 0.05), cooking loss (CL) by genotype (P < 0.001). Increasing SW, intramuscular fat of the Longissimus thoracis muscle showed increased total unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA) (P < 0.01) and ratios of TUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P < 0.01), and decreased thrombogenic and atherogenic indices (P < 0.01). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (P < 0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P < 0.01) varied on with the genotypes. In conclusion, genotype and SW did not greatly affect meat quality; however, MUFA and PUFA mutually changed according to the genotype, and fatty acid percentages improved according to the SW.
Evaluation of the genotype and slaughter weight effect on the meat production traits: Comparison of fattening, slaughter, and carcass characteristics between two native sheep
(Elsevier, 2022) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Özbeyaz, Ceyhan; Ünal, Necmettin; Akyüz, Hilal Çapar; Arslan, Rabia; Akçapınar, Halil
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype [purebred Akkaraman (AKK), BA B1 crossbred BafraxF1 (BafraxAKK)] and slaughter weight (SW) (35, 40, and 45 kg) on fattening, slaughter, and carcass characteristics. A total of 46 lambs were used in this study. Feed conversation ratios were affected by genotype (P < 0.001) and SW (P = 0.015). Hot (P = 0.003) and chilled (P = 0.021) dressing percentages based on empty body weight were affected by genotype. Genotype and SW affected the percentage of the head (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), feet (P = 0.012 and P = 0.014), lungs (P = 0.022 and P = 0.043), testicles (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002), omental fat (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012), mesenteric fat (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and the length of the carcass (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001) and the back (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010). In addition, leg circumference (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001), the compactness indices of the carcass (P = 0.024 and P < 0.001) and the leg (P = 0.030 and P < 0.001), and the bone ratio of the back (P < 0.001 and P = 0.019) and the loin (P = 0.027 and P < 0.001) were significantly affected by genotype and SW groups. In conclusion, genotype and SW affected some fattening, slaughter, and carcass traits, and it drew attention that the effect of SW on carcass measures and the effect of genotype on the ratios of individual cuts were usually significant.
The growth and survival of Bafra lambs during adaptation to steppe climate conditions
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv Rektörlüğü, 2023) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Özbeyaz, Ceyhan; Ünal, Necmettin; Akçapınar, Halil
This study investigates the survival and growth characteristics of Bafra lambs born and reared under steppe climate conditions. The survival, growth and certain body measurements of 179 head of Bafra lambs were observed. Least Squares Method was applied for the analysis of growth and body measurements, and Chi square test was used for the analysis of survival rates. The survival rates of the lambs on days 30 and 90 were 96.65% and 90.50%, respectively. Birth type and sex had no significant effect on survival rates (P>0.05). The live weights of the lambs on days birth, 30, 60 and 90th were 3.58 +/- 0.541, 8.10 +/- 0.127, 12.71 +/- 0.223 and 18.08 +/- 0.326 kg, respectively. Among the environmental factors affecting the live weights of the lambs, the effect of sex was not significant (P>0.05), while the effect of birth type was highly significant (P=0.000) up until day 60, but decreased thereafter. Furthermore, the effect of birth type on live weight was not significant (P>0,05) in single lambs on day 60 and 90th, even though the live weights were numerically high. The pre-weaning (average 71 day) withers height, chest depth, body length, chest girth, cannon bone circumference and tail circumference of the lambs were 47.86 +/- 0.615, 18.52 +/- 0.246, 45.68 +/- 0.840; 56.47 +/- 0.881, 6.50 +/- 0.075, and 12.01 +/- 0.502 cm, respectively. The effect of birth type and sex on these body measurements were not significant (P>0.05). It was concluded that the growth and survival characteristics of Bafra lambs reared under the steppe conditions were at a satisfactory level.
Effects of the genotype, cage type and time period on the behaviour of laying hybrids at the same egg production level
(Springer, 2022) Onbaşılar, Esin Ebru; Erdem, Evren; Kocakaya, Afşin; Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Kahraman, Mücahit; Yaranoğlu, Büşra; Ünal, Necmettin; Çapar Akyüz, Hilal; Gündoğar, Umut Can
Hybrids with different morphological and yield characteristics are used in the table egg production. There is no change in the cage systems according to the different hybrids in the regulation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotype (brown laying hybrids (BLH) and white laying hybrids (WLH)) and cage type (conventional and enriched cages) on behaviours of hens at the 90% egg production level. Behavioural data were recorded with video cameras during the 4 days. Data were analysed in 6 time periods as 05.00–08.00 am, 09.00–12.00 am, 01.00–04.00 pm, 05.00–08.00 pm, 09.00–12.00 pm and 01.00–04.00 am. Behaviour inspection each hour was divided into 4 quarters and the first 3 min of each quarter were evaluated. Behaviours were represented as the proportion of the total behaviour performed in the time period by a given hen. There was no interaction between hens’ behaviour and the genotype at the same egg production level. The frequency of feeding behaviour was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.01), but comfort behaviour was higher (P < 0.05) in hens that were reared in the enriched cages. Only preening was seen as a comfort behaviour due to the cage size. The feeding, drinking, pecking hen, comforting, walking, sitting, resting and perching behaviours changed during the day (P < 0.01). Especially, the transition from light to dark influenced the perching behaviour negatively. No interactions were detected amongst genotype, cage type and time period. Feeding behaviour decreased and the comfort behaviour increased in the hens that were reared in the enriched cages because there were materials that would exhibit different behaviours. Hens in the enriched cage could not suddenly adapt to the dark and light period. For this reason, transitions to light and dark periods in poultry houses should be provided gradually, as in natural life.
Evaluation of genotype and nongenetic effects on some production traits: Comparison of Akkaraman and Bafra x Akkaraman B1 sheep genotypes
(Scientific and Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Özbeyaz, Ceyhan; Ünal, Necmettin; Akyüz, Hilal Çapar; Arslan, Rabia; Akçapınar, Halil
The purposes of this study were to evaluate genotype and some environmental effects on the reproductive and milk yield traits of sheep, and vitality and growth traits of lambs, and to compare the difference between Akkaraman (AKK) and Bafra x AKK B1 (BA B1: Bafra sires crossed BA F1 ewes) genotypes in terms of these characters. Data were collected from 71 ewes for fertility traits and 37 ewes for milk yields in each genotype. Growth traits and survival rates of lambs were evaluated using 55 AKK and 56 BA B1 lambs. AKK and BA B1 ewes had 87.32% and 92.96% for lambing rate (p > 0.05), 125.35% and 161.97% for lamb production (p = 0.005), 1.45 and 1.74 for litter size (p = 0.072), respectively. Lactation milk yields and lactation lengths of those were determined as 109.46 +/- 6.61 and 124.55 +/- 7.26 kg (p > 0.05), and 155.76 +/- 2.36 and 161.51 +/- 2.43 days (p > 0.05), respectively. The survival rates and body weights of their lambs at weaning (90th day) were 87.27% and 87.50% (p > 0.05), and 27.77 +/- 0.59 and 21.97 +/- 0.59 kg (p = 0.000), respectively. In conclusion, the age of the dam affected the reproductive and milk yield traits, birth type affected the growth, and sex affected the survival rate and growth traits. Regarding the genotype effect, the BA B1 genotype had better reproductive and lactation milk yield, lower growth performance than those of the AKK genotype, and a similar survival rate to the AKK genotype.
Comparison of litter quality, performance, and some welfare parameters of broilers reared on the sepiolite-supplemented paper waste sludge
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2022) Eser, Handan; Onbaşılar, Esin Ebru; Yalçın, Sakine; Ramay, Muhammad Shazaib; Karakan, Tuğba; Güngör, Ömer Faruk
Waste management is the protection of the environment and the health of the population. Paper waste sludge is produced during paper production and sepiolite is a natural clay mineral. The aim of the study was to investigate the usability of sepiolite-added paper waste sludge as a bedding material in the broiler production. Two hundred eighty-eight 1-day old male broiler chicks were divided into the 6 bedding material groups (wood shavings (control), paper waste sludge, sepiolite, mix of 25% paper waste sludge and 75% sepiolite, mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite, and mix of 75% paper waste sludge and 25% sepiolite) with 6 replicate pens per group. Litter quality, performance, and some welfare parameters of broilers were assessed during the 6 weeks' period. Body weight at 42 days of age and body weight gain from 0 to 42 days of broilers reared on the wood shavings and mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite were found higher than those of the sepiolite and paper waste sludge groups. Feed consumption and feed to gain ratio from 0 to 42 days, yields of carcass and carcass parts, percentages of organs and abdominal fat, IgG, percentage of bursa Fabricius, burns of foot pad and breast, litter pH and meat properties of broilers reared on the wood shavings, paper waste sludge, and sepiolite litter groups were not found to be statistically different. Litter moisture was found higher in the paper waste sludge group than that in the sepiolite group at the 42 days of rearing. As a conclusion, usage of mix of 50% paper waste sludge and 50% sepiolite as a litter does not have any negative effects on performance, welfare, and litter quality. This result is important in terms of utilizing a waste product.
Some production characteristics of Bafra, Akkaraman, Bafra x Akkaraman F-1 and B-1 sheep genotypes
(Ankara Univ Press, 2020) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Ünal, Necmettin
The present study was carried out to identify the reproductive characteristics, survival rate, growth traits and some body measurements of Bafra (B), Akkaraman (A), Bafra x Akkaraman F-1 (BAF(1)) and Bafra x Akkaraman B-1 (BAB(1)) sheep genotypes. The research was performed at Gozlu State Farm, belonging to the General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprise (TIGEM), during the years of 2014-2016. In the study, lambing rates of BxB, AxA, BxA and BxBAF(1) mating groups were 55.25, 69.97, 67.25 and 64.91%; the lamb production were 92.27, 88.93, 87.54 and 122.81% and the litter sizes were 1.67, 1.27, 1.30 and 1.89, respectively. The survival rates of B, A, BAF(1) and BAB(1) lambs were calculated as 89.89, 94.23, 88.79 and 98.36% in the 90th day, respectively (P<0.05). The least square means of these lambs were 3.65 +/- 0.05, 4.71 +/- 0.07, 4.56 +/- 0.06 and 4.03 +/- 0.10 kg (P<0.001) for birth weight and 23.51 +/- 0.30, 31.39 +/- 0.37, 30.00 +/- 0.35 and 25.16 +/- 0.53 kg (P<0.001) for the 90th day weight (weaning weight), respectively. Body measurements of these genotypes on the 90th day were 56.79 +/- 0.45, 61.75 +/- 0.54, 60.98 +/- 0.59 and 61.73 +/- 0.62 cm (P<0.001) for the withers height; 55.76 +/- 0.32, 55.18 +/- 0.39, 56.91 +/- 0.42 and 57.43 +/- 0.45 cm (P<0.01) for the body length; 63.05 +/- 0.73, 71.88 +/- 0.89, 60.89 +/- 0.96 and 61.92 +/- 1.02 cm (P<0.001) for the chest girth; and 16.63 +/- 0.50, 40.45 +/- 0.62, 28.33 +/- 0.67 and 18.33 +/- 0.70 cm (P<0.001) for the widest tail circumference, respectively. In conclusion, the reproductive performance of the BAF(1) genotype was satisfactory; BAF(1) lambs were partially similar to A lambs, but BAB(1) lambs were partially similar to B lambs in terms of growth characteristics.
