Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/10778

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An in-depth study on post-harvest storage conditions depending on putrescine treatments of kiwifruit
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Taş, Akgül; Berk, Selma Kuru; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, Müttalip
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 mM) of putrescine treatments on the post-harvest weight loss, decay, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, respiration rate, L* , a* , b* , Chroma and hue angle and phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C content of kiwi (cv. Hayward. The fruits were kept in a cold storage at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity for 140 days. The weight loss, soluble solids content, increases in respiration rate and high decreases in fruit density, firmness, and titratable acidity were detected in the control group fruits during storage. Among the putrescine treatments, 1.2 mM concentration was observed to be more effective than other concentrations and providing better protection for organic acids, while treatment with 2.0 mM was determined to be providing more protection in preventing the loss of vitamin C. The dominant organic acid of kiwi was determined as citric acid, followed by malic acid, succinic acid and vitamin C. Similarly, it was determined that treatment with 2.0 mM putrescine prevented the loss of phenolic acid and flavonoid more than the control group and other treatments. It was determined that the most common compound found among phenolic acids in kiwi was protocatechuic acid, followed by chlorogenic acid. At day 140 of storage, the minimum change was observed in protocatechuic acid with the application of 1.6 mM putrescine dose, while chlorogenic acid and catechin were the most conserved compounds under treatment with of 2.0 mM.
Change in biochemical content of strawberry during shelf life with growth regulator treatments
(Springer, 2023) Berk, Selma Kuru; Orman, Erdal; Koçoğlu, Selma Tuna; Gündoğdu, Müttalip
The aim of this study was to determine the changes during shelf life in the organic acid and phenolic components of strawberry fruit ('Albion' cv.) treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Fruits were kept in plastic perforated containers for 3 and 5 days under room conditions. It was determined that vitamin C content decreased on day 3 in all treatments (from 22.35 to 5.27 mg 100 g(-1)), but increased on day 5 with MeJA + 1-MCP treatment. The highest citric acid level was measured as 1468.89 mg 100 g(-1) on day 3 (control) and as 1423.68 mg 100 g(-1) on day 5 (1-MCP). It was seen that phenolic compound content generally decreased with MeJA and 1-MCP interaction. Treatment with 0.25-mM MeJA increased the amount of catechin on days 3 and 5 (35.679 and 27.574 mg 100 g(-1), respectively). In addition, during shelf life, organic acid content generally increased, while phenolic compound content decreased with treatments. It was observed that the strawberry fruit quality varied according to treatments during the shelf life period.
Effects of branch number on quality traits and yield properties of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
(MDPI, 2021) Bak, Tuba; Karadeniz, Turan
Despite being the world leader in the production of hazelnuts, Turkey's nut yield per hectare is quite behind other producer countries. The main reasons for low yield are the completion of the economic life of hazelnut orchards and the lack of pruning following the technique. Hazelnuts are being grown with the 'ocak' system in Turkey. The ocak system is a bush-like growing technique that does not contain the main trunk but consists of shoots instead. It is necessary to maintain the optimum number of shoots per ocak to increase yield and quality in this system. The effects of different branch numbers on yield and fruit quality parameters of 'Tombul' and 'Palaz' hazelnut cultivars were investigated in Ordu ecological conditions. 'Palaz' had the highest yield per ocak in 8 branches (1460.19 g), while 'Tombul' had in the 5 branched ocak (2170.47 g). 'Palaz' and 'Tombul' had the highest fruit weights in 4 and 4-6 branches, respectively. The highest oil ratio of 'Palaz' was observed in 4 branches, while 'Tombul' had the highest in 5 branches. The highest kernel ratio was determined in 6 and 5 branches in 'Palaz' and 'Tombul', respectively. The ocaks with 4 and 5 branches were mostly expressed higher values, and it is foreseen that the number of branches should not exceed 6 to reduce the competition of the branches and to obtain good quality products.
Genetic and pathogenic variation in Heterodera latipons populations from Turkey
(Brill, 2021) Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Mokrini, Fouad; Duman, Nagihan; Paulitz, Timothy
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasite causing substantial yield losses in wheat throughout the world. This study aimed to determine genetic and pathogenic variation in IL latipons populations obtained from the southern part of Turkey. The populations were identified as H. latipons by sequencing the ITS-rDNA region and further sequence analysis showed an intraspecific genetic variation in H. latipons populations. which were clustered into different groups. The International Test Assortment materials were used to determine pathogenic variation (pathotypes) in these populations. The results showed that 'Ortolan'. 'Morocco', 'KVL191'. Tajo Aragon 1-1', 'Herta'. 'Martin 403-T. 'Sun II' and 'Pusa Hybrid Bsi' cultivars were resistant or moderately resistant to the tested nematode populations. 'Emir', 'Dalmatische' and 'Capa' were susceptible to IL latipons populations. The Hatay population of H. latipons was detected as the most virulent nematode population because ten out of 20 cultivars were susceptible or moderately susceptible to this population. The least virulent population was the Kills population, which caused susceptible reaction on six out of all cultivars with different levels. Based on this scheme. the Turkish populations were in the Hal group: the reactions of barley, oats and wheat classified them as either Ha41 or Ha51. Barley 'KVL191' was resistant to all nematode populations but susceptible to Ha51 and the reactions of the other barley cultivars were also consistent with the Turkish populations being Ila51. AUS10894' was susceptible to three nematode populations but resistant to Ila41, and the reaction of 'Capa' was also consistent with the Turkish populations being Ha51. However, the degree of susceptibility of all wheat differentials distinguishes the Turkish populations from other pathotypes in the Ha1 group.
Influence of pre-harvest gibberellic acid and post-harvest 1-methyl cyclopropane treatments on phenolic compounds, vitamin c and organic acid contents during the shelf life of strawberry fruits
(Mdpi, 2021) Taş, Akgül; Berk, Selma Kuru; Orman, Erdal; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Karataş, Neva; Jurikova, Tunde
In recent years, significant portions of the fresh fruits and vegetables produced worldwide have been decaying before reaching the consumer because of insufficient preservation after harvest. In this direction, we carried the study out to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and 1-methyl cyclopropane (1-MCP) applications on phenolic compounds and organic acid contents of the strawberry fruits (cv. Albion) during shelf-life. Gibberellic acid treatments, which prepared in two different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm), were performed by spraying the leaves before harvest. 1-methyl cyclopropane applied after harvest. The results of the study showed a greater decrease in organic acids (except oxalic and succinic acid) in Gibberellic acid-applied fruits during shelf-life. Citric acid was recorded as the most abundant organic acid in the control group. In phenolic compounds, gallic acid (15.22 mg 100 g(-1)) and ellagic acid (9.38 mg 100 g(-1)) were recorded as the highest phenolic compounds on the third day. 1-MCP and GA(3) (50 ppm) + 1-MCP treatment reduced the breakdown of vitamin C during the shelf-life of strawberry fruits compared to the control group. As a result, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and organic acids decreased during the shelf-life, and 1-MCP applications slowed down the breakdown of these compounds.
Influence of foliar application with gibberellic acid on phenolic and bioactive compounds of strawberry fruits
(Springer, 2021) Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Berk, Selma; Yıldız, Kenan; Kaki, Barış; Tuna, Selma; Canan, İhsan; Okatan, Volkan
In present study, effects of foliar GA3 treatments on phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamin C content and agro-morphological characteristics of 5 strawberry cultivars were investigated. Principle component analysis was also performed to assess the variations in and relationships between bioactive compounds contents of cultivars treated with GA(3). Although they varied depending on cultivars, the highest organic acid contents were generally determined in fruits treated with 50 ppm GA3. Both GA(3) treatments increased vitamin C contents in 'Albion' and 'Aromas' but decreased in 'Seascape' fruits. GA treatment caused significant change in some phenolic compounds content. While 100 ppm GA(3) treatment significantly increased catechin content of 'Albion' and 'Aromas', it decreased catechin content of 'Seascape' fruits. Results of PCA analysis showed that 'Sweet Ann' differ from other cultivars by poor ascorbic and fumaric acid content. 'Albion' and 'Honeoye' differ from other cultivars by high p-coumaric and low ellagic acid contents.
Effect of methyl jasmonate application on bioactive contents and agro-morphological properties of strawberry fruits
(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2020) Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Berk, Selma Kuru; Yıldız, Kenan; Canan, İhsan; Ercişli, Sezai; Tuna, Selma
In this study, methyl jasmonate were applied to strawberry cultivars, and the pomological and biochemical characteristics of the fruits were investigated. The highest increase in fruit weight was determined in the Honeoye cultivar and it was detected in the application of 0.50 mM MeJa according to the control group. When the organic acid contents of fruits were examined, it was determined that the dominant acid was citric acid and the maximum range (Control: 1.49 g kg(-1); 0.50 mM MeJa: 16.49 g kg(-1)) was in the Seascape cultivar. When the ellagic acid content of the fruits was examined, the highest increase (Control: 13.350 mg 100 g(-1), 0.25 mM MeJa: 22.768 mg 100 g(-1)) was found in the Sweet Ann cultivar. In this study, it was determined that appropriate concentrations of MeJa should be preferred in cultivation of strawberry and these concentrations affected the fruit quality parameters.
Role of maturity stages on phenolic compounds and organic acids contents in red currant fruits
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Berk, Selma; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Tuna, Selma; Taş, Akgül
The aim of this research was to determine the changes in the organic acids and phenolic compounds in fruits of red currant due to maturity. It was harvested two cultivars (Red Lake and Rovada cv.) during four different maturity stages (green color, veraison, pink color, and red color) in red currant orchard in Bolu province. In red currant fruits 12 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric, rutin, phloridzin, and quercetin), 6 organic acids (malic, succinic, citric, fumaric, tartaric, and oxalic acid), and vitamin C were determined depending on maturity. All ripening times were found to be rich in catechin and rutin. It was determined that the contents of vanillic acid, ferulic acid, routine, phloridzin, and quercetin increased with maturation. In the study, the highest organic acids contents were determined at green stages. The content of vitamin C varied depending on the ripening. The results suggest that red currant fruits were richest in organic acids and phenolic compounds in red maturity period.
Agro-morphological and biochemical characterization of wild prunus spinosa l. subsp. dasyphylla (schur) domin genotypes naturally grown in western black sea region of Turkey
(Mdpi, 2020) Berk, Selma Kuru; Taş, Akgül; Orman, Erdal; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Necas, Tomas; Ondrasek, Ivo; Karataş, Neva
In this study, agro-morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of 23 plum genotypes belonging to Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin growing wild in the West Black Sea Region in Turkey were investigated. Agro-morphological, sensory and biochemical properties of genotypes were highly different from each other. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the correlation between these properties and genotypes. The variation in the study was determined to be 63.5% in agro-morphological properties, 53.8% in organic acids and 46% in phenolic compounds. In terms of fruit weight, 14BLM08 genotype (38.42 g) was determined to be superior to other genotypes. The fruit firmness value, which is important in the storage of fruits, was recorded as the highest in the 14BLM14 genotype (9.07 kg/cm(2)). Chlorogenic acid was higher than the other phenolic compounds and the highest value was obtained in the 14BLM20 (11.45 mg/kg) genotype. It was recorded that the value of malic acid, which is the major organic acid of the plums, varied between 269.65-1294.64 mg/100 g. Genotypes showed diverse vitamin C content, and the highest value was found in the 14BLM18 genotype as 54.42 mg/100g. Each genotype showed superiority according to the type of traits, and thus breeders may have used these genotypes as the superior ones for specific plum breeding purposes. In addition, these genotypes could be satisfactorily used in domestication.
Host suitability of different wheat lines to Pratylenchus thornei under naturally infested field conditions in Turkey
(Brill Academic Publishers, 2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Mokrini, Fouad; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; Yıldız, Şenol; Orakçı, Gül Erginbaş; Duman, Nagihan; İmren, Mustafa
The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, attacks a wide range of crops and causes significant reductions in global grain production. Breeding programmes are currently restricted to using parents with moderate resistance to P. thornei as cereal cultivars with complete resistance are yet to be identified. This study evaluated 484 of CIMMYT's spring wheat accessions for resistance to P. thornei of which 56 lines were pre-identified as resistant under controlled growth room conditions. These lines were further evaluated for their resistance and tolerance reactions under field conditions, where 14 accessions maintained their resistance and 16 were moderately resistant against P. thornei. Four lines gave excellent resistant and tolerance reactions to P. thornei. The relationship between the nematode reproduction factor (P-f/P-i) and wheat grain yield in field experiments fits a linear regression model. These findings could be useful for improving P. thornei resistance in wheat.
Biological value and chemical components of essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown with organic fertilization sources
(Wiley, 2019) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Çamlıca, Mahmut; Özen, Ferit
BACKGROUND Environmental safety of the agricultural utilization of livestock and poultry manures from intensive farming is attracting great attention and is effective as a good source of nitrogen for sustainable crop production. The present study aimed to determine the effects of organic poultry manure applications on the biological value and essential oil content of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). In this context, different doses of chicken, kibele (fermented chicken manure) and turkey manure (750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 kg da(-1)) with a control (no manure) were applied by sowing. RESULTS The essential oils consisted of p-Allyl-anisole as the most abundant component (5.65-17.90%), followed by nerol (6.69-16.11%), linalool (5.10-10.81%) and z-citral (5.23-10.73%). The contents of most of the chemical constituents varied significantly (P < 0.05) with organic poultry manure applications. The highest concentration for essential oils components was found in the chicken manure application. Both the antioxidant activity and total phenolic amounts of the basil extracts varied significantly as the organic poultry manure applications changed. The highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic amounts were obtained in the treatments with chicken manure doses of 1000 and 1250 kg da(-1), which were significantly different compared to the other treatments and the control treatment. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils against bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was assessed by the disc diffusion method and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results of antimicrobial assays indicated that all of the tested microorganisms were affected. The highest antibacterial activity against all tested microbial species was observed with 1250 kg da(-1) chicken manure applications. CONCLUSION Among the organic poultry fertilizations, chicken fertilization was of particular interest. Especially, chicken manure doses of 1000-1250 kg da(-1) had the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activity, as well as total phenolics, flavonoids and essential oil components. (c) 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of poultry manure on yield and nutrient composition of sweet basil (ocimum basilicum l.)
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Çamlıca, Mahmut; Özen, Ferit; Eratalar, Sabri Arda
Poultry manure is one of the best organic fertilizers available and is an extremely valuable resource, organic matter content, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and percent base saturation. Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) is an essential oil producing crop used in culinary and fragrance applications. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the effects of organic poultry manure and conventional fertilization on plant growth, yield and inorganic matter content of sweet basil. In this context, the different doses of chicken and turkey manure (7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 t ha(-1)) with a control (no manure) and conventional fertilization were applied with sowing. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained from the plants grown with turkey and chicken manure at a rate of 10-12.5 t ha(-1). The most of the nutrient content varied significantly with organic poultry manure applications. Overall, basil plants fertilized with turkey manure at a rate of 10-12.5 t ha(-1) and 7.5 t ha(-1) chicken manure dose accumulated greater concentrations of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). The results from this study demonstrated that organic or conventional fertilizer can alter fresh or dry weight, and the nutrient content.
Distribution and diversity of cyst nematode (nematoda: heteroderidae) populations in the republic of Azerbaijan, and their molecular characterization using its-rDNA analysis
(Organization Trop Amer Nematologists, 2019) Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer; Muminjanov, Hafiz; Orakcı, Gül Erginbaş; Fakhraddin, G. Ahmadova; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Yıldız, Sevilay; Duman, Nagihan
Cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) are a significant threat to global cereal production systems and choosing the correct management strategy requires knowledge and identification of various species. We conducted a survey across the main cereal-growing regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2017. Cyst-forming nematodes were detected in 34 samples (44.7%), of which 28 were identified as H. filipjevi or H. avenae using internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequencing. Six populations were unidentifiable to species level and were recorded as belonging to the H avenae group. H. filipjevi was the dominant species, found in 19 samples (25%) from the provinces of Qobustan, Ismailli, Oguz, Sheki, Barda, and Kurdamir. H. avenae was detected in 9 samples (11.8%) across the provinces of Ismailli, Oguz, and Sheki. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that populations of H. filipjevi clustered in one group with two subgroups, all supported by high bootstrap values. Populations of H. avenae also clustered in one group with two subgroups. Genetic dissimilarities were higher within populations of H. filipjevi when compared to populations of H. avenae. The density of many of these cyst populations approached or exceeded the maximum threshold level for economic losses. This is the first report on H. filipjevi and H. avenae in Azerbaijan. The knowledge of cereal cyst nematode presence is extremely important for Azerbaijan's agricultural industry when assessing the occurrence and distribution of soilborne diseases. Management measures to control cereal cyst nematodes should be directed towards breeding for resistant germplasm, crop rotation, and implementing other management practices.
Biochemical characteristics of sweet cherry germplasm in Turkey
(Mattioli 1885, 2019) Canan, İhsan; Gündoğdu, Muttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Berk, Selma Kuru; Saraçoğlu, Onur
In this study, phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugars, vitamin C and total antioxidant activities of national (0900 Ziraat, Malatya Dalbasti and Sari Kiraz) and universal (Merton Late, Vista, Bing and Lambert) sweet cherry cultivars and one genotype (1355) were investigated. We determined fourteen phenolic compounds, five organic acids and three sugars in sweet cherry fruit. In general, gallic, vanilic and ellagic acid were major phenolic compounds in fruit of sweet cherry cultivars and genotype. The genotype1355 had more phenolic compounds compared to cultivars. It was determined that malic acid was frequently determined among the fruit of investigated cultivars and genotype. It was observed the highest sugar content was measured in 1355 genotype and 0900 Ziraat cultivar. Total antioxidant capacity was the highest (9.22 mu mol TE g(-1)) in fruit of cultivar 0900 Ziraat. Overall the genotype 1355 found the most promising due to having favorable properties and could be recommended for farmers and consumers.
Variation in organic acid, sugar and phenolic compounds in fruits of historical apple cultivars
(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2018) Çelik, Ferit; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Kaki, Barış; Berk, Selma; İlhan, Gülce; Sağbas, Halil Ibrahim
Knowledge about diversity of local apple cultivars is particularly important and helps to ensure that specific cultivars are available when and where farmers need them. The phenolic content, organic acids and sugars were investigated in the four historical apple cultivars ('Aslik', 'Cebegirmez', 'Bey Elmasi' and 'Arapkizi') grown in Van province, located in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the study, ellagic acid (63.034 mg per 100 ml) was found to be higher than other phenolic compounds and followed by vanilic acid, caffeic acid and routine, respectively. When examined the apple cultivars, it has been found that the 'Bey Elmasi' cultivar has the highest content of six phenolic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, catechin and quercetin). The organic acid contents were as follows: malic>fumaric>succinic>citric>tartaric among cultivars. 'Arapkizi' cultivar possessed the highest value of four organic acids except of tartaric acid. It was determined that fructose was the major sugar for all apple cultivars. There was a positive correlation among gallic, ellagic acid and routine. Similarly, the positive correlation was observed among malic, fumaric and succinic acid. However the negative correlation between citric acid and all sugars was observed. As a result, 'Bey Elmasi' and 'Arapkizi' cultivars with higher phenolic content, 'Arapkizi' cultivar with higher organic acid content and 'Aslik' cultivar with higher sugar content comes to the foreground. Results indicated the importance of local apple germplasm to use of them for future apple breeding activities to increase inner quality.
Alleviation of salt stress by increasing potassium sulphate doses in four medicinal and aromatic plants
(Taylor & Francis As, 2018) Yaldız, Gülsüm; Özen, Ferit; Çamlıca, Mahmut; Sönmez, Ferit
In this study, the effects of potassium doses (control, 150, 300 and 450mg K2SO4 kg(-1)) and salt stress (control, 100mM NaCl) on the yield and some element content of four medicinal and aromatic (Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Ocimum basilicum and Foeniculum vulgare) plants were investigated in climate chamber. Both salinity and K fertiliser levels affected the fresh and dry weight of all evaluated plants. Anethum graveolens, Ocimum basilicum species are more sensitive to salinity, particularly at the vegetative productive stages. The highest fresh and dry weights of leaves, stems, roots and herb in Coriandrum sativum and Foeniculum vulgare species was observed in 300mgkg(-1) fertiliser applications. In general, there was a relatively consistent and positive correlation between root element content and aerial parts element content. The result of the present study showed that NaCl treatment caused an increase in Na+ concentration, and a decrease in K+ and Ca+2 concentration in Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Ocimum basilicum and Foeniculum vulgare. There was an interaction between K2SO4 application and salinity effects on Na+ concentration in the all evaluated plants. Given the experimental results, especially Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum species were the most resistant to salt stress.
Antioxidant capacity and bioactive contents of mulberry species from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
(Assoc Pharmaceutical Teachers India, 2018) Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Tunçtürk, Murat; Berk, Selma; Şekeroğlu, Nazım; Gezici, Sevgi
In this study, we aimed to determine biochemical contents of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry genotypes grown in the Hakkari region. At the end of the study, organic acids, phenolic compounds, sugars, vitamin C and antioxidant capacities of mulberry species were determined. Black mulberry genotypes were found to contain higher antioxidant capacity than white mulberry genotypes. The highest antioxidant capacity was detected in the 30YK03 (25.55 mu moITE/g) black mulberry genotype. While phenolic compounds varied in mulberry species, especially gallic acid (57.78 mg/100g), chlorogenic acid (53.13 mg/100g), and rutin (37.77 mg/100g) had the highest values. Malic acid was found to be higher than other organic acids and was found to be 13.51 g/100g in the highest 30HK03 genotype. Although sugar contents varied in mulberry species, glucose was determined higher than fructose and sucrose in mulberries.
Effects of different basil hydrosol doses on the germination and shoot and root lenghts of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds
(Assoc Pharmaceutical Teachers India, 2017) Çamlıca, Mahmut; Yaldız, Gülsüm; Özen, Ferit
Objective: Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have allelopathic effects on seed germination, root and shoot length due to the chemicals included in their extracts or essential oils. In this study, the changes in the germination rate, and shoot and root length of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seeds exposed to different concentrations of basil hydrosol have been investigated. Material and Methods: The treatments included distilled water (control), tap water and different concentrations of basil hydrosol (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml). The study was conducted with a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Twenty seeds of each species were placed on a filter paper in Petri dishes. For each treatment, 2 ml test solution (distilled water or tap water or hydrosols) was applied to each replicate. All the experiments were carried out at 29 +/- 1 degrees C, dark photoperiod using a drying oven under laboratory conditions. Results: All the basil and quinoa seeds were successfully germinated within 3 to 7 days. Following the treatments, the root and shoot lengths changed from 0.10 to 1.24 cm and 0.53 to 2.15 cm, respectively for the basil and from 0.32 to 3.59 cm and 0.63 to 1.97 cm for the quinoa. Conclusion: Increasing the applied dosage of basil hydrosol significantly decreased the seed germination rate and shoot and root length. In particular, 2 ml hydrosol prevented seed germination by more than 50% in basil.
Diversity on color and phenolic compounds in apricot fruits
(Springer, 2017) Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Berk, Selma; Kan, Tuncay; Canan, İhsan
Turkey dominate world apricot production for a long time sharing 23% of world fresh apricot production and the country also realizes 82% of the total dried apricot trade of the world. In this study, phenolic compounds and fruit skin color in eight apricot cultivars grown in Malatya province of Turkey and correlations between phenolic compounds and fruit skin color were determined. Among apricot cultivars, 'Wilson Delicious' was the most orange-colored fruit skin color. Pyrogallol and rutin were found to be predominant phenolic compounds for all cultivars. Pearson correlation coefficients between pyrogallol, catechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin and b color values were found statistically significant (P < 0.01). 'Harcot' cultivar came into prominence because of high pyrogallol (1596.26 mu g g(-1)), catechol (119.89 mu g g(-1)), chlorogenic acid (281.44 mu g g(-1)), caffeic acid (167.86 mu g g(-1)) and epigallocatechin (132.46 mu g g(-1)) levels. Overall 'Ordubat' cultivar had the lowest phenolic compounds. Among the yellow-colored cultivars, 'Harcot' and 'Wilson Delicious' had the richest phenolic compounds among yellow and orange-colored cultivars, respectively.
The effect of sub-chronic systemic ethanol treatment on corpus cavernosal smooth muscle contraction: the contribution of RhoA/Rho-kinase
(Springer, 2016) Kumcu, Eda Karabal; Aydınoğlu, Fatma; Astarcı, Erhan; Öğülener, Nuran
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the sub-chronic systemic ethanol exposure has direct effect on cavernosal smooth muscle contractions induced by KCl (depolarizing) and phenylephrine (alpha(1)-receptor agonist), and the possible involvement of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Sub-chronic systemic ethanol was applied to mice with inhalation route for 14 days. The blood levels in ethanol-treated mice averaged 121.2 +/- 9.1 mg/dl. KCl (80 mM) and phenylephrine (10 nM-100 mu M) induced sustained contractions in corpus corporal strips from sham-treated mice. Sub-chronic ethanol treatment reduced the contractions to KCl. However, phenylephrine-induced contractions were not affected by ethanol treatment. Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil (50 mu M) and Y-27632 (50 mu M) inhibited contractions to KCl and phenylephrine in sham-treated mice. Ethanol treatment increased the inhibitory effect of Rho-kinase inhibitors on contractions to phenylephrine. The relaxations induced by fasudil (100 mu M) and Y-27632 (500 mu M) did not change in ethanol treatment group. In ethanol-treated group, the expression of RhoA decreased compared to sham-treated group. Also, ROCK1 expression was reduced by ethanol but not statically significant to sham-treated group; however, the expression of ROCK2 increased in ethanol group. From these findings, it seems that phenylephrine and KCl-induced contractions depends on RhoA/Rho-kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization. Also, these results suggest that the ethanol treatment decreased the expression of RhoA, and the inhibitory effect of ethanol on KCl-induced contractions may be due to, at least in part, the inhibition of a RhoA/Rho-kinase in mouse corpus cavernosum.

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