Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Eğitimi Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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'Heroes! Bring happiness to your motherland! Long live the Yunaks': The Bulgarian Yunak gymnastics movement in the late Ottoman period
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Özçakır, Sabri
The weakness of the Ottoman Empire in the Bulgarian territory provided the Bulgarians with the opportunity and courage to reach their ultimate goal, awakening national consciousness for the creation of an autonomous state during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the same period, gymnastics, particularly in the form of gymnastics associations, was used as an important tool in the cultivation and propagation of an incipient Bulgarian national identity. Bulgarian reformers and modernists like Todor Yonchev propagated gymnastics as a platform for transforming the masses, especially Bulgarian young men. In 1898, the union of Bulgarian gymnastics associations was founded in order to train Bulgarian youth for the liberation of the country. Also known as the Yunak (hero) Union, the union consisted of different gymnastics associations from Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. Although the Yunak movement proved to have detrimental consequences for the Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans' lack of authority and influence in the region as well as Russian support for the Bulgarians prevented them from curbing their actions. In conclusion, the Yunak gymnastics movement played an important role in the efforts of gaining a national consciousness; typical not only for independent state, but in fact for a strong Bulgaria.
A digital movement in the world of inactive children: Favourable outcomes of playing active video games in a pilot randomized trial
(Springer, 2019) Çoknaz, Dilşad; Mirzeoğlu, Ayşe Dilşad; Atasoy, Halil İbrahim; Alkoy, Seval; Çoknaz, Hakkı; Göral, Kemal
This parallel randomized controlled trial was aimed to evaluate whether parameters as physical fitness, reaction times, self-perception and enjoyment levels, as well as parental and children perspectives, were affected by active video games in inactive and technologically preoccupied children. Data were collected in a laboratory setting from four randomly selected urban public schools. All 1300 children in grades 3-6 were surveyed for the study. Among the 918 responders, 106 children were determined to be inactive and preoccupied with technology. Children in 3 schools (n = 53) allocated to active video game and in one school (n = 53) allocated to control group were compared by univariate covariance analyses for primary outcomes such as weight, body mass index and fat ratios at the end of 12 weeks. Active video game group significantly showed favourable responses for weight, body mass index and corresponding z scores as well as reaction times and self-perception controlling for age and baseline scores. In addition, enjoyment of the children in the game group by qualitative analysis was high indicating a motivational aspect for the continuation of the games. Diverse contributions of games to physical, social, intellectual and personal development were revealed. Conclusion: Active video games by promoting enjoyment levels and physical activity, as well as contributing to agility, alertness, socializing, and striving, led to a reduction in weight gain. They may be used as beneficial tools diverting children from inactivity and subsequent obesity. Trial registration: This study called AVGAME is registered with the number NCT03720938 in . The trial protocol can also be retrieved from the archives of Abant Izzet Baysal University.What is Known:center dot Nowadays, children prefer sedentary video games that are known to induce weight gain and obesity-related comorbidities.center dot Active video games were shown to decrease weight in overweight and obese children.What is New:center dot Active video games decrease weight increment and reaction times, thus could be used to prevent obesity in inactive non-obese children.center dot Active video games raise self-esteem, induce enjoyment, improve the personal and intellectual development of children in addition to socializing and is a safe alternative to indoor sedentary video games.
'Just saying - bravo kids - and giving them some gifts is not enough': amateurism, Turkish wrestling, and the Olympic Games
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Özçakır, Sabri; Llewellyn, Matthew P.
The Republic of Turkey embraced international Olympic sport as an affair of the state. Sport, in particular, the ancestor sport of wrestling, was heralded as an important tool in the cultivation and propogation of an incipient Turkish national identity. The dominance of Turkish wrestlers at the 1948 summer Olympic Games in London revealed the nationalistic importance of sport in Turkey. Eager to recognize the accomplishments of their champion wrestlers, the Turkish public joined forces with journalists and governmental officials in launching an official cash reward scheme. In direct violation of the International Olympic Committee's anti-profiteering rules concerning amateurism, Turkish Olympic medallists received monetary prizes. When the wave of nationalistic euphoria subsided, Turkish Olympic officials were forced to acknowledge the consequences of the nation's magnanimity. On the eve of the 1952 Olympic Games, the Turkish Olympic Committee (TOC) stripped the nation's champion wrestlers of their amateur status and promptly prohibited them from competing in the Finnish capital. The TOC's decision provoked a national outcry. High-ranking governmental officials called upon the TOC to reverse its decision. Unable to make late amendments to its roster of Olympic participants, the TOC reported that Turkey's athletic heroes would not be permitted to defend their Olympic titles in Helsinki.
The experiences and achievements of classroom teacher candidates during a play-based reflective workshop in which open-ended materials were used
(Turkish Education Assoc, 2015) Mirzeoğlu, Ayşe Dilşad
Open ended materials are materials with no specific set of directions and they can be used alone or together with other materials. They can be moved, carried, combined, redesigned, lined up, taken apart and put back together in multiple ways. The aim of this study was to determine personal and professional experiences and achievements of classroom teacher candidates during a play-based reflective workshop in which open ended materials were used. In this study qualitative research design and action research approach were used. Subjects of the study were 16 second grade students (10 female, 6 male) studying in the Department of Elementary Education, Division of Primary Education at the Faculty of Education in the spring semester of 2013-2014. The results showed that the classroom teacher candidates defined the open-ended materials as developing creativity, are useful, easy to find, safe/harmless but also as confusing. This workshop provided the classroom teacher candidates a new perspective on play and physical activities based on their past experiences. Participants stated that they gained some of the personal and the professional achievements through workshops such as creativity, collaborating, creating an enjoyable educational environment, effective communication skills, reflective thinking, goal setting, problem solving, using second hand materials according to the course objectives, etc. In addition, the participants agreed that this workshop was very successful and these kind of workshops should be provided for all classroom teacher candidates. Moreover, it was determined that this workshop created awareness about the "Play and Physical Activities" course in the curriculum which candidates would be teaching in their future profession.
Effect of manual lymph drainage on removal of blood lactate after submaximal exercise
(Soc Physical Therapy Science, 2015) Bakar, Yeşim; Çoknaz, Hakkı; Karlı, Ümid; Şemşek, Önder; Serin, Erdinç
[Purpose] It has been well-established that exercise-induced muscle damage occurs following intense exercise. Massage is commonly used to manage muscle damage resulting from exercise. However the effect of massage after exercise is still not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of manual lymph drainage on muscle damage and on the removal of blood lactate following submaximal exercise (SE), as part of a solution to the challenging problem in sports medicine of muscular recovery after exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Eighteen healthy male students, with moderate exercise training, were randomly assigned to either receive manual lymph drainage (MLD) or serve as controls. Both groups were subjected to a graded exercise test, performed on a treadmill ergometer, to determine each subject's individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Seven days later, all subjects were made to run for 30 minutes on the same treadmill ergometer, at a running speed equivalent to the IAT. One group received MLD treatment, while the control subjects received no treatment. [Results] Following an increase immediately after exercise, lactic acid (LA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels dropped rapidly and significantly at the end of MLD application and two hours after SE in the subjects receiving MLD. The course of creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin levels was comparable, and with myoglobin showing a significant difference at 2 h after SE, and CK at 24 h after SE. [Conclusion] Manual lymph drainage after SE correlated with a more rapid fall in LA and of the muscular enzymes of LDH, CK and myoglobin, and may have resulted in an improvement in the regenerative processes elicted by structural damage to the muscle cells.
The research of qualifications of sport manager
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Çiftçi, Sevda; Mirzeoğlu, Nevzat
Sport management is a discipline that exists in a wide range and various fields nowadays. It finds different answers to what sport managers do question. The data has collected and interpreted with qualitative research methods in order to analyse the question of "What are the qualifications of sport manager?" In this regard a two-step study that consists managers working at sport field and other fields, studied sport management and working at sport organisations. In the first step of the study the data relating to qualifications of the managers at sport environment and other fields and in the second step of the study the data relating to qualifications of sport managers is placed. The gathered data is classified in accordance with the "Management Roles" of Mintzberg. Also in addition to Management Roles of Mintzberg "personal qualities of managers" dimension is added by the gathered data. As a result the qualifications of the sport managers could be said as decision making, interpersonal relations, knowledge and personal qualities. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The effect of different teaching styles used In phsycial education courses on academic learning time
(Turkish Education Assoc, 2014) Munusturlar, Süleyman; Mirzeoğlu, Nevzat; Mirzeoğlu, Ayşe Dilşad
This study aims at seeing the effects of different teaching styles on student behaviours and course content activities and academic learning time in physical education scores. The participants are 30 grade four students at Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Teaching Physical Education during 2010-2011 academic year. Forty minute lessons of 30 pre-service teachers using command style (n=10), practice style (n=10) and reciprocal style (n=10) were videotaped and recordings were examined using the "observation form of academic learning time in physical education". The results of the analysis revealed that significant differences among academic learning time and three different teaching styles were utilized by pre-service teachers in physical education and sport classes. As a result of this study, academic learning time has been concluded in lessons using practice style at most, then the reciprocal style, at least the command style.
Effect of exercise on appetite-regulating hormones in overweight women
(Inst Sport, 2013) Tiryaki-Sönmez, Gül; Özen, Şerife; Buğdaycı, Güler; Karlı, Ümid; Özen, Güçlü; Çoğalgil, Şirzat; Schoenfeld, Brad; Sözbir, Kerim; Aydın, Kutlu
Over the past decade, our knowledge of how homeostatic systems regulate food intake and body weight has increased with the discovery of circulating peptides such as leptin, acyl ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin. These hormones regulate the appetite and food intake by sending signals to the brain regarding the body's nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of appetite-regulating hormones to exercise. Nine overweight women undertook two 2 h trials in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise trial, subjects ran for 60 min at 50010 of maximal oxygen uptake followed by a 60 min rest period. In the control trial, subjects rested for 2 h. Obestatin, acyl ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and leptin concentrations were measured at baseline and at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min after baseline. A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant (P<0.05) interaction effect for leptin and acyl ghrelin. However, changes in obestatin and des-acyl ghrelin concentration were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The data indicated that although acute treadmill exercise resulted in a significant change in acyl ghrelin and leptin levels, it had no effect on plasma obestatin and des-acyl ghrelin levels.
Impact of exercise induced muscle damage on target shooting performance
(Marsland Press, 2013) Karlı, Ümid
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of exercise induced muscle damage created by upper arm on target shooting performance. Eleven healthy and moderately active males [(mean +/- SD) age: 21.91 +/- 2.66 years; stature: 175.33 +/- 4.83cm; body mass: 70.12 +/- 6.83kg; body fat %: 11.20 +/- 3.83], who did not perform any high intensity physical training towards upper body extremities during last 3 months, volunteered to participate in this study. Target shooting performance for both arms were measured, following assessment of serum CK activity and muscle soreness level using visual analogue scale, before (baseline) and at 5th minute, 24th, 48th, 72nd, 96th and 120th hours after muscle damaging exercise protocol. Two sets of 25 repetitions, totally 50 maximal eccentric contractions were performed with forearm flexors, as muscle damage exercise protocol. Repeated measure ANOVA and Friedman test was used for statistical analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant changes in serum CK activity [F(5-50)=40.028, p<0.01] and in target shooting performance for both dominant [F(6-60)=3.271, p<0.01] and non-dominant [F(6-60)=3.136, p<0.01] arms, relevant with time intervals. According to Friedman test, muscle soreness for both arms changed significantly (p<0.01) within time intervals. Compared to baseline values significant (p<0.05) changes were recorded following muscle damaging exercise protocol regarding to serum CK activity, muscle soreness and shooting performance. Consequently, the results of this study revealed that exercise induced muscle damage affect target shooting performance negatively. The respondents should be careful while adding unaccustomed exercises including intense eccentric contractions during the process of training planning, in sports which target shooting skills are important features.
Effect of hand position on EMG activity of the posterior shoulder musculature during a horizontal abduction exercise
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013) Schoenfeld, Brad; Sönmez, R. Gül Tiryaki; Kolber, Morey J.; Contreras, Bret; Harris, Robert; Özen, Şerife
Schoenfeld, B, Sonmez, RGT, Kolber, MJ, Contreras, B, Harris, R, and Ozen, S. Effect of hand position on EMG activity of the posterior shoulder musculature during a horizontal abduction exercise. J Strength Cond Res 27(10): 2644-2649, 2013The reverse fly machine is a popular exercise for strengthening the horizontal shoulder abductors including the posterior deltoid. There seems to be little consensus as to which hand position most effectively targets the posterior deltoid despite this option on most machines. This study investigated the impact of varying one's hand position, and consequently altering shoulder joint rotation, on muscle activity in various glenohumeral muscles during exercise on the reverse fly machine. Nineteen resistance-trained men (mean age = 23.2 +/- 4.3 years; height = 176.9 +/- 7.1 centimeters; body mass = 81.3 +/- 10.5 kilograms; body mass index = 25.9 +/- 2.6) were recruited from a university population to participate in the study. In a repeated measures design, subjects grasped the hand bars on the machine with either a pronated (PRO) or neutral (NEU) grip and performed dynamic horizontal abduction repetitions to muscular failure using a load equating to approximately 75% body weight. The order of performance of the hand positions was counterbalanced between participants so that approximately half of the subjects performed PRO first and the other half performed NEU first. Surface electromyography was used to record both mean and peak muscle activity of the posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and infraspinatus. Results showed that mean electromyography activity for the posterior deltoid was significantly greater in NEU compared with PRO (p = 0.046; 95% CI = 0.1-7.4% maximal voluntary isometric contraction). Similarly, mean electromyography activity of the infraspinatus also was significantly greater in NEU compared with PRO (p = 0.002; 95% CI = 3.7-13.6% maximal voluntary isometric contraction). The results of this study show that performing exercise on the reverse fly machine with a neutral hand position significantly increases activity of the posterior deltoid and infraspinatus muscles compared with a PRO hand position.
An examination of physical education teachers in terms of their organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational loyalty according to some demographic variables
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Yıldırım, Yunus; Üzüm, Hanifi; Yıldırım, İrfan
The purpose of this study is to examine the physical education teachers for their organizational citizenship behaviors and their organizational loyalty according to some demographic variables. A survey has been applied to physical education teachers in Hatay Province for this study which was conducted with the relational screening model. In total, questionnaires of 311 physical education teachers -81 females and 230 males -were taken into evaluation. Data have been analyzed through SPSS 15.0, Minitab 13.20 V. and STATISTICA 7.0 software. Level of significance has been determined as 0.05 in the study. Data have been evaluated and interpreted according to confidence interval of 95% and level of significance of % 5. It was figured out in the study that organizational loyalty of physical education teachers influence their organizational citizenship behaviors, male physical education teachers display lower organizational behaviors than females do and those in lower positions display lower organizational behaviors than those in higher positions.
