Tohum Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI
Güncel Gönderiler
Öğe Exogenous citric acid, salicylic acid, and putrescine treatments preserve the postharvest quality and physicochemical properties of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) during cold storage(Wiley, 2023) Kibar, Hakan; Kibar, Beyhan; Turfan, NezahatTo extend the postharvest storage life of broccoli samples (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), an exogenous application of citric acid (CA), salicylic acid (SA), and putrescine (PUT) was tested in multiple combinations (0.5 and 1 mM) at 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity (RH) for 21 days (d). The weight loss (WL), respiration rate (RR), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, color (L*, a*, b*, chroma, and hue angle), proximate and mineral contents, phenolic and flavonoid contents, and other biochemical properties of the treated and untreated broccoli samples were evaluated throughout the storage duration. The lowest WL was observed when exposed to 0.5 mM of PUT. 1 mM CA and PUT treatments were affected by RR, depending on storage conditions. The lowest TSS content was observed in broccoli samples treated with 0.5 mM CA among all treatments. The chroma value of the samples was preserved by the 0.5 mM SA treatment. The most abundant element in broccoli samples was potassium in the control application, followed by a 1 mM SA treatment. In addition, the protein content was the highest in the 1 mM PUT treatment. The highest vitamin C was determined in the 1 mM CA treatment, and the most abundant vanillic acid was found in broccoli exposed to the 0.5 mM and treatment. Glucose content was determined at the lowest level in the 0.5 mM SA treatment, while higher increases occurred in other treatments. In terms of these findings, 1 mM CA, 1 mM SA, and 1 mM PUT delay WL, RR, and color degradation and prolong the storage life of broccoli samples stored at 4 +/- 0.5 degrees C. It was concluded that the biochemical content, fresh weight, and green color of broccoli samples throughout postharvest and storage can be maintained longer by exogenous application of these natural compounds. Therefore, we recommend 1 mM PUT and 1 mM CA treatments to maintain the quality of broccoli by minimizing losses in morphological properties, mineral, and biochemical compositions during postharvest storage.Öğe Role of postharvest oxalic acid treatment on quality properties, phenolic compounds, and organic acid contents of nectarine fruits during cold storage(MDPI, 2023) Eroğul, Deniz; Kibar, Hakan; Şen, Fatih; Gündoğdu, MüttalipDue to the soft texture of the nectarine fruit, there are difficulties in long-term storage of this fruit. Therefore, it is of great importance to extend the postharvest storage period of this fruit species. In this study, the effect of postharvest OA (Oxalic acid) applications (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM) on the quality and biochemical contents of nectarine fruits was investigated. On the 40th day of storage, 1.5 mM OA doses reduced weight loss (1.96%) and fruit flesh firmness (36 N) by approximately 44% and 20%, respectively, compared to the control group. The most effective dose in reducing the respiratory rate was again 1.5 mM OA. The 1 mM OA dose was determined to prevent the decay rate approximately by 16% compared to the control group. Organic acid contents showed a continuous decreasing trend during storage and malic acid was determined to be the dominant acid in nectarine fruits. At the end of storage, it was determined that a 1.5 mM OA dose prevented the decrease in malic acid content approximately 35% more than the control group. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were detected at a higher rate than other phenolics. It was observed that 1.5 mM OA dose prevented the breakdown of chlorogenic acid and rutin compounds more so than other doses during storage. In this study, it was determined that a 1.5 mM OA dose especially protected the quality properties and biochemical contents of nectarine fruits in the cold storage more than the control group.Öğe Kinetic approach to assess germination and growth parameters in 'Azkan' chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds during postharvest storage(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Kibar, Hakan; Soydemir, Hakkı Ekrem; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Çiftçi, VahdettinThis research aimed to investigate the impact of varying storage temperature (5-, 10-, 15-and 20 degrees C) and storage duration (0-, 60-, 120-, 180-, 240-, 300-, 360-, 420-, 480-and 540-days) on moisture contents, germination parameters (germination rate, mean germination time, germination speed, seed vigor index, germination energy and electrical conductivity) and growth parameters (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. In addition, it is aimed to determine the optimum storage temperature by applying kinetic model and multivariate analysis to these pa-rameters. During germination, the tested parameters presented differential sensitivity to both storage tempera-ture and duration. Seeds at a temperature of 20 degrees C were more affected than at 5, 10 and 15 degrees C. The storage at 20 degrees C reduced germination and growth parameters. It also caused an increase in electrical conductivity values, which decreased the viability of the seed and in the germination rate. The zero-order kinetic model was determined as the most suitable model for germination and growth parameters, and half-life and activation energy were determined accordingly. Based on the results obtained from the zero-order kinetic model, it can be suggested that the optimal storage temperature for maintaining seed quality is 5 and 10 degrees C.Öğe An in-depth study on shelf-life indicators of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in correlation to putrescine treatments and storage duration(Wiley, 2022) Berk, Selma Kuru; Taş, Akgül; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, MüttalipRaspberries are delicate fruits and are quite quickly perishable due to many reasons. Therefore, the variation of weight loss (WL), decay rate (DR), titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), pH, respiration rate (RR), fruit density (FD), chromatic parameters (L, a, b, chroma, hue angle, and Delta E), phenolics and flavonoids, and organic acids and vitamin C fresh red raspberries were investigated at 15-day intervals during storage period at 0 (control), 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mM L-1 PUT for 30 days. The physiochemical properties and biochemical composition of red raspberries changed significantly (except for pH, a, b, and hue angle) with increasing PUT concentrations and storage duration (p < .05), and WL, TA, pH, RR, b, chroma, hue angle, and Delta E values were fitted to the zero-order kinetic model; the values of DR, L, and a followed the first-order kinetic model; on the other hand, the values of SSC and FD followed the second-order kinetic model. Biochemical contents were determined to fit the first-order and second-order kinetic models. As a result of the cluster analysis, two groups were formed as a storage group on the 15th day and a storage group on the 30th day. Novelty impact statement This study ensures useful information for improving the quality properties of red raspberries considering the combined effect of putrescine treatment and storage duration. Putrescine treatment is a good alternative for preservation studies to substitute the control treatments. This putrescine treatment enhances the quality of products with short duration of storage.Öğe Long-term storage affects on the phenolic, mineral, color and cooking traits of chickpea seed(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Soydemir, Hakkı Ekrem; Kibar, Hakan; Çiftçi, VahdettinThis study was carried out to investigate the changes in some phenolic, mineral, color and cooking traits of chickpea seeds stored at different temperatures (5, 10, 15 and 20 degrees C) and duration (0-540 days). Significant variations in the investigated traits were found statistically before and after storage. The investigation revealed that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, protein, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper concentrations reduced at the end of the storage. Significant fluctuations in seed moisture content were observed depending on storage temperature and duration. Storage duration affected all color parameters except L* value, but storage interaction only influenced the a* value. According to correlation analysis, cooking time significantly correlated with hydration capacity and hydration index increased at the end of the storage. The eigenvalues of the first three principal components explained 80% and 75.1% of cumulative variances of mineral composition and cooking traits, respectively. In the biplot analysis, the Ca, Zn, Cu and Mg vectors revealed a high positive correlation with each other. The results of this study clearly revealed that 5 or 10 degrees C low storage temperature and 300-day storage period were the most suitable to maintain the quality of chickpea seeds. These findings could assist in providing information for the seed industry in maintaining nutritional composition for indication of storability and quality of chickpea seed, which in turn benefit the postharvest decisions for storage, distribution, and marketing.Öğe Influence of EMS applications on fatty acids composition in safflower(Academic Publication Council, 2023) Subaşı, İlhan; Başalma, Dilek; Arslan, Yusuf; Eryiğit, TamerSafflower is a valuable oil plant with 13-46% seed oil content rich in fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. In latest years, the safflower varieties with excessive oleic acid content have been started to be grown due to their high storage stability and suitability for frying. The research aimed to determine the influence of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS), which is the most commonly used chemical mutagen in experimental genetics, on the fatty acids' composition of safflower oil. In this study, seven different EMS rates were applied to 20 seeds harvested in August. As a result of the study, the primary fatty acids of the oil of the control plot plants were identified as 73% linoleic, 12% oleic, 5.8% palmitic, and 2.2% stearic acid. Compared to the control, the highest reduction among fatty acids was observed as 8.40% in oleic acid with 2 h of 0.64% EMS treatment. However, there were increases in oleic acid, stearic acid, and linoleic acid contents in some applications. In addition, lauric acid, which was not detected in the control treatments, was detected in most of the other applications, where the highest lauric acid ratio of 14.945% was determined under EMS treatment of 0.64% for 2 h. The results showed that the influence of EMS mutagenesis on safflower fatty acid composition might be affected differently by different mutation levels. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the impact of EMS mutagenesis on fatty acids across successive generations to confirm the results of this study.Öğe Characterization of local chestnut genotypes from Western Mediterranean area in Turkey(Springer, 2023) Geçer, Mustafa KenanChestnuts are produced in limited areas in the world and Turkey is one of the biggest chestnut producers globally with a production of 65,000 tons per year. The western Mediterranean, Middle Black Sea, and Aegean regions are the main chestnut production areas in Turkey. Vegetative propagation is not common in chestnut in Turkey and thus seed-propagated chestnut trees show great morphological diversity. In this study, the nuts of ten chestnut (Castanea sativa) genotypes propagated by seeds and naturally grown in Mugla province in western Turkey were sampled in 2019 and 2020. These ten genotypes were pre-selected according to better yield and fruit characteristics along with health status. The genotypes were subjected to morphological (tree growth habit, nut weight, nut size, kernel ratio and kernel color) and biochemical analysis (crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber, total carbohydrates, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity). The data obtained showed that a great variability was evident for most of the morphological and biochemical parameters among the ten genotypes. The nut weight and kernel ratio were between 3.85 and 7.67 g and between 72.11% and 83.66%, respectively, in ten genotypes. Semi-upright growing was common for most of the genotypes. The genotypes exhibited total crude fat, crude protein, and dietary fiber of 0.84-2.18%, 5.13-6.98%, and 2.33-4.07%, respectively. Results indicated rich diversity for most of the morphological and biochemical characteristics of seed-propagated chestnuts.Öğe An in-depth study on post-harvest storage conditions depending on putrescine treatments of kiwifruit(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Taş, Akgül; Berk, Selma Kuru; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, MüttalipThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 mM) of putrescine treatments on the post-harvest weight loss, decay, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, respiration rate, L* , a* , b* , Chroma and hue angle and phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C content of kiwi (cv. Hayward. The fruits were kept in a cold storage at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity for 140 days. The weight loss, soluble solids content, increases in respiration rate and high decreases in fruit density, firmness, and titratable acidity were detected in the control group fruits during storage. Among the putrescine treatments, 1.2 mM concentration was observed to be more effective than other concentrations and providing better protection for organic acids, while treatment with 2.0 mM was determined to be providing more protection in preventing the loss of vitamin C. The dominant organic acid of kiwi was determined as citric acid, followed by malic acid, succinic acid and vitamin C. Similarly, it was determined that treatment with 2.0 mM putrescine prevented the loss of phenolic acid and flavonoid more than the control group and other treatments. It was determined that the most common compound found among phenolic acids in kiwi was protocatechuic acid, followed by chlorogenic acid. At day 140 of storage, the minimum change was observed in protocatechuic acid with the application of 1.6 mM putrescine dose, while chlorogenic acid and catechin were the most conserved compounds under treatment with of 2.0 mM.Öğe Agro-morphological characterization and some seed characteristics of wild crambe (Brassicaceae) species in Turkey(MDPI, 2022) Subaşı, İlhanThe seeds of wild Crambe species have potential to be used as a source of industrial oil and animal feed. In this study, 48 genotypes of three Crambe species collected from the flora of Turkey were grown under field conditions in Ankara/Turkey in 2014-2016. The seed protein ratio, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant, thousand seed weight and hulless/hulled seed ratio (H/H) were determined. The highest protein ratio was determined as 26.02% in the t18 accession of Crambe tataria species. Variations in the characteristics were analyzed using principal component analysis. In the factor analysis of Crambe maritima, Crambe orientalis, Crambe tataria and the mean of these three species, the first two principal components accounted for 100%, 58.06%, 59.93% and 100% of the total variations, respectively. There were positive correlations between the plant height and number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant for C. orientalis, and number of branches per plant for C. tataria. Although seed yield per plant was high in C. tataria and C. orientalis, they are not suitable for conventional agriculture due to shell thickness, inhomogeneous plant emergence and shooting. Conventional cultivation of wild Crambe species can be made possible by eliminating these negative features with breeding and agronomic studies.Öğe Diversity in important fruit traits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. genotypes from Northeastern Turkey(Springer, 2023) Geçer, Mustafa KenanIn recent years, there has been increased interest in less-known fruit species including Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). For centuries, fruits of Russian olive have been used for traditional food and dietary supplements in most countries of Eastern Europe, the Balkans, Caucasia, and the Near East. The majority of Russian olive shrubs and trees are obtained from seeds and show great phenotypic diversity around the world. In the literature there are only a few studies on fruits of Russian olive. In the present study, 12 seed-propagated Russian olive genotypes were sampled from Artvin Province in Turkey and the main fruit traits including fruit mass, shape index, pedicel length, peel color, flesh color, moisture, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were determined. The results clearly showed that the researched genotypes differed in terms of most of the fruit traits including fruit mass, pedicel length, fruit shape index, fruit peel and flesh color, moisture content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The average fruit mass ranged from 1.47 to 2.33 g. Most of the genotypes had cream flesh color and a few genotypes had white-cream flesh color. Total phenolic content varied from 388 to 554 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g fresh fruit base. Among the genotypes A2, A4, A9, and A11 had a fruit mass over 2 g. Local Russian olive genotypes were found to be promising for further valorization through horticultural characteristics for breeding. Some genotypes had significantly higher fruit mass, total phenolic concentration, and antioxidant activity and may be good selections for producing health-related Russian olive products.Öğe Magnesium- a forgotten element: Phenotypic variation and genome wide association study in Turkish common bean germplasm(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Nadeem, Muhammad Azha; Sönmez, Ferit; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Mustafa, Zemran; Çiftçi, VahdettinMagnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant element in the human body and plays the role of cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions. In plants, Mg is involved in various key physiological and biochemical processes like growth, development, photophosphorylation, chlorophyll formation, protein synthesis, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Keeping in view the importance of this element, the present investigation aimed to explore the Mg contents diversity in the seeds of Turkish common bean germplasm and to identify the genomic regions associated with this element. A total of 183 common bean accessions collected from 19 provinces of Turkey were used as plant material. Field experiments were conducted according to an augmented block design during 2018 in two provinces of Turkey, and six commercial cultivars were used as a control group. Analysis of variance depicted that Mg concentration among common bean accessions was statistically significant (p < 0.05) within each environment, however genotype x environment interaction was non-significant. A moderate level (0.60) of heritability was found in this study. Overall mean Mg contents for both environments varied from 0.33 for Nigde-Dermasyon to 1.52 mg kg(-1) for Nigde-Derinkuyu landraces, while gross mean Mg contents were 0.92 mg kg(-1). At the province level, landraces from Bolu were rich while the landraces from Bitlis were poor in seed Mg contents respectively. The cluster constellation plot divided the studied germplasm into two populations on the basis of their Mg contents. Marker-trait association was performed using a mixed linear model (Q + K) with a total of 7,900 DArTseq markers. A total of six markers present on various chromosomes (two at Pv01, and one marker at each chromosome i.e., Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv11) showed statistically significant association for seed Mg contents. Among these identified markers, the DArT-3367607 marker present on chromosome Pv03 contributed to maximum phenotypic variation (7.5%). Additionally, this marker was found within a narrow region of previously reported markers. We are confident that the results of this study will contribute significantly to start common bean breeding activities using marker assisted selection regarding improved Mg contents.Öğe Identification of metabolites changes and quality in strawberry fruit: Effect of cultivation in high tunnel and open field(MDPI, 2022) Geçer, Mustafa Kenan; Orman ,Erdal; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Karunakaran, RohiniStrawberry has gained increasing popularity all over the world due to its fruit properties. This popularity is due to the phytochemicals that strawberries have. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of cultivation in open field and high tunnel on agromorphological and biochemical properties of strawberries. In this study, fruit yield and fruit quality characteristics of some strawberry varieties grown in open field and high tunnel were investigated. The highest fruit yield, fruit weight and titratable acidity were obtained in high tunnel grown Albion cultivar (542.743 g/plant, 14.927 g/fruit and 1.047%, respectively). While there was no statistical difference between cultivars and treatments in terms of soluble solids content and pH, fruit count was higher in Albion and Kabarla cultivars in both treatments compared to other cultivars (p < 0.05). Among the phenolic compounds, gallic acid was determined to be higher (between 9.246–31.680 mg/100 g) than other phenolics. Considering the organic acid content, malic acid was determined as the dominant organic acid in Kabarla cultivar (870.729 mg/100 g). In addition, in terms of vitamin C content, Rubygem cultivar stood out in both applications. Phenolic compound and organic acid contents varied in terms of varieties and applications. As a result, strawberry fruit, which is an important fruit in terms of fruit quality and consumption diversity, has been found to have high phenolic compounds and organic acid content, although it varies in all varieties and applications.Öğe Isolation of the 3 beta-HSD promoter from Digitalis ferruginea subsp. ferruginea and its functional characterization in Arabidopsis thaliana(Springer, 2022) Aslam, Noreen; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Yıldırım, Muhammet; Baloğlu, Mehmet Cengiz; Lossl, Andreas G.; Gürel, Ekrem; Yücesan, Bahtiyar BuharaBackground Although members of the SDR gene family (short chain dehydrogenase) are distributed in kingdom of life, they have diverse roles in stress tolerance mechanism or secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Nevertheless, their precise roles in gene expression or regulation under stress are yet to be understood. Methods As a case study, we isolated, sequenced and functionally characterized the 3 beta-HSD promoter from Digitalis ferruginea subsp. ferruginea in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results The promoter fragment contained light and stress response elements such as Box-4, G-Box, TCT-motif, LAMP element, ABRE, ARE, WUN-motif, MYB, MYC, W box, STRE and Box S. The functional analysis of the 3 beta-HSD promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings showed that the promoter was expressed in cotyledon and root elongation zone in 2 days' seedlings. However, this expression was extended to hypocotyl and complete root in 6 days' seedlings. In 20 days-old seedlings, promoter expression was distributed to the whole seedling including hydathodes aperture, vascular bundle, shoot apical meristem, trichomes, midrib, leaf primordia, hypocotyl and xylem tissues. Further, expression of the promoter was enhanced or remained stable under the different abiotic stress conditions like osmotic, heat, cold, cadmium or low pH. In addition, the promoter also showed response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application. The expression could not be induced in wounded cotyledon most likely due to lack of interacting elements in the promoter fragment. Conclusions Taken together, the 3 beta-HSD promoter could be a candidate for the development of transgenic plants especially under changing environmental conditions.Öğe Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for boosting antioxidant enzyme metabolism and mitigating saline stress in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)(MDPI, 2023) Yılmaz, Abdurrahim; Yıldırım, Ertan; Yılmaz, Halil; Soydemir, Hakkı Ekrem; Güler, Emrah; Çiftçi, VahdettinSalinity is one of the outstanding abiotic stress conditions that a significant part of the world faces. In recent years, beneficial microorganisms started to be utilized in plants to overcome several abiotic factors, including salinity. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mixture on growth and enzymatic responses in basil under salt stress were investigated using saline doses of 0 mM (Control), 150 mM, and 300 mM. Results showed that AMF enhanced all growth parameters, but only the leaf number was statistically significant. However, antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 25%, catalase (CAT) by 25%, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 5%, significantly enhanced. At the same time, the accumulation of oxidative enzymes, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), was reduced, from 12.05 mu mol g(-1) fw (control) to 11.17 mu mol g(-1) fw (AMF) and from 14.29 mu mol g(-1) fw to 10.74 mu mol g(-1) fw, respectively. AMF also significantly alleviated the chlorophyll loss caused by increasing saline doses. Multivariate analyses revealed the co-occurrence of stress metabolism enzymes as well as the proximate effect of AMF inoculation on basil yield and enzymatic activity. As a result, AMF was considered an appropriate tool for increasing growth and reducing salt stress under both stress-free and saline conditions.Öğe Kinetic modeling and multivariate analysis on germination parameters of quinoa varieties: Effects of storage temperatures and durations(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd., 2021) Kibar, Hakan; Temel, Süleyman; Yücesan, Bahtiyar BuharaQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivated since more than 5000 BC. Because the gluten-free and high nutritious grains have been of commercial interest over last two decades, studies have focused on mainly adaptation and commercial production. In this study, seed vigor was tested after different storage periods (60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days) and temperatures (4-, 10- and 25 degrees C) for Mint Vanilla and Titicaca varieties at the temperature-humidity-controlled environments. Seed testing and growth parameters for the grains raised from each storage conditions were recorded after 7 days of seed incubation in each treatment. It was shown that the maintenance of seed vigor can vary significantly depending on genotype selection (i.e. seed vigor was the highest for Titicaca grains), as a result of kinetic modeling and constellation plot analysis. The most effective temperature that can be used in storage for the longer durability for quinoa seeds is 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C. Seed deterioration and vigor loss were a clear patent at 25 degrees C for both quinoa varieties. As a result, the storage temperature and duration show the change of germination parameters and may be used as a reference for quinoa quality and consumption safety.Öğe Effect of biochar and PGPR on the growth and nutrients content of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) and post-harvest soil properties(MDPI, 2021) Çığ, Fatih; Sönmez, Ferit; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Sabagh, Ayman ElLimited availability of nutrients to crops is a major agricultural concern. Deteriorated soil health and poor fertility status decrease the bioavailability of essential nutrients to the plants. Consequently, organic soil amendment biochar is gaining attention due to its potential benefits. Rhizobacterial inoculation, are also documented as an effective technology for mobilization of immobile nutrients in soil. However, limited literature is available on combined use of rhizobacteria and biochar. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the changes in the nutrient content of einkorn wheat and the change in some soil properties during the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar. Four doses of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, and 10%) were applied with and without PGPR in the study. Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements. While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values. Combined biochar applications and PGPR had a significant effect on the pH, RFW, R/S, P, Na, and Cu. In conclusion, the combination of biochar and PGPR applications has shown a positive effect in terms of soil properties, plant growth, and element contents of einkorn wheat.Öğe Effects of ameliorative applications on photosynthetic pigments and some leaf properties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under salt stress(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Sönmez, Ferit; Kılıç, Özlem GürbüzThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of potassium, zinc and mycorrhiza applications on chlorophyll -a (Chl-a), chlorophyll -b (Chl-b), total chlorophyll (total Chl), chlorophyll a/b (Chl-a/b) and Total carotenoid (TC), leaf area index (LAI), sub stomata number (SSN), upper stomata number (USN) and germination rate (GR) in salt -stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The research was carried out in the growth chamber, controlled conditions and randomized parcels experimental design. Control, 25 in/Viand 50 m/17/ doses of NaCl were used to establish salinity. It was determined that salinity (S) had a significant effect on Chl-a, Chl-b, Total Chl, TC, USM, SSM and GR with a level of P<0.01, and on LAI with a level of P<0.05. The effects of ameliorative treatments (T) were found to be significant on Chl-a, Chlb, total Chl, TC, LAI, USM, SSM and GR with a level of P<0.01, and on Chl alb ratio with a level of P<0.05. It was determined that the interactions (SxT) had a significant effect on Chl-a, Chl-b, Total Chl, LAI, USM and SSM at P-10.01 level, and on total Chl level at P<0.05 level. At the end of the study, an increase in photosynthetic pigment contents was obtained with increasing salt doses. It has been determined that zinc and mycorrhiza applications are more effective under salinity conditions.Öğe Effect of ontogenetic and diurnal variabilities on yield and quality characteristics of summer savory (satureja hortensis l.)(PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2021) Katar, Nimet; Katar, Duran; Subaşı, IlhanThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different harvest times (ontogenetic and diurnal variability) on the yield characteristics, content and composition of essential oil in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) in 2014 and 2015. The experiments were conducted at the experimental fields of the department of field crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University using a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. According to this research results, values of dry herb yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield ranged from 2.11-3.26 t ha(-1), 2.07-2.79 t ha(-1), 2, 55-3, 73% and 56.89-93.57 1 ha(-1), respectively. Carvacrol, the first main component of the essential oil, ranged from 49.71 to 54.75%, while gamma-terpinene, the second main component, changed from 28,03 to 34.58%, Considering the dry leaf, essential oil yield, content and components, the harvest in 40-60% flowering period and at 12:00 pm for the cultivation of summer savory in EskiKhir ecological conditions can be suggested.Öğe Evaluation of biochemical changes and quality in peach fruit: Effect of putrescine treatments and storage(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2021) Kibar, Hakan; Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, MüttalipThe effects of putrescine (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mM) on quality and bioactive compounds of peach fruit (cv. Monley) are the focus of this study. Fruits were stored at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity for 40 days. In the controls, increases in weight loss, decay and soluble solids concentration, and decreases in fruit density, firmness, titratable acidity, pH, respiration rate and L*, a*, b*, C* and H degrees detected higly throughout storage period. All these properties examined were delayed importantly after putrescine treatments. It was observed that the phenolics, vitamin C and organic acid contents of fruits in general decreased during storage. All doses of putrescine prevented the breakdown of phenolic compounds more than the control group. The least changes in chlorogenic acid (9.26 mg 100g-1) and rutin (5.74 mg 100g-1) contents on the 40th day were obtained in 1.6 mM. Malic acid, which is the dominant organic acid of fruits, was determined as 6.73 and 8.61 g kg-1 in the treatments of 1.2-1.6 mM putrescine on the 40th day, respectively. It was noted that 1.6 mM (12.90 mg 100g-1) application prevented the breakdown of vitamin C more than the control group (6.10 mg 100g-1).Öğe CO2 respiration rates of einkorn wheat at different temperature and moisture contents(TUBİTAK Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2021) Kibar, HakanTemperature and grain moisture content are the main factors affecting grain spoilage in storage. These factors have a significant impact on the maintenance of quality, insect, fungus, and pest development. The main objective of this study was to determine the CO2 concentration and respiration rate of hulled einkorn wheat in different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C) and grain moisture contents (9.1%, 11.5%, 13.8%, and 15.9%, wet basis) by means of CO2 sensors. Multiple polynomial regression equation was developed to predict respiration as affected by temperature and grain moisture content. The CO 2 concentrations and respiration rates of wheat increased with an increase in temperature and grain moisture content. The highest mean cumulative CO 2 concentrations of 5461.4 ppm and respiration rate of 12.38 mg CO2 kg(-1) h(-1) were found with temperature at 35 degrees C. Minimum respiration rates were determined at 5 and 10 degrees C in all moisture contents. Adjusted R-square value of the multiple polynomial prediction equation depending on storage temperature and grain moisture content was found to be 0.76. According to these results, ambient temperature and grain moisture content were found to be extremely effective on respiratory rate. This study showed that 9.1-13.8% moisture content and 10-20 degrees C are suitable conditions to store einkorn wheat without a decrease in nutritional properties for long-term periods.
