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Öğe Effect of the vitamin E on expression of apoptosis-related proteins in immobilized rat testes(Medwell Online, 2010) Kükner, Aysel; Öner, Jale; Öner, Hakan; Ozan, EnverThe aim of this study was to investigate effect of the vitamin E on changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression in the rat testes during immobilisation stress. The animals were divided into three groups. The rats in group I were immobilised for 6 h on 5 consecutive days. The rats in group 11 were daily injected vitamin E (100 mg kg(-1)) for 5 days during immobilisation. Control rats were allowed to move freely. The percentage of Bax immunpositive spermatogonia in stress group was significantly higher than those in control groups (p<0.05) but Bcl-2 was not significantly (p>0.05.). The percentages of Bax and Bcl-2 immunpositive cells in the vitamin E treated group was decreased than the immobilization stress group. It was observed that Bax and Bcl-2 expression were peak level (+) in the spermatogonia of the control group. In this group, Bax and Bcl-2 expression were not determined mostly in the seminifer tubules. Neither Sertoli cells nor spermatids showed immunoreaction. Bax immunoreactivity was observed at strong level (+++) in both spermatogonia and intersititial cells of immobilised rats. In this group, Bcl-2 protein was expressed at peak level (+) in the spermatogonia. Bax expression was decreased in vitamin E treated group and at peak level (+) immunreaction was showed in the spermatogonia and intersitisyal cells. Findings of this study show that the immobilisation stress increases apoptosis and vitamin E decreases Bax and Bcl-2 expression that are apoptosis-releated proteins in the immobilised rat testes.Öğe Effects of high dose retinoic acid on TGF-beta 2 expression during pancreatic organogenesis(Springer, 2005) Çolakoğlu, Neriman; Kükner, Aysel; Öner, Jale; Sönmez, M. Fatih; Öner, Hakan; Ozan, EnverThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess all-trans retinoic acid, a vitamin A metabolite, on pancreatic organogenesis and TGF-beta 2 expression during prenatal development in rats. First group of animals used as control while a single dose of 60 mg/kg all-trans retinoic acid was ingested by the mothers, at day 8 of gestation (before the neurulation period) in group II and at day 12 of gestation (after the neurulation period) in group III, and all embryos were sacrificed at day 18 of gestation. TGF-beta 2 expression was detected in the capsule, acini and Langerhans islets in the control group. In the pancreas of group II, dilatation and congestion of interlobular vessels were observed. Langerhans islet structures were completely absent. Moreover acinar TGF-beta 2 immune reactivity was not determined. In group III, acinar expression of TGF-beta 2 in acid was similar to that in the controls but their Langerhans islets TGF-beta 2 immune reactivity was significantly less than the controls. In view of the present findings we suggest that TGF-beta 2 plays important role in pancreatic morphogenesis and administration of excess all-trans retinoic acid before neurulation inhibit TGF-beta 2 expression disrupted pancreatic morphogenesis particularly Langerhans islets. However, its administration after neurulation had less adverse affect on pancreatic organogenesis and TGF-beta 2 immune reactivity.Öğe The effects of triiodothyronine on rat testis: a morphometric and immunohistochemical study(Springer, 2006) Öner, Jale; Öner, Hakan; Çolakoğlu, Neriman; Kükner, Aysel; Ozan, EnverThe aim of present study was to investigate the effects of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3)) on rat testis both morphometrically and immunohistochemically with determining of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) expression. Adult male Wistar-albino rats used in the study were divided into two groups; control and T(3)-treated groups. After T(3) treatment there was observed to be a decrease in testicular weights, diameters of seminiferous tubules and the number of sertoli cells, and an increase in the number of leydig cells (P < 0.05). Some of the seminiferous tubule lumens of T(3) administrated rats had cellular debris. IGF-I was localized in sertoli cells, late spermatids and leydig cells of all groups. IGF-I immunoreactivity in T(3) treated rats was higher than in controls in all stages of the cycle of rat seminiferous epithelium, but the staining intensity of leydig cells were similar in both groups. In conclusion, the present results suggest that T(3) may modulate the testicular function by affecting IGF-I activity at the gonadal level.Öğe Immunolocalization of TGF-beta 2 in the rat thymus during late stages of prenatal development(Elsevier Gmbh, 2009) Sönmez, Mehmet Fatih; Çolakoğlu, Neriman; Kükner, Aysel; Ozan, Enver; Dabak, Dürrin ÖzlemThe aim of this study was to investigate the immunolocalization of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta 2) in rat thymic stromal cells and thymocytes and investigate the roles of TGF-beta 2 in thymopoiesis during the late stages of fetal development. Twelve adult pregnant female Wistar rats weighing 250-270g were used in this study. The rats were killed by cervical dislocation on gestation days 16 (GD 16), 18 (GD18) and 20 (GD20). Fetal thymus glands were prepared and examined by an immunohistochemical technique to reveal binding of an anti-TGF-beta 2 rabbit polyclonal antibody. The thymic primordium was surrounded with a connective tissue capsule at GD16 and at this stage TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivity was not observed. At GD18, the connective tissue capsule had formed septa which subdivided the tissue into lobules and at this stage TGF-beta 2 immunolocalization was detected in the capsule and in thymocytes. Lobulation was more evident at GD20 and TGF-beta 2 immunoreactivity of thymocytes was more extensive than on GD18. Results indicate that TGF-beta 2 may play an important role in the organization or development of thymocytes in the late stages of thymopoiesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Kadmiyum klorürün sıçan böbrek dokusunda oluşturduğu yapısal değişiklikler ve bu değişiklikler üzerine metallothioneinin etkileri: Işık mikroskobik çalışma(2004) Kara, Haki; Çolakoğlu, Neriman; Kükner, Aysel; Ozan, EnverAmaç: Bu çalışmada kadmiyum klorür uygulaması ile böbrek dokusunda meydana gelen yapısal değişiklikler ve kadmiyum klorür ile birlikte ekzojen uygulanan metallothioneinin koruyucu etkilerinin ışık miroskobik incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 36 adet Wistar cinsi ergin erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Denekler 3 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci grup sıçanlara (n: 16) deri altı yolla 3.5 mg/kg/gün kadmiyum klorür (Sigma; St Louis MO, USA), ikinci grup sıçanlara (n: 16) deri altı yolla 3.5 mg/kg/gün kadmiyum klorür ve periton içi 30 µmol/kg/gün metallothionein (Sigma; St Louis MO, USA) enjekte edildi. Üçüncü grup sıçanlar (n: 4) ise kontrol grubu olarak kullanıldı. Çalışmanın 1., 3., 5. ve 7. günlerinde deneklerden eter anestezisi altında böbrek dokuları alındı, %10'luk formaldehit solüsyonunda tespit edildi, parafin bloklar hazırlandı. Alınan kesitlere (5 µm) Hematoksilen & Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff ve Masson'un üçlü boyaları uygulandı. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada her iki deney grubunda da kadmiyum klorür ve metallothionein uygulama süresinin artışına paralel olarak renal korpuskül ve tübüllerin bazal membranlarında kalınlaşma, proksimal tübüllerde dejenerasyon, korteksteki damarlarda konjesyon saptandı. İkinci grupta ayrıca intramezengial hücrelerde artış, tübüllerde PAS (+) granüller ve kortiko medullar bölgedeki tübüllerde PAS (+) hiyalin madde birikimi gözlendi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak kadmiyum klorür'ün böbrekler için oldukça toksik olduğu ve önemli yapısal hasara yol açtığı belirlendi. Metal bağlayan protein olarak bilinen metallothioneinin oluşan bu yapısal hasarları önlemede yetersiz kaldığı ve benzer yapısal bozuklukların metallothionein uygulanan gruplarda da oluştuğu saptandı.Öğe Protective Effects of CAPE on Liver Injury Induced by CCL4: An Electron Microscopy Study(Informa Healthcare, 2011) Colakoglu, Neriman; Kus, Ilter; Kukner, Aysel; Pekmez, Hidir; Ozan, Enver; Sarsilmaz, MustafaThis study was designed to investigate the protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in three groups. Group I was used as control. Rats in group II were injected with carbon tetrachloride every other day for 1 month, whereas rats in group III were injected with carbon tetrachloride and caffeic acid phenethyl ester every other day for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation and their livers were removed. Liver tissues were processed for electron microscopy. Histopathologically, hepatocytes of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride had damage in the cytoplasmic organelles and nuclei membranes as well as an excessive lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes. However, those histopathological changes were reduced with the coadministration of carbon tetrachloride and caffeic acid phenethyl ester. We conclude that caffeic acid phenethyl ester treatment has the capability to prevent carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.Öğe Sıçan testis dokusunda kadmiyum klorür’ün oluşturduğu yapısal değişiklikler ve bu değişiklikler üzerine metallothionein’nin etkileri: Elektron mikroskobik çalışma(2011) Çolakoğlu, Neriman; Kükner, Aysel; Ozan, Enver; Kara, Haki; Koyutürk, LeylaAmaç: Bu çalışmada, testiküler dokuda kadmiyum klorürün sebep olduğu yapısal değişiklikler ve bu değişiklikler üzerine koruyucu amaçla uygulanan metallothioneinin etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç Yöntem: 36 adet erişkin Wistar rat 3 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba (n:16) 3.5 mg/kg/gün kadmiyum klorür subkutan yolla enjekte edildi. İkinci grup ratlara (n:16) ise 3.5 mg/kg/gün kadmiyum klorür subkutan yolla ve metallothionein (30 ?mol/kg/gün) intraperitoneal yolla birlikte enjekte edildi. Üçüncü grup ratlar (n: 4) kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Deneysel çalışmanın 1., 3., 5. ve 7. günlerinde eter anestezisi altında testiküler doku örnekleri 2.5% ‘luk glutaraldehit solusyonuna alınarak tespit edildi. Elektron mikroskobik incelemeler için bloklar hazırlandı. Bulgular: Elektron mikroskobik incelemelerde, kadmiyum klorür enjeksiyonunun özellikle 3. gününden sonra şiddetli doku hasarı gözlendi. Bu hasar deneyin ilerleyen günlerinde giderek artmaktaydı. Kadmiyum klorür toksikasyonu sonucunda testis dokusunda interstisyel alanda kollagen artışı, leydig hücrelerinde mitokondri artışı, spermatogenik hücrelerde lipid birikimi ve apoptozis tespit edildi. Benzer yapısal değişiklikler kadmiyumla birlikte koruyucu amaçla metallothionenin enjekte edilen grupta da gözlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonucunda kadmiyumun, testis dokusunda oldukça ciddi yapısal bozukluklar meydana getirdiği saptandı. Uzun süre kadmiyum maruziyetinin infertiliteye sebep olan ciddi hasarlar oluşturabileceği söylenebilir.Öğe Ultrastructural changes in the kidney of rats with acute exposure to cadmium and effects of exogenous metallothionein(Humana Press Inc, 2007) Kükner, Aysel; Çolakoğlu, Neriman; Kara, Haki; Öner, Hakan; Özoğul, Candan; Ozan, EnverUltrastructural changes in the kidneys of rats after acute cadmium exposure and the effects of exogenous metallothionein (MT) were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (3.5 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously in the first group. In the second group, 30 mu mol/kg MT was administered in addition to CdCl2. Control rats received 0.5 ml subcutaneous saline solution. Four rats from each group were killed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after administration of the compounds. Kidney tissues were taken and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for electron microscopic observations. Tissue damage in kidney increased as time passed since the administration of CdCl2 in the first group. Degeneration in the proximal and distal tubules was observed. Increased apoptosis was seen in the proximal tubules epithelium, especially on day 7. Peritubular capillaries became dilated, there was degeneration of the endothelial cells, and the amount of intertubular collagen fibers was increased. On day 1, irregular microvilli in the proximal tubules, deepening of the basal striations, and myelin figures; on day 3, multiple vesicular mitochondria and regions of edema around tubules; on days 5 and 7, increased apoptotic cell in the proximal tubules and widened rough endoplasmic reticulum of the endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries were observed. We observed that the structural alterations that increased depending on the day of Cd administration decreased after exogenous MT administration, the dilation of the peritubular capillaries persisted, and there were degenerated proximal tubules. It was established that cadmium chloride was toxic for kidney cortex and caused structural damage. Exogenous MT partly prevents CdCl2-induced damage.