The implications of Ramadan fasting for human health and well-being
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Alkandari, Jasem Ramadan; Maughan, Ronald J.; Roky, Rachida; Aziz, Abdul Rashid; Karlı, Ümid
Islamic Ramadan is a 29-30 day fast in which food, fluids, medications, drugs and smoking are prohibited during the daylight hours which can be extended between 13 and 18 h.day(-1) depending on the geographical location and season. The majority of health-specific findings related to Ramadan fasting are mixed. The likely causes for these heterogeneous findings lie in the amount of daily time of fasting, number of subjects who smoke, take oral medications, and/or receive intravenous fluids, in the type of food and eating habits and in changes in lifestyle. During Ramadan fasting, glucose homeostasis is maintained by meals taken during night time before dawn and by liver glycogen stores. Changes in serum lipids are variable and depend on the quality and quantity of food intake, physical activity and exercise, and changes in body weight. Compliant, well-controlled type II diabetics may observe Ramadan fasting, but fasting is not recommended for type I, noncompliant, poorly controlled and pregnant diabetics. There are no adverse effects of Ramadan fasting on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, haematologic profile, endocrine, and neuropsychiatric functions. Conclusions: Although Ramadan fasting is safe for all healthy individuals, those with various diseases should consult their physicians and follow medical and scientific recommendations.
Reproductive hormones and cortisol responses to plyometric training in males
(Inst Sport, 2012) Özen, Şerife
Plyometric training activities are commonly used by a wide range of athletes to increase jump performance and improve explosive power and muscular activation patterns. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric training on male reproductive hormones. Nineteen recreationally active males volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to plyometrically trained (n = 10, 21.2 +/- 2.3 years) and control groups (n = 9, 21.4 +/- 2.1). The plyometric training group performed in a six-week plyometric training programme and the control group did not perform any plyometric training techniques. Resting serum levels of testosterone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and cortisol were measured in each subject at tO (before the training), t1 (end of third week) and t2 (end of training). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant (P < 0.05) interaction effects for testosterone, prolactin, FSH and cortisol. Six-week plyometric training decreased serum levels of testosterone, cortisol and FSH and increased serum levels of prolactin. These results suggest the presence of alterations in anabolic and catabolic hormonal responses to resistance exercise in men.
Injuries in Turkish national elite wrestling team
(W W F Verlagsgesellschaft Gmbh, 2011) Çoknaz, Hakkı
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the distribution curve of injuries during training and competition. Material and Method: Injuries were recorded in 123 free-style and 121 Greco-Roman style wrestlers at competitions and training sessions at the camps over 9 years. using an injury chart. Findings: There were 234 injuries in Greco-Roman style and 251 in free-style wrestling. Among Greco-Roman wrestlers, the most injuries were found in the upper extremities with 35.04%, followed by the lower extremities with 20.09% and the head with 15.81%. Among free-styles, lower extremities were highest with 39.84%, followed by the upper extremities with 30.28% and the head with 13.94%. Ears were the most injured parts in both groups. Training injuries accounted for 53.85% and competition injuries for 46.15% in Greco-Roman style, compared to 54.58% training injuries and 45.42% competition injuries in free-style. There were no statistical difference between Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling during training and competition in terms of injured body parts (p > .05).
Evaluation of renal function using cystatin-C & creatinine levels in serum after sub-maximal exercise in young males
(Amer Assoc Clinical Chemistry, 2007) Serin, Erdinç; Çoknaz, Hakkı; Şemşek, Önder
Using a constant time delay procedure to teach aquatic play skills to children with autism
(Council Exceptional Children, 2005) Yılmaz, İlker; Birkan, Bünyamin; Konukman, Ferman; Erkan, Mert
Effects of a constant time delay procedure on aquatic play skills of children with autism was investigated. A single subject multiple probe model across behaviors with probe conditions was used. Participants were four boys, 7-9 years old. Data were collected over a 10-week period using the single opportunity method as an intervention. Results revealed that all subjects increased, their correct target skills significantly during intervention. In addition, subjects maintained their successful play skills during first, second and forth week of maintenance phases. Results showed that constant time delay was an effective way of increasing and maintaining aquatic play skills of children with autism.
Developing the scale on discipline expectations of students: a validity and reliability study
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2020) Özcan, Gülsen; Aktağ, Işıl; Gülözer, Kaine
The study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the expectations of students from the discipline program implemented in their schools. The study was conducted with students studying in seven different high schools in fall semester of 2019-2020 school year. As a result of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), a 5-point Likert scale with 3 dimensions and 22 items was established. It was revealed that the fit index values for the final form of the scale are ?2 = 360.92, df = 206, P = 0.00, RMSEA = 0.062, GFI = 0.86, AGFI = 0.82, CFI = 0.93, RMR = 0.063; NNFI = 0.92. Cronbach Alpha reliability test was used to test the reliability of the ultimate scale and test retest reliability value was used to measure the stability of the test. Reliability value for the whole test was determined as .823, for the factor of Effective Teaching Discipline Expectation as 717, for the factor of Behavioral Discipline Expectation as 596, and for the factor of Social Discipline Expectation as .636. Test retest reliability of the test was determined as .763. Upon the evaluation of the analyses made, it was concluded that scale on discipline expectations of students is a valid and reliable scale to measure the discipline expectations of the students studying in secondary education institutions in Turkey.
Effects garlic on aerobic performance
(2000) İnce, Deniz İnal; Sönmez, Gül Tiryaki; İnce, Mustafa Levent
The effects of the administration of a single dose of garlic on the aerobic performance of college endurance athletes were investigated in this study. Ten trained male athletes participated voluntarily in this study. A 900-mg dose of dried garlic powder or placebo was administered randomly in a double-blind cross-over fashion. Five hours after ingestion of the tablets, the subjects underwent an incremental treadmill running test according to the Bruce protocol until subjective exhaustion. During the test, blood pressure and heart rate were monitored at 3 rain intervals. After a one-week wash out period, the subjects were crossed over and the procedures were repeated for the other substance. A paired t test was used for statistical analyses. There was a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and endurance performance time 5 h after garlic administration as compared to the placebo (p<0.05). The administration of single dose of garlic was thus shown to increase VO2max and endurance performance time of college endurance athletes during a treadmill running test according to the Bruce protocol.
Functionalization of low molecular weight atactic polypropylene Part II. Thermal and molecular weight studies
(2000) Akın-Öktem, Gülsu; Çetin, Seda; Öktem, Zeki
Number average molecular weight (M(n)), intrinsic viscosity ([?]) and glass transition temperature (T(g)) of low molecular weight atactic polypropylene (APP) grafted with 4-allyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (DMAB), 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol) and 4-propenylanisole (trans-anethole) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) at 170°C were determined. The influences of reaction time, concentration and extent of grafting on M(n), [?] and T(g) of APP were examined. The data were discussed with the mechanism of grafting reactions.
Geçmişten günümüze Amerikan okul sporları sisteminin incelenmesi
(2019) Özçakır, Sabri
Amerikan ortaöğretim ve yükseköğretim sisteminde yer alan okulların rekabetçi spor uygulamalarının başlangıcını ve geçirdiği dönüşümü inceleyen bu araştırmada doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Diğer ülkelerin aksine, spor yönetiminde şemsiye bir teşkilatın olmadığı Amerika’da liseler, kolejler ve profesyonel ligler temel spor tedarikçileri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Amerikan lise ve kolejlerinde eğitim ile ilgili sorumlulukların yanında sporun organizasyonu ve öğrencilere sportif aktivitelere katılım fırsatları da sunulmaktadır. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren liseler arasında ve kolejler arasında başlayan spor yarışmaları tüm hızıyla devam etmektedir. Özellikle 1972 yılında çıkarılan eğitim kurumlarında kız ve erkek öğrencilere eşit fırsatlar sunulmasını sağlayan yasa ile lise ve kolejlerde spor yapan kız öğrencilerin sayısı ciddi oranda artmıştır. Amerikan eğitim sisteminin içerisine bu denli güçlü bir yapıda bağlanan okul sporları hem eğitim hem de sporun gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Özetle okul sporları Amerikan eğitim sisteminin önemli bir bileşeni olarak varlığını sürdürmekte ve Amerikan kültürüne katkıda bulunmaya devam etmektedir.

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