The expression of some maternal and offspring behaviors of two indigenous sheep and their crossbreed genotypes-II. Maternal and offspring behaviors after parturition
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Ünal, Necmettin
This study is a part of a research project concerned with maternal behaviors before, during and after parturition of the Akkaraman, Bafra, and F1 BA (Bafra Akkaraman) ewes; and behaviors in the early postpartum period of the Akkaraman, Bafra, F1 BA, and R1 BBA (Bafra F1 BA) lambs. In this second part, maternal-offspring behaviors after parturition were studied. This study was conducted at Gözlü State Farm between 2014 and 2016. The study of the Bafra Akkaraman crossbreeding was started in 2012. In the presented project, a total of 56 multiparous ewes and their lambs were used. The means for behaviors of the Akkaraman, Bafra, and F1 BA ewes in the 3 hours after parturition were 69.0, 53.3, and 63.6 % (P > 0.05) for the rates of head-neck, which is the first groomed region of the lambs; 0.96 0.32, 2.06 1.45 and 0.34 0.12 min (P > 0.05) for the time taken to first groom the single lambs; 3.01 1.16, 1.38 0.78, and 1.80 0.89 min (P > 0.05) for the time taken to first groom the first lamb of the twins; 0.83 0.26, 4.16 3.76, and 6.54 4.27 min (P > 0.05) for the time taken to first groom in the second lamb of the twins. In the Akkaraman, Bafra, F1 BA, and R1 BBA lambs, the time taken to make the first successful stand attempt were 22.61 5.17, 45.40 5.17, 25.68 5.20, and 30.22 6.38 min (P < 0.01), and the time taken to make the first successful sucking attempt were 29.08 6.12, 58.94 6.32, 50.44 5.91, and 52.03 7.32 min (P < 0.01), respectively. Consequently, results showed that, overall, Akkaraman ewes exhibited more distinctive maternal behaviors, while their lambs displayed earlier mother-lamb bonding and sucking behavior than other genotypes
Effects of cage type on performance, welfare, and microbiological properties of laying hens during the molting period and the second production cycle
(Springer, 2020) Onbaşılar, Esin Ebru; Kahraman, Mücahit; Güngör, Ömer Faruk; Kocakaya, Afşin; Karakan, Tuğba; Pirpanahi, Mahlagha; Doğan, Barışhan
As most of the unenriched cages will soon switch to enriched cages, it is important to characterize all the effects in the laying hens for sustainable production. Laying hens can be used in several production periods by applying molting. The aim of this study was to determine the cage type (unenriched and enriched) on performance, welfare, and microbiological properties of laying hens during the molting period and the second production cycle. Overall, 840 brown laying hybrids were used in the experiment. Laying hens were reared on two different cage types (unenriched cage (UEC) and enriched cage (EC)) in the same poultry house. When the hybrids were 75 weeks old, they were subjected to force molting with whole grain barley. Performance, welfare, microbiological, and serological data of laying hens were obtained from 73 to 107 weeks of age. Egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, breaking strength, albumen and yolk index, Haugh unit, feather condition, and breaking force of femur and metatarsus were better in the post-molting period. However, keel bone deformities and Newcastle disease virus antibody titers are the worst in the post-molting period. Stiffness of femur and metatarsus was increased with period. These results indicate that necessary precautions should be taken against the problems that may occur in the direction of bone and health. During the molting period, hens kept in EC had lower egg production but they returned to egg production at a high rate. EC type had a positive effect on egg production, feed conversion ratio, feather and foot condition, and breaking force of metatarsus.
Postnatal osteological development of the cervical vertebrae in the New Zealand White rabbit
(Springer, 2007) Kürtül, İbrahim; Atalgın, Şükrü Hakan; Bozkurt, Emine Ümran
This study used the New Zealand White rabbit to reveal the normal ossification development of the cervical component of the spine. Preserved cervical vertebrae representing five different age periods, each period including five individuals and the total number of animals being 25, were fixed in 3.5% formaldehyde solution and 95% ethanol, followed by a pure acetone bath. The materials were then stained with an alcian blue-alizarin red combination. The ossification centres were identical over time, and the pattern of fusion among them was homogenous and constant in appearance. There were three different primary ossification centres in all the cervical vertebrae except the axis, which showed four primary ossification centres. The dorsally located primary ossification centres later formed the pedicles of the neural arches, while the ventral centres constituted the body of each vertebra. The study was terminated at 10 weeks of age because the ossification centres observed in the cervical vertebrae completed their fusion and no further ossification centres were observed.
Postnatal osteological development of the hyoid bone in the New Zealand White rabbit
(Springer, 2007) Atalgın, Şükrü Hakan; Kürtül, İbrahim; Bozkurt, Emine Ümran
This study augments knowledge of bone growth by observing the development of the hyoid bone in the New Zealand White rabbit. Preserved hyoid bones representing five different age periods, each period including five individuals and the total number of animals being 25, were fixed in 3.5% formaldehyde solution and 95% ethanol, followed by a pure acetone bath. They were then stained with an alcian blue-alizarin red combination. The mode of bone formation was intracartilaginous type ossification. While the basihyoideum and thyrohyoideum were observed to start ossifying first at prenatal stage, indicating that they are the main skeletal structures of the hyoid apparatus, the ceratohyoideum and lingual process began to ossify in the second and third periods. The separately occurring primary ossification centres fused completely among themselves in the fifth period. Because no further ossification centers were observed and the ossified parts continued the development and growth, the research was terminated after 10 weeks of age.

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