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Öğe Assessment of biocontrol potential of different Steinernema species and their bacterial symbionts, Xenorhabdus species against larvae of almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Yüksel, Ebubekir; Ormanoğlu, Nesrin; İmren, Mustafa; Canhilal, RamazanThe almond moth, Ephestia cautella is a serious pest of stored food commodities including dried figs, dates, raisins, cocoa beans. The control of E. cautella infestations in storage that mostly relies on toxic insecticides or fumigants has caused emergence of resistant pest populations as well as residues on the commodities. Ento-mopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their endosymbionts are one of the emerging approaches in eco-friendly pest management and pose no health risk to humans and the environment. Therefore, here we evaluated the toxicity of different EPN species (Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, and S. bicornotum) and their endosymbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila, X. bovienii, and X. budapestensis) on the 3rd and 4th instars larvae of E. cautella under controlled conditions. The IJs of EPNs were applied to concrete arenas in Petri dishes at three concen-trations (50, 100, and 200 IJs/cm2). Oral and contact toxicity of the cell-free supernatants and cell suspension of symbiotic bacteria (4x107 cells/mL) were tested against both larval instars of E. cautella. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae induced mortalities over 80% at their lowest concentrations against both larval instars after 24 h of application. Oral and contact treatments of cell-free supernatants and cell suspensions were lethal for both larval instars; however, higher mortalities were generally obtained from direct exposure of larvae to cell-free super-natants and cell suspensions. The contact treatment of X. nematophila exhibited the highest virulence, causing 70 and 82.5% mortalities in 3rd and 4th instar larvae after 72 h of application, respectively. The anti-feedant ac-tivity of cell-free supernatants and cell suspensions was also observed in both instars in oral treatments. The findings of this study suggest that EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have enormous potential for the eco-friendly control of E. cautella.Öğe Assessment of the natural presence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Kayseri soils, Turkey(Springer, 2017) Canhilal, Ramazan; Waeyenberge, Lieven; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Koca, Abdurrahman Sami; Deniz, Yunus; İmren, MustafaEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have lots of ideal attributes as biological control agents, such as a wide host range, rapid host mortality, ease of commercial production in vivo or in vitro, active host-seeking ability, long-term efficacy, easy application, compatible with many chemical pesticides and environmental safety. In the present study, 61 EPNs isolates from 174 soil samples were collected for the districts of Kayseri Province and from 5 different habitats (Forest, pasture, field crops, vegetable, and fruit orchards). The positive soil samples ratio was (35.1%). Forty-seven of isolates were Steinernema with the ratio of (27%). Prevalence of Heterorhabditis was (8%) (14 isolates). Nematodes were identified by morphometric and molecular methods. Forty-one of these isolates, were identified as Steinernema feltiae. Two isolates were S. carpocapsae, one was S. bicornutum, 6 were unknown Steinernema spp., and 14 were Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Of these nematodes, S. bicornutum was a first record in Turkey. The soil textures of the EPN positive soils were loam, sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam with weakly basic (pH 7.57-7.91) and 1.15-3.06% organic content. The electrical conductivity of the nematode positive soils varied from 0.19 to 0.79 (none saline) dS/m.Öğe Azadirachtin ve Spinosadın Bazı Yerel Entomoapatojen Nematod İzolatlarının Canlılığıve Virülensliği Üzerine Etkileri(2019) Yüksel, Ebubekir; Imren, Mustafa; Canhilal, RamazanEntomopatojen nematodlar (EPN), biyoloijk mücadele uygulamaları içerisinde çoğu zaman biyopestisitlerle birlikte kullanılmaktadır. Biyopestisitlerin EPN’lar üzerindeki toksik etkilerinin belirlenmesi, bu uygulamalardan istenilen başarının elde edilebilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada yaygın birşekilde kullanılan Nimiks (40 g L-1 Azadirachtin) ve Laser (Spinosad 480 gL-1) biyopestisitlerinin bazı yerel EPN türlerinin (Steinernema feltiaeE-76, Heterorhabditis indica216-H, S. littoraleMGZ-4-S) hayatta kalma ve virülensliği üzerindeki etkileri 24 ve 48 saatlik periyotlarda son dönem Galleria mellonellalarvaları üzerinde laboratuvar koşullarında (25oC±2, R.H. %65±5) araştırılmıştır. Spinosad ve Azadirachtinin tavsiye edilen en yüksek uygulama dozlarına doğrudan maruz kalan EPN türleri içerisinde ilk 24 saatlik periyotta en tolerant türün %94 canlılık oranıyla H.indica216-H olduğu belirlenmiştir. Steinernema littoraleMGZ-4-S izolatının Azadirachtine 24 ve 48 saat periyotlarda sırasıyla %11 ve %12 ölüm oranlarıyla en çok duyarlılık gösteren tür olmuştur. Test edilen EPN türlerinin son dönem G. mellonellalarvaları üzerinde meydana getirdikleri ölüm oranları %80 ile %100 arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, test edilen EPN türlerinin Spinosad ve Azadirachtin ile laboratuvar şartlarında uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir.Öğe Characterization of cereal cyst nematodes in wheat using morphometrics, SCAR markers, RFLP, and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses(Springer, 2023) Dağlı, Deniz; Duman, Nagihan; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Yıldız, Şenol; Özer, Göksel; Dababat, Abdelfattah; İmren,MustafaIn this study, morphological and molecular characterizations of twenty-four Heterodera populations (cereal cyst nematodes, CCNs) collected from wheat production fields in Turkey were carried out. Light microscopy, species-specific markers, RFLP, and ITS sequencing were used to identify the nematode populations. The obtained CCN populations were identified as Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons according to the morphometric analysis, which was confirmed by the molecular techniques. The ITS region sequencing analysis confirmed the species identification, and phylogenetic analysis of this region grouped the populations with representative Heterodera populations from different origin countries deposited in GenBank. The simulation of four restriction enzymes, Alul, PstI, BsuRI (HaeIII), and Rsal, employed the ITS sequences of isolates to discriminate the Turkish Heterodera populations. ITS-RFLP patterns produced by endonuclease enzymes provided variations among Heterodera species. There was no intraspecific variation in populations of each Heterodera species in the ITS-RFLP analyses. The species-specific primers, AvenF-COI/AvenR-COI, HfF/HfR, and H-LatF/H-LatR, yielded 109 bp, 646 bp, and 204 bp products for H. avenae, H. filipjevi, and H. latipons populations, respectively. This is the first research to provide conclusive diagnostic tests for cyst nematode populations isolated from Turkey. These assays provide a sensitive, practical, and quick method for detecting Heterodera species and, therefore, have the potential to be utilized in the early identification of populations and monitoring of infestations without morphometric studies.Öğe Corrigendum to “Potential of four Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against three major stored products insect pests” [J. Stored Prod. Res. 83 (September 2019) 317–321] (Journal of Stored Products Research (2019) 83 (317–321), (S0022474X19302826), (10.1016/j.jspr.2019.08.003))(Elsevier, 2021) Yüksel, Ebubekir; Canhilal, Ramazan; İmren, MustafaThe authors regret that the following statement was not added inadvertently to the footnote of the original manuscript when published online. < This article was produced from a master thesis carried out in 2017>. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.Öğe Diversity and identification of plant-parasitic nematodes in wheat-growing ecosystems(MDPI, 2022) Keçici, Ayça İrem; Bozbuğa, Refik; Öcal, Atilla; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Özer, Göksel; Yıldız, Şenol; İmren, MustafaSeveral nematode species can be found in different densities in almost any soil ecosystem, and their diversity in those ecosystems depends on numerous reasons, such as climatic conditions and host presence. Cereals are one of the main hosts of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN), chiefly root-lesion nematodes (RLN, Pratylenchus spp.) and cereal cyst nematodes (CCN, Heterodera spp.). These nematodes are known as major parasites of the cereal crops; however, agricultural areas accommodate various nematodes showing biological variation. The diversity of parasitic nematodes on cereals in the Sakarya provinces of Turkiye, where cereals are intensively grown and located in the middle of two climatic zones, has not been well studied. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the diversity, identification, and molecular phylogeny of PPNs in wheat-growing ecosystems in the Hendek, Pamukova, Geyve, Akyazi, and Central districts of Sakarya. The diversity of PPNs was calculated using the Shannon diversity index. Thirteen PPN genera were detected in 92% of soil samples. Heterodera filipjevi was identified in 24% of the soil samples using morphological, morphometrical, and molecular tools. In the morphological and molecular analyses, intraspecific polymorphism was observed in H. filipjevi populations. The result indicated that the high infestation rate of H. filipjevi was recorded from Geyve and Pamukova, followed by Hendek and Akyazi; however, a low infestation rate was detected in the Central district. The moderate value of the Shannon index of migratory nematode species was obtained in wheat fields as 2.31, whereas the value of evenness was 0.93, implying moderate diversity and high evenness of nematodes. This study is the first comprehensive report on H. filipjevi from wheat cropping areas in the Sakarya province. Intensified cereal cropping systems with/without non-cereal rotations increased the risk of plant-parasitic nematodes, especially RLNs and H. filipjevi infection of wheat production areas in the province.Öğe Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes against common wireworm species in potato cultivation(MDPI, 2023) Askar, Arife Gümüş; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Bozbuğa, Refik; Öcal, Atilla; Kütük, Halil; İmren, MustafaWireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are common insect pests that attack a wide range of economically important crops including potatoes. The control of wireworms is of prime importance in potato production due to the potential damage of the larvae to tuber quantity and quality. Chemical insecticides, the main control strategy against wireworms, generally fail to provide satisfactory control due to the lack of available chemicals and the soil-dwelling habits of the larvae. In the last decades, new eco-friendly concepts have emerged in the sustainable control of wireworms, one of which is entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). EPNs are soil-inhabitant organisms and represent an ecological approach to controlling a great variety of soil-dwelling insect pests. In this study, the susceptibility of Agriotes sputator Linnaeus and A. rufipalpis Brulle larvae, the most common wireworm species in potato cultivation in Turkiye, to native EPN strains [Steinernema carpocapsae (Sc_BL22), S. feltiae (Sf_BL24 and Sf_KAY4), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb_KAY10 and Hb_AF12)] were evaluated at two temperatures (25 and 30 degrees C) in pot experiments. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hb_AF12 was the most effective strain at 30 degrees C six days post-inoculation and caused 37.5% mortality to A. rufipalpis larvae. Agriotes sputator larvae were more susceptible to tested EPNs at the same exposure time, and 50% mortality was achieved by two EPNs species, Hb_AF12 and Sc_BL22. All EPN species/strains induced mortality over 70% to both wireworm species at both temperatures at 100 IJs/cm(2), 18 days post-treatment. The results suggest that tested EPN species/strains have great potential in the control of A. sputator and A. rufipalpis larvae.Öğe Identification and biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes and their endosymbiotic bacteria in apple orchards against the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae)(MDPI, 2022) Gümüşsoy, Asım; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Özer, Göksel; İmren, Mustafa; Canhilal, Ramazan; Amer, Mohammed; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major pests in pome fruit production worldwide. Heavy treatment of the larvae of C. pomonella with insecticides triggered the development of resistance to many groups of insecticides. In addition, the increasing concern about the adverse effects of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment has led to the development of sustainable and eco-friendly control practices for C. pomonella. The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.) and their endosymbionts (Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp.) represent a newly emerging approach to controlling a wide range of insect pests. In the present study, field surveys were conducted in apple orchards to isolate and identify EPNs and their endosymbionts and evaluate their insecticidal efficacy on the larvae of C. pomonella. EPNs were isolated from 12 of 100 soil samples (12%). Seven samples were identified as Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), whereas five samples were assigned to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). The pathogenicity of the EPN species/isolates was screened on the last instar larvae of G. mellonella. The two most pathogenic isolates from each EPN species were tested against fifth instar larvae of C. pomonella under controlled conditions. The maximum mortality (100%) was achieved by all EPN species/isolates at a concentration of 100 IJs/larva 96 h after treatment. The endosymbionts of selected H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae species were identified as Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii and Xenorhabdus bovienii, respectively. The mortality rates ranged between 25 and 62% when the fifth larval instar larvae of C. pomonella were exposed to the treatment of cell-free supernatants of symbiotic bacteria. In essence, the present survey indicated that EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria have good potential for biological control of C. pomonellaÖğe Identification and control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in potato-growing areas of Turkey(Springer, 2022) Askar, Arife Gümüş; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Öcal, Atilla; Özer, Göksel; Kütük, Halil; İmren, MustafaThe black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the major pests of potato, and its outbreaks frequently occur in potato-growing areas of Turkey. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are known as an important biocontrol agent to many insects including BCW. In 2020 and 2021, surveys of EPNs were conducted in major potato-growing areas of seven provinces of Turkey, including Afyonkarahisar, Konya, Izmir, Sivas, Bolu, Kayseri, and Nigde, in the sake to find a new sustainable biological control option for BCW. Out of the 400 collected soil samples, 48 samples (12%) consisted of EPNs. Based on the morphological, morphometric, and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 34 isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), 13 isolates as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), 1 one isolate as Oscheius tipulae Lam and Webster, 1971 (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae). The virulence of EPN isolates was assessed on the larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and the most pathogenic isolates were further tested for their biocontrol potential against the 3rd/4th larval instar of BCW larvae at two concentrations of 50 and 100 IJs/cm(2) under laboratory conditions. All selected isolates were highly effective against the larvae of BCW, and larval mortality ranged between 70 and 100% for both concentrations after 3 days of exposure time. The maximum mortality (100%) was achieved only by two isolates (H. bacteriophora AF-12 and S. feltiae KAY-4) at the higher concentration of 100 IJs/cm(2). The results indicate that EPNs are abundantly present in potato-growing areas of Turkey and have the potential to be used in the biocontrol of BCW. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of Oscheius tipulae in Turkey.Öğe Incidence and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with wheat-cropping systems in the inner part of the Aegean Region of Turkey(Brill, 2023) Duman, Nagihan; Yıldız, Şenol; İmren, Mustafa; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Öcal, Atilla; Dinçer, DilekPlant-parasitic nematodes are among the most influential soil organisms worldwide and have a detrimental impact on wheat productivity; they also play a major role in maintaining soil diversity. However, limited information is available on the biodiversity of nematodes associated with wheat cropping systems in Turkey. To address this knowledge gap, 45 wheat fields in the Afyonkarahisar Province of Turkey were sampled in 2021 in order to extract and identify nematodes. A total of 14 genera and 44 species of these nematodes were identified based on their physical traits and ITS DNA sequences examination. Shannon diversity index was used to determine the prevalence and biodiversity features of these nematodes. This study represents the first comprehensive research on plant parasitic nematodes from wheat-growing regions in the Afyonkarahisar Province. The genera Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Merlinius, Pratylenchoides and Pratylenchus dominated with a high relative abundance percentage >60%, and were extremely common (>90% for each). The average Shannon index of nematode species in the wheat fields was 2.20, with an evenness value of 0.81, indicating moderate diversification and good nematode evenness. This study also revealed a significant correlation between nematode genus biodiversity and edaphic, climatic and geographical factors. Finally, this research demonstrated a remarkable diversity of soil nematodes associated with wheat crops and they have the potential to be useful tools for extensive soil bio-study.Öğe Insecticidal effect of entomopathogenic nematodes and the cell-free supernatants from their symbiotic bacteria against different larval instars of Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)(Springer, 2022) Yüksel, Ebubekir; İmren, Mustafa; Özdemir, Esengül; Bozbuğa, Refik; Canhilal, RamazanBackground Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) and their symbiotic bacteria are pathogenic for a wide range of insect pests and have been used successfully as a biological control agent. Although EPNs are well studied against many agricultural insect pests, the efficacy of their symbiotic bacteria still remains unclear for many insect pests of agricultural importance. In the present study, the virulence of native EPN isolates and their cell-free supernatants of symbiotic bacteria were tested against the 3rd and 4th larval instars of Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions (25 +/- 1 degrees C and R.H. 60%). Results The 4th instar larvae were more susceptible to infective juveniles (IJs) and mortalities over (95%) were achieved by all tested EPN isolates at the concentration of 100 IJs/cm(2) after 72 hrs of exposure. The cell-free supernatants were more effective against the 3rd instar larvae and the highest mortalities were recorded as 42 and 60% in the contact and leaf disc bioassays, respectively. Conclusion The results indicated that the cell-free supernatants can be an ideal application for young larval stages of A. segetum. However, further studies are required to test the effectiveness of both EPNs and the cell-free supernatants of their symbiotic bacteria in field conditions.Öğe Molecular identification and biodiversity of wireworm species, Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in major potato cultivated areas of Turkiye(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2023) Askar, Arife Gümüş; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Dinçer, Dilek; Özer, Göksel; İmren, Mustafa; Canhilal, Ramazan; Kütük, HalilWireworms, Agriotes spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are among the most harmful soil-borne insect pests and significantly reduce potato yields under heavy infestations. The presence of wireworm species on potatoes in potato growing areas is not fully known in the provinces of Turkiye. Therefore, this research aimed to identify wireworms molecularly and evaluate their biodiversity in potato growing ecosystems. Here, the first extensive field survey was carried out in Turkiye's principal potato-growing regions in 2019 and 2020 (Afyon, Bolu, Izmir, Kayseri, Konya, Nigde, and Sivas). Species identification of wireworms was performed using DNA barcoding approach based on the fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Samples were collected from 400 potato fields, and 510 larval specimens were obtained. The presence of wireworms was confirmed for Afyon, Bolu, Kayseri, Konya, and Sivas provinces, with an average prevalence of 13.5%, while no positive samples were recovered from Nigde and Izmir. Agriotes sputator (L.,1758) (Coleoptera: Elateridae) was the most prevalent species in surveyed areas. The Shannon index of wireworm species was found to be as 0.59, which implies a low degree of biodiversity of wireworms in potato fields.Öğe Nematode-citrus plant interactions: host preference, damage rate and molecular characterization of Citrus root nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans(Wiley, 2023) Bozbuğa, Refik; Yıldız, Şenol; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Özer, Göksel; Dababat, Abdelfattah A; İmren, MustafaCenter dot Citrus plants are host to several plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which are microscopic organisms. Among PPNs, the citrus root nematode, T. semipenetrans (Cobb 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae), causes significant damage to citrus plantations worldwide. Understanding citrus nematode populations, precise identification, host preference among citrus species, and damage threshold are crucial to control T. semipenetrans. The minutiae of citrus plant-nematode interactions, nematode density and molecular nematode identification are not well understood. In this study, nematode species and density in citrus orchards, host specialization, molecular and morphological characteristics of nematodes were assessed. center dot Molecular and morphological methods, host- nematode interactions, host (citrus species) preference, damage economic threshold (ET), and economic injury level (EIL) were determined using laboratory methods and field sampling. Citrus plantations in different provinces in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were investigated. center dot Nematode species were identified molecularly and morphologically. ITS sequences revealed that samples were infected by citrus root nematode T. semipenetrans. The lowest nematode density was in C. reticulata in Mersin (53 2nd stage juveniles (J2s) 100 g(-1) soil), while the highest density was from Hatay in C. sinensis (12173 J2s 100 g(-1) soil). Highest citrus nematode population density was on roots of C. reticulata, followed by C. sinensis, C. limon, and C. paradisi. center dot The citrus nematode is more common than was thought and population fluctuations change according to specific citrus species. Environmental conditions, host and ecological factors, such as temperature, soil pH, and soil nutrients, might influence nematode populations in citrus orchards. Investigating nematode density in diverse soil ecologies and the responses of different resistant/tolerant citrus species and cultivars to nematode populations is essential in future studies.Öğe Occurrence, identification, and diversity of parasitic nematodes in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkiye(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yüksel, Ebubekir; İmren, Mustafa; Özer, Göksel; Bozbuğa, Refik; Dababat, Abdelfattah A. A; Canhilal, RamazanRoot lesion nematodes (RLNs) (Pratylenchus spp.) are one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and are considered one of the leading causative agents of apple diseases that severely decrease yield and quality in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards. Occurrence, identification, and diversity of PPNs in apple orchards in central Anatolia region of Turkiye have not been well understood. Therefore, in this study, a field survey was conducted in this region to reveal the occurrence, distribution, and diversity of mainly RLNs. The primary analysis of soil and root samples based on morphology revealed that 8 PPN species were present in sampled areas, the most prevalent of which was RLNs. As a result of morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies, a total of 5 species of RLNs [Pratylenchus crenatus Loof, 1960; Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1941; Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1941; Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 and Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951] were identified. Phylogenetic analysis with the D2-D3 domain of LSU-rDNA sequences further confirmed the identification. The results indicated that P. thornei was the predominant species in surveyed areas, followed by P. neglectus. The results confirmed the host status of apples for RLNs and demonstrated that RLNs were the most threatening PPNs in the surveyed apple orchards. The necessity of determining the damage caused by plant parasitic nematodes to apple production emerges as an important factor to be done as a future study.Öğe Phytopathogenic nematodes associated with olive trees (Olea europaea L.) in North Africa: Current status and management prospects(Springer, 2023) Laasli, Salah Eddine; Mokrini, Fouad; Dababat, Abdelfattah Amer; Yüksel, Ebubekir; İmren, Mustafa; Amiri, SaidThe olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a significantly important crop in an ecological, economic, and cultural manner, particularly in North Africa. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are dangerous soilborne pathogens, particularly in olive nurseries, contributing to annual economic and yield losses. However, the impact of these nematodes on olive orchards and nurseries has been documented in only a few countries. This review aims to provide (1) an update on the current status of PPNs associated with olive trees in North African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya). (2) Reviewing their current diversity in different taxonomic levels and highlighting the frequencies of different taxa causing damage to olive trees, (3) describing their role as root and soil health bioindicators via potential affiliation with edaphic properties, and (4) listing current management strategies against PPNs in olives with a focus on integrated biocontrol methods. Dedicating more research topics to the nematode communities associated with olive trees is extremely important for assuring better management to reach cropping yield sustainability.Öğe Potential of four Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against three major stored products insect pests(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Yüksel, Ebubekir; Canhilal, Ramazan; İmren, MustafaThe insecticidal effect of native entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) isolates (Steinernema feltiae UTP-5 isolate, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora UMK-7 isolate, S. feltiae DDKY-11 isolate and H. bacteriophora AVB-15 isolate) recovered from the Cappadocia Region of Turkey were investigated on the adults of S. granarius and R. dominica and the larvae of E. kuehniella at different temperatures (15 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C) and concentrations (250, 500 and 1000 IJs/adult for S. granarius and R. dominica; 10, 50 and 100 IJs/larvae for E. kuehniella) under controlled conditions. Insect mortality was recorded after 4th, 6th and 8th day of exposure time for S. granarius and R. dominica, and 2nd and 4th day for E. kuehniella. The results showed that the efficacy of the isolates at 25 degrees C was generally higher than the ones at 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Steinernema feltiae DDKB-17 isolate caused the highest mortality (86%) against S. granarius adults at all temperatures tested. The virulence of the tested isolates on R. dominica adults did not exceed 44% at all temperatures and concentrations tested. UMK-7 and AVB-15 isolates were the most virulent isolates against E. kuehniella larvae with a mortality rate of 100%. Based on the results obtained from the laboratory tests, it appeared that the isolates tested have a good potential for the management of S. granarius, R. dominica and E. kuehniella. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Potential of four Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against three major stored products insect pests (vol 83, pg 317, 2019)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Yüksel, Ebubekir; Canhilal, Ramazan; İmren, MustafaDüzeltme “Potential of four Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against three major stored products insect pests”Öğe The Role of Storage Duration and Conditions on the Survival and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes(2023) Akı, Onur; Yüksel, Ebubekir; Imren, Mustafa; Bozbuğa, Refik; Canhilal, RamazanEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) are effective biocontrol agents for many insect pests and are generally stored for a period of time prior to their use in the laboratory or field. However, unfavorable storage conditions have a great impact on the survival and infectivity of EPNs. This study was conducted to determine the optimum storage conditions of infective juveniles (IJs) of four native EPN species (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora FLH-4H, H. indica 216-H, Steinernema feltiae KCS-S, and S. bicornotum MGZ-4S) under laboratory conditions. The survival capability of the IJs was tested at different concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 IJs), temperatures (9 and 25 °C) and storage media [double-distilled water (ddH2O), tap water, and sterile Ringer solution]. In general, the survival of IJs of tested EPN species was the highest at the 1st month after treatment (MAT) at the concentrations of 1000 and 1500 IJs and gradually decreased with the increasing storage periods. The survival rates of the IJs of Steirnematids were generally higher than Heterorhabditid species. The highest survival of IJs was generally obtained after 1-month storage in Ringer solution at 9°C while tap water led to poor survival for the IJs at both temperatures tested. The IJs that were stored at 9°C induced higher mortalities on the larvae of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The results showed that the IJs of tested EPN species can remain viable for a longer period of time in Ringer solution at 1000 and 1500 IJs concentrations at 9°C without losing much of their infectivity.Öğe Xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria as potential candidates for the control of culex pipiens l. (diptera: culicidae), the principal vector of west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis(MDPI, 2023) Yüksel, Ebubekir; Yıldırım, Alparslan; İmren, Mustafa; Canhilal, Ramazan; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.Vector-borne diseases pose a severe threat to human and animal health. Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a widespread mosquito species and serves as a vector for the transmission of infectious diseases such as West Nile disease and Lymphatic Filariasis. Synthetic insecticides have been the prime control method for many years to suppress Cx. pipiens populations. However, recently, the use of insecticides has begun to be questioned due to the detrimental impact on human health and the natural environment. Therefore, many authorities urge the development of eco-friendly control methods that are nontoxic to humans. The bacterial associates [Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae)] of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Sterinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) are one of the green approaches to combat a variety of insect pests. In the present study, the mosquitocidal activity of the cell-free supernatants and cell suspension (4 x 10(7) cells mL(-1)) of four different symbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila, X. bovienii, X. budapestensis, and P. luminescens subsp. kayaii) was assessed against different development stages of Cx. pipiens (The 1st/2nd and 3rd/4th instar larvae and pupa) under laboratory conditions. The bacterial symbionts were able to kill all the development stages with varying levels of mortality. The 1st/2nd instar larvae exhibited the highest susceptibility to the cell-free supernatants and cell suspensions of symbiotic bacteria and the efficacy of the cell-free supernatants and cell suspensions gradually declined with increasing phases of growth. The highest effectiveness was achieved by the X. bovienii KCS-4S strain inducing 95% mortality to the 1st/2nd instar larvae. The results indicate that tested bacterial symbionts have great potential as an eco-friendly alternative to insecticides.
