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    Comparison of the Effects of Digoxin and Bevacizumab on Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Rat Model
    (Gazi Eye Foundation, 2023) Balbaba, Mehmet; Guler, Seda Duran; Ulas, Fatih; Canleblebici, Mehmet; Yıldırım, Hakan; İncili, Canan Akdeniz
    Purpose: To evaluate the effect of digoxin on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and compare the results with bevacizumab treatment. Methods: Twenty-eight newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group, normoxia+intraperitoneal (ip) normal saline (NS); OIR group, OIR+ip NS; OIR+digoxin group, OIR+ip 0.1 mg/kg of digoxin; and OIR+bevacizumab group, OIR+ip 2.5 mg/kg of bevacizumab. The rats were exposed to 50% oxygen for 24 h, followed by 10% oxygen for 24 h, to induce OIR. This cycle was repeated seven times until 14 days postnatal (P). In all groups, single-dose injections were administered on P15th day. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed at the end of the study. Results: The mean neovascular cell nuclei counts (NVCN) of the four groups were 9.00±3.16, 41.80±11.44, 19.38±2.20, and 16.00±2.62. The mean NVCN count was significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the OIR group (p<0.001). The mean NVCN count was similar between the treatment groups (p=0.078). In immunohistochemical staining, the immunoreactivity values of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were 0.01±0.00, 1.65±0.30, 0.09±0.08, and 0.04±0.02, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) values were 0.10±0.00, 1.12±0.18, 0.18±0.13, and 0.14±0.05. In the OIR group, VEGF and TNF-? immunoreactivity increased markedly compared to the control group (p<0.001). VEGF and TNF-? immunoreactivity of the treatment groups decreased significantly compared to the OIR group (p<0.001). VEGF and TNF-? immunoreactivity were similar between the treatment groups (VEGF:p=0.752; TNF-?:p=0.099). Conclusions: Retinal neovascularization was significantly suppressed by digoxin treatment, and this effect was comparable to bevacizumab in the OIR model. © 2023 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved.
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    Failure of intravitreal dexamethasone implant application
    (Gazi Eye Foundation, 2020) Aras, Feriste; Ulas, Fatih
    Intravitreal dexamethasone implantation (IVDI) has been introduced for indications of retinal venous occlusion, diabetic maculopathy and macular edema due to posterior uveitis. A 65-year-old man, who developed bilateral diabetic macular edema and had limited response to bilateral intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections, was planned to undergo bilateral IVDI. The IVDI was performed without any complication in the right eye but it could not be performed in the left eye due to failure of full-scleral access with the implant applicator during IVDI application in the left eye. When the applicator was checked after failed application, it was determined that the implant partially spilled slightly from the conical part of the applicator needle. Controlling applicator needle and implant position prior to IVDI application is important for application success. © 2019 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved.