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    The Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Kidney Tissue of Rats Exposed to Carbon Tetrachloride
    (Aves, 2009) Firat, Tulin; Kukner, Aysel; Tore, Fatma; Ergur, Bekir Ugur
    Purpose: Carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) is frequently used in the industry which has toxic effects on liver and kidney. Heparin is an antithrombotic drug, also an antifibrotic agent. In the present study, the effect of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin on kidney of low dose CCI4 exposed rats was examined by electron microscopy. Material and Methods: Four groups were formed randomly from 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats: 1. Control: olive oil (1 ml) was given IP every other day (n=4). 2. CCI4: 0,25 ml/kg CCI4 was solved in olive oil and given IP every other day (n=5). 3.CCI4+LMW Heparin: CCI4 exposed rats were given subcutan 180 IU/kg LMW Heparin (n=4). (Enoxaparin sodium), everday for last 3 weeks. 4. LMW Heparin: Enoxaparin in same dose and period as group 3 was administrated to rats (n=5). Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks period, kidney tissues were taken and weighted. Tissue samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde for EM. Thin sections were examined with Zeiss EM. Kruskal-Wallis statistical test were used. Results: CCI4 caused damage in proximal tubul microvillus structure,increased basal infoldings and number of lisosoms and capillary dilatation in rat kidney. In LMW heparin +CCI4 given group,the kidney tissue was found near normal morphology. Conclusion: In this study,chronically exposing of lowdose CCI4 were caused minimal changes in proximal tubule and glomerulus structure. Enoxaparin given groups were same with control. The following study will be performed with highdose CCI4.
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    The therapeutic effects of cyclosporin-A on experimental spinal cord injury
    (Scientific Publishers of India, 2017) Gezici, Ali Riza; Kilic, Guven; Firat, Tulin; Cancan, Seckin Emre; Kukner, Aysel; Ozkan, Nezih; Dagistan, Yasar
    Background: According to the experiments, neutrophils and microglial cells are the first to attend the early phase of events in inflammatory response to SCI. Those pilot cells are seen in the first 12-24 hours and disappear about 3-5 days. The neutrophil accumulation and activation are steered by many cytokines such as TNF-?, IL-1 and IL-6. Neutrophils do accompany to the modulation of secondary injury mechanisms via neutrophil proteases and reactive oxygen molecules. When those processes are taken into account, depletion of neutrophils or depression of their functions may derive neuro-protection and neurological healing. Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of Cyclosporin-A (CSA) on recovery processes using clinical and histopathological tests, which has not been used very frequently in clip compression spinal cord injury (SCI) models. Material and methods: Twenty-four Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group 1 [Sham-control, n=8], group 2 [SCI+2 mL saline intramuscular (i.m.), n=8], group 3 [SCI+5 mg/kg CSA (i.p.) 1 h after SCI and for the following three days, n=8]. Rats were evaluated 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th days after SCI, clinically by Drummond and Moore scale and under light microscopy and by TUNEL test; after scarification on 10th day. Results: Clinical and histopathological results of treatment group were found significantly better than the results of the trauma group. Conclusion: CSA can depress apoptosis and necrosis rates in a statistically significant manner and carry out the statistical difference in clinical results. © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.
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    The therapeutic effects of etanercept-methotrexate combination on experimental spinal cord injury
    (Scientific Publishers of India, 2017) Gezici, Ali Riza; Akar, Semih; Firat, Tulin; Dagistan, Yasar; Cancan, Seckin Emre; Kukner, Aysel; Ozkan, Nezih
    Background: Experimental studies have demonstrated that neurons keep dying in an unrecoverable and non-regenerative pattern in following hours after primary mechanical injury to spinal cord. The cascade of events which is called secondary injury is composed of vascular impairment, oedema, ischemia, inflammation, exotoxicity, electrolyte imbalance, lipid peroxidation, free radicals, necrosis and apoptotic cell death. Aims: With clinical and histopathological tests, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of etanercept-methotrexate combination which is an option in mono-therapy resistant rheumatological diseases; but this combination has not been used on recovery processes in clip compression Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) model yet. