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Öğe Incidence and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with wheat-cropping systems in the inner part of the Aegean Region of Turkey(Brill, 2023) Duman, Nagihan; Yıldız, Şenol; İmren, Mustafa; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Öcal, Atilla; Dinçer, DilekPlant-parasitic nematodes are among the most influential soil organisms worldwide and have a detrimental impact on wheat productivity; they also play a major role in maintaining soil diversity. However, limited information is available on the biodiversity of nematodes associated with wheat cropping systems in Turkey. To address this knowledge gap, 45 wheat fields in the Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey were sampled in 2021 in order to extract and identify nematodes. A total of 14 genera and 44 species of these nematodes were identified based on their physical traits and ITS DNA sequences examination. Shannon diversity index was used to determine the prevalence and biodiversity features of these nematodes. This study represents the first comprehensive research on plant parasitic nematodes from wheat-growing regions in the Afyonkarahisar Province. The genera Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Merlinius, Pratylenchoides and Pratylenchus dominated with a high relative abundance percentage >60%, and were extremely common (>90% for each). The average Shannon index of nematode species in the wheat fields was 2.20, with an evenness value of 0.81, indicating moderate diversification and good nematode evenness. This study also revealed a significant correlation between nematode genus biodiversity and edaphic, climatic and geographical factors. Finally, this research demonstrated a remarkable diversity of soil nematodes associated with wheat crops and they have the potential to be useful tools for extensive soil bio-study.Öğe An in-depth study on shelf-life indicators of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in correlation to putrescine treatments and storage duration(Wiley, 2022) Berk, Selma Kuru; Taş, Akgül; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, MüttalipRaspberries are delicate fruits and are quite quickly perishable due to many reasons. Therefore, the variation of weight loss (WL), decay rate (DR), titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), pH, respiration rate (RR), fruit density (FD), chromatic parameters (L, a, b, chroma, hue angle, and Delta E), phenolics and flavonoids, and organic acids and vitamin C fresh red raspberries were investigated at 15-day intervals during storage period at 0 (control), 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mM L-1 PUT for 30 days. The physiochemical properties and biochemical composition of red raspberries changed significantly (except for pH, a, b, and hue angle) with increasing PUT concentrations and storage duration (p < .05), and WL, TA, pH, RR, b, chroma, hue angle, and Delta E values were fitted to the zero-order kinetic model; the values of DR, L, and a followed the first-order kinetic model; on the other hand, the values of SSC and FD followed the second-order kinetic model. Biochemical contents were determined to fit the first-order and second-order kinetic models. As a result of the cluster analysis, two groups were formed as a storage group on the 15th day and a storage group on the 30th day. Novelty impact statement This study ensures useful information for improving the quality properties of red raspberries considering the combined effect of putrescine treatment and storage duration. Putrescine treatment is a good alternative for preservation studies to substitute the control treatments. This putrescine treatment enhances the quality of products with short duration of storage.Öğe Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey (Aug, 10.1007/s10722-02201452-0, 2022)(Springer, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Özer, GökselFollowing publication of the original article [1], the affiliation of the first author and the second author are swapped. The correct affiliation of two authors is given below.Öğe Physiological characterization of wild cornelian cherry genotypes in terms of phenolic compounds, organic acids and antioxidants(Springer, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, MüttalipIt is of great importance that people eat healthy in order to reduce the negative effects of ecological changes and technological developments in the world. Therefore, the interest in fruits, which are rich in biochemical contents, is increasing day by day. Among these fruit types, cornelian cherry has an important potential. In this study, antioxidant, total monomeric anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C contents of fruits belonging to 25 cornelian cherry genotypes were determined. Principal component and cluster analyzes were performed to determine the correlation between compounds. In the study, when the organic acid content of the fruits was examined, it was seen that tartaric acid and citric acid followed this acid with the highest malic acid content. It was determined that ellagic acid, catechin and chlorogenic acid, which are specific phenolics, are generally higher than other phenolic compounds. Total anthocyanin content showed great variation between genotypes and ranged from 3.79 mu g cy-3-glu/g (14BL06) to 77.65 mu g cy-3-glu/g. TEAC values were determined between 4.14 and 11.03 mu mol TE/g and FRAP values are between 3.37 and 10.50 mu mol TE/g. According to principal component analysis, the correlation between total antioxidant, total phenolic and total anthocyanins was 94.70%. While the correlation between phenolic compounds was determined as 42.40%, it was determined that the correlation between organic acids was 59%. As a result, it has been revealed that cornelian cherry gene sources are rich in biochemical contents and can be used effectively in functional foods.Öğe Molecular and agromorphological characterization of Cornus mas L. genotypes in the flora of Turkey(Springer, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Özer, GökselCornus mas L. is a type of fruit preferred by consumers due to its rich bioactive compounds, attractive appearance, unique taste, high biological activities, sensory properties and nutritional properties. Morphological and molecular characterization of 61 C. mas genotypes collected from the flora of Bolu province was carried out in the current study. According to the two-year average data, the fruit and core weights of the genotypes showed significant variation with ranges from 1.44 to 3.37 g and from 0.19 to 1.13 g, respectively. The soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity values changed between 10.37 and 21.22%, 3.45 and 2.44, and 1.01% and 2.46%, respectively. Inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers were evaluated for genetic variation among C. mas genotypes for the first time worldwide. Five iPBS markers amplified 80 fragments, 60 polymorphic (75%) with an average of 12 polymorphic bands per primer. Each of the selected iPBS markers supplied adequate separation power. Polymorphism information content and resolution power of markers ranged from 0.18 to 0.28 and from 3.57 to 8.43, with averages of 0.24 and 5.52, respectively. The iPBS primer 2378 had the highest polymorphism rate value (88.89%), whereas iPBS primers 2242 and 2232 had the lowest (66.67%) phylogenetic analysis grouped genotypes into three main groups. The unweighted pair groups method using arithmetic averages, principal coordinate, and structure analyses confirmed a high level of genetic diversity among the investigated genotypes in this work. The findings will help to plant breeders to characterize C. mas genotypes.Öğe An in-depth study on post-harvest storage conditions depending on putrescine treatments of kiwifruit(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Taş, Akgül; Berk, Selma Kuru; Kibar, Hakan; Gündoğdu, MüttalipThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0 mM) of putrescine treatments on the post-harvest weight loss, decay, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH, respiration rate, L* , a* , b* , Chroma and hue angle and phenolic compounds, organic acids and vitamin C content of kiwi (cv. Hayward. The fruits were kept in a cold storage at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity for 140 days. The weight loss, soluble solids content, increases in respiration rate and high decreases in fruit density, firmness, and titratable acidity were detected in the control group fruits during storage. Among the putrescine treatments, 1.2 mM concentration was observed to be more effective than other concentrations and providing better protection for organic acids, while treatment with 2.0 mM was determined to be providing more protection in preventing the loss of vitamin C. The dominant organic acid of kiwi was determined as citric acid, followed by malic acid, succinic acid and vitamin C. Similarly, it was determined that treatment with 2.0 mM putrescine prevented the loss of phenolic acid and flavonoid more than the control group and other treatments. It was determined that the most common compound found among phenolic acids in kiwi was protocatechuic acid, followed by chlorogenic acid. At day 140 of storage, the minimum change was observed in protocatechuic acid with the application of 1.6 mM putrescine dose, while chlorogenic acid and catechin were the most conserved compounds under treatment with of 2.0 mM.Öğe Fruit quality characteristics of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) genotypes(American Chemical Society, 2023) Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Orman, Erdal; Çelik, Kenan; Marc, Romina AlinaIn this study, agro-morphological properties, phenoliccompounds,and organic acid contents in the fruits of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) genotypes naturally grown inTu''rkiye (Bolu) were determined. The fruit weights of genotypeswere found to be quite variable, ranging from 5.42 g (14MR05) to 12.54g (14MR07). The highest L*, a*,and b* fruit external color values were found tobe 34.65 (14MR04), 10.48 (14MR09), and 9.10 (14MR08), respectively.The highest chroma and hue values were recorded as 12.87 (14MR09)and 49.07 (14MR04), respectively. 14MR03 and 14MR08 genotypes exhibitedthe highest amount of soluble solid content and titratable acidity(TA) as 20.58 and 1.55%, respectively. The pH value was found to bein the range of 3.98 (14MR010)-4.32 (14MR04). Chlorogenic acid(14MR10, 48.49 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (14MR10, 36.93 mg/100 g), andrutin (14MR05, 36.95 mg/100 g) were predominant phenolic acids observedin the fruits of service tree genotypes. The predominant organic acidin all fruit samples was malic acid (14MR07, 34.14 g/kg fresh weightbasis), and the highest quantity of vitamin C was detected at 95.83mg/100 g in genotype 14MR02. Principal component analyses (%) wereperformed to determine the correlation between the morphological-physicochemical(60.6%) and biochemical characteristics of genotypes (phenolic compounds:54.3%; organic acids and vitamin C: 79.9%). It was determined thatmeasured genotypes were important genetic resources in terms of nutritionalvalue.Öğe Effect of cluster drop intensity on nut traits, biochemical properties, and fatty acids composition in the 'cakildak' hazelnut cultivar(Springer, 2022) Karakaya, Orhan; Yaman, İzzet; Kırkaya, Hüseyin; Uzun, Serkan; Kaya, Tuncay; Balta, Mehmet FikretThis study was conducted to determine the effect of cluster drop intensity (CDI) on nut traits, biochemical properties, and fatty acids composition in the 'cakildak' hazelnut cultivar. Many nut traits, biochemical properties, and fatty acids composition were affected by CDI. Depending on the increase in CDI, nut weight, kernel weight, nut size, kernel size, total phenolic, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity increased. Nut weight, kernel weight, and kernel ratio were determined from 2.00 (low) to 2.31 g (high), 1.09 (low and intermediate) to 1.25 g (high), and 53.34 (intermediate) to 54.27 (low), respectively. The highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (3675 mg per 100 g, 37.3 mg per 100 g, and 5.14 mmol per 100 g, respectively) were detected in high CDI, while the lowest (1947 mg per 100 g, 17.5 mg per 100 g, and 2.01 mmol per 100 g, respectively) were determined in low CDI. The effects of CDI on fatty acids composition were different. Oleic acid ranged from 82.46 (low) to 84.06% (intermediate), while linoleic acid was determined between 6.77 (high) and 8.78% (low). According to principal component analysis, many of the traits investigated were associated with high CDI, except nut length, kernel length, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In conclusion, it was determined that bioactive compounds and fatty acids composition are significantly affected depending on CDI. Also, the findings of this study showed the potential consequences of the coming hazards of global warming on hazelnuts and will be helpful for future studies.Öğe Physicochemical substances and bioactive components of wild Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits in Erzincan province of eastern Turkey(Serbian Genetic Society, 2023) Özrenk, Koray; Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Keskin, Nurhan; Ercişli, SezaiTurkey has a very rich flora due to diverse climatic and topographic conditions within the country. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is an important wild edible fruits and widely distributed in Turkey and well known for its fruit antioxidants and nutrients. In this study, phytochemical content in fruits of a number of Cornelian cherry genotypes in Erzincan region were determined. The biochemical analysis included organic acids, sugars, vitamin C, antioxidant and individual phenolic compounds. In the study, organic acid content was between 253.09 mg/100 g and 112.50 mg/100 g. Vitamin C content varied between 115.85 mg/100g and 43.77 mg/100 g. Likewise, the sugar content of Cornelian cherry fruits varied from 6.17 g/100 g to 4.06 g/100 g. When the antioxidant content was examined, the highest antioxidant was 980.91 limol TE/g fresh weight (FW) base and the lowest was 490.38 limol TE/g FW. In the genotypes examined, gallic acid was determined as the highest among the individual phenolic compounds, while the individual phenolic amounts ranged from 38.93 mg/100 g FW to 4.31 mg/100 g FW. As a result of the study, it was determined that Cornelian cherry fruits are very rich in vitamin C and other phytochemicals and as a result of this examination, 24ER04 and 24ER08 genotypes came to the fore.Öğe Evaluation of biochemical changes and quality in peach fruit: Effect of putrescine treatments and storage(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2021) Kibar, Hakan; Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, MüttalipThe effects of putrescine (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mM) on quality and bioactive compounds of peach fruit (cv. Monley) are the focus of this study. Fruits were stored at 0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 90 +/- 5% relative humidity for 40 days. In the controls, increases in weight loss, decay and soluble solids concentration, and decreases in fruit density, firmness, titratable acidity, pH, respiration rate and L*, a*, b*, C* and H degrees detected higly throughout storage period. All these properties examined were delayed importantly after putrescine treatments. It was observed that the phenolics, vitamin C and organic acid contents of fruits in general decreased during storage. All doses of putrescine prevented the breakdown of phenolic compounds more than the control group. The least changes in chlorogenic acid (9.26 mg 100g-1) and rutin (5.74 mg 100g-1) contents on the 40th day were obtained in 1.6 mM. Malic acid, which is the dominant organic acid of fruits, was determined as 6.73 and 8.61 g kg-1 in the treatments of 1.2-1.6 mM putrescine on the 40th day, respectively. It was noted that 1.6 mM (12.90 mg 100g-1) application prevented the breakdown of vitamin C more than the control group (6.10 mg 100g-1).Öğe Pathways to adolescents' health: Chronotype, bedtime, sleep quality and mental health(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2021) Kesgin, Makbule Tokur; Tanyer, Deniz KoçoğluThe strong relationship between sleep and health is defined in the literature. While the need for sleep increases in adolescence with the effect of physiological and hormonal changes, the studies have highlighted the serious sleeping problems of adolescents compared to childhood and adulthood. This study aimed to examine the relationship between chronotype, bedtime, sleep quality and mental health among adolescents. This research was a descriptive-relational study. A total of 1083 students constituted the group of the research. The data were collected through the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and General Health Questionnaire and a questionnaire consisting of some questions about sleep. In the evaluation of data, multiple regression, mediation and path analysis were performed. Age, having problems affecting sleep, difficulties falling asleep, sharing the room with someone else and lack of leisure activities were related to bedtime. It was found that determinants of sleep quality were the variables related to sleep itself. Being a male student, having problems affecting sleep, difficulties falling at sleep, waking up during the night, getting support in the morning for waking up and lack of leisure activities negatively affected mental health. MEQ scale was interpreted as a determinant of sleep time, sleep quality, and mental health level. Although the MEQ score directly affected sleep quality, bedtime had a partial mediation role between MEQ score and sleep quality. Sleep quality had a full mediation role between MEQ score and mental health score. School health workers, especially nurses, should consider chronotype-focused measures to improve adolescents' sleep quality and psychosocial health.Öğe Fruit quality properties of the local apple varieties of Anatolia(MDPI, 2021) Macit, İdris; Aydın, Erol; Taş, Akgül; Gündoğdu, MüttalipThe importance of biochemical content of fruits in human health and nutrition is understood more and more day by day. In this study, new local varieties were added to apple genetic resources and the correlation between biochemical contents and agro-morphological properties of fruits belonging to them was revealed. It was observed that the total phenolics amount varied between 20.13 (Bag) mg GAE kg(-1) and 80.59 (Yesil) mg GAE kg(-1). The highest total antioxidant capacity was determined as 90.96% in Yesil variety. Potassium (K) content, which is among the macronutrients, was determined as the highest value in Bag variety (7993.31 mg kg(-1)) and in Zuza variety (7983.31 mg kg(-1)). It was determined that the Fe content (iron) varied between as 14.17 mg kg(-1) (Zuza) and 5.75 mg kg(-1) (Bag) and was higher than other micronutrients. In the light of the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that fruits belonging to new local apple varieties are rich in biochemical contents and these varieties can be used as genetic resources in plant breeding studies.Öğe Influence of pre-harvest gibberellic acid and post-harvest 1-methyl cyclopropane treatments on phenolic compounds, vitamin c and organic acid contents during the shelf life of strawberry fruits(Mdpi, 2021) Taş, Akgül; Berk, Selma Kuru; Orman, Erdal; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Ercişli, Sezai; Karataş, Neva; Jurikova, TundeIn recent years, significant portions of the fresh fruits and vegetables produced worldwide have been decaying before reaching the consumer because of insufficient preservation after harvest. In this direction, we carried the study out to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and 1-methyl cyclopropane (1-MCP) applications on phenolic compounds and organic acid contents of the strawberry fruits (cv. Albion) during shelf-life. Gibberellic acid treatments, which prepared in two different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm), were performed by spraying the leaves before harvest. 1-methyl cyclopropane applied after harvest. The results of the study showed a greater decrease in organic acids (except oxalic and succinic acid) in Gibberellic acid-applied fruits during shelf-life. Citric acid was recorded as the most abundant organic acid in the control group. In phenolic compounds, gallic acid (15.22 mg 100 g(-1)) and ellagic acid (9.38 mg 100 g(-1)) were recorded as the highest phenolic compounds on the third day. 1-MCP and GA(3) (50 ppm) + 1-MCP treatment reduced the breakdown of vitamin C during the shelf-life of strawberry fruits compared to the control group. As a result, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and organic acids decreased during the shelf-life, and 1-MCP applications slowed down the breakdown of these compounds.Öğe Role of maturity stages on phenolic compounds and organic acids contents in red currant fruits(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Berk, Selma; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Tuna, Selma; Taş, AkgülThe aim of this research was to determine the changes in the organic acids and phenolic compounds in fruits of red currant due to maturity. It was harvested two cultivars (Red Lake and Rovada cv.) during four different maturity stages (green color, veraison, pink color, and red color) in red currant orchard in Bolu province. In red currant fruits 12 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric, rutin, phloridzin, and quercetin), 6 organic acids (malic, succinic, citric, fumaric, tartaric, and oxalic acid), and vitamin C were determined depending on maturity. All ripening times were found to be rich in catechin and rutin. It was determined that the contents of vanillic acid, ferulic acid, routine, phloridzin, and quercetin increased with maturation. In the study, the highest organic acids contents were determined at green stages. The content of vitamin C varied depending on the ripening. The results suggest that red currant fruits were richest in organic acids and phenolic compounds in red maturity period.Öğe Agro-morphological and biochemical characterization of wild prunus spinosa l. subsp. dasyphylla (schur) domin genotypes naturally grown in western black sea region of Turkey(Mdpi, 2020) Berk, Selma Kuru; Taş, Akgül; Orman, Erdal; Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Necas, Tomas; Ondrasek, Ivo; Karataş, NevaIn this study, agro-morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of 23 plum genotypes belonging to Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin growing wild in the West Black Sea Region in Turkey were investigated. Agro-morphological, sensory and biochemical properties of genotypes were highly different from each other. Principal component analysis was performed to determine the correlation between these properties and genotypes. The variation in the study was determined to be 63.5% in agro-morphological properties, 53.8% in organic acids and 46% in phenolic compounds. In terms of fruit weight, 14BLM08 genotype (38.42 g) was determined to be superior to other genotypes. The fruit firmness value, which is important in the storage of fruits, was recorded as the highest in the 14BLM14 genotype (9.07 kg/cm(2)). Chlorogenic acid was higher than the other phenolic compounds and the highest value was obtained in the 14BLM20 (11.45 mg/kg) genotype. It was recorded that the value of malic acid, which is the major organic acid of the plums, varied between 269.65-1294.64 mg/100 g. Genotypes showed diverse vitamin C content, and the highest value was found in the 14BLM18 genotype as 54.42 mg/100g. Each genotype showed superiority according to the type of traits, and thus breeders may have used these genotypes as the superior ones for specific plum breeding purposes. In addition, these genotypes could be satisfactorily used in domestication.Öğe Nut characteristics of ‘Fosa’ and ‘Kargalak’ hazelnuts related to number of nuts per cluster(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2018) Balta, Mehmet Fikret; Balta, Fikri; Yarılgaç, Tarık; Karakaya, Orhan; Uzun, Serkan; Kırkaya, HüseyinThis research was conducted to determine nut dimensions change as a function of number of nuts cluster-1 (one, two, or three) in ‘Foşa’ and ‘Kargalak’ hazelnuts grown in Sakarya and Trabzon districts in Turkey in 2016. Randomized block designs with three replications were used. Nine ocaks were used for each cultivar, for a total of 18 ocaks in total. The nut traits investigated were nut weight, nut length, nut width, nut depth, shell thickness, kernel percentage, kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, kernel depth, and diameter of the central cavity. The results showed that nut weight, kernel weight, kernel percentage and shell thickness in both ‘Foşa’ and ‘Kargalak’ decreased as the number of nuts cluster-1 increased. Further, nut and kernel dimensions in both cultivars decreased as the number of nuts cluster-1 increased. © 2018 International Society for Horticultural Science. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Determination of effect of gibberellic acid treatments on the fruit quality of strawberry cv. Seascape(2017) Gündoğdu, Müttalip; Berk, Selma Kuru; Canan, İhsan; Koçoğlu, Selma Tuna; Çelik, Ferit; Taş, AkgülIn the study, the effect of gibberellic acid treatments on fruit quality of strawberry cv. Seascape grown in Bolu ecological conditions was examined. The fruit quality parameters were identified under the application of two concentration of GA3 (50 ppm and 100 ppm). It was determined that the values of SSC, pH, TA and fruit hardness were not statistically affected by both GA3 applications. The highest values related fruit weight and size were obtained at 50 ppm GA3 application. The SCC and firmness values were determined as 6.67 brix° and 1.31 kg/cm2 in 100 ppm concentration, respectively. The fruits treated with 50 ppm GA3 had lower pH than those treated 100 ppm GA3 and control. In addition, the highest fruit weight (46.01 g) and fruit acidity (1.11%) were obtained at the application of 50 ppm GA3. It was also found that the GA3 application did not cause a significant change in the flavor, taste and juice values.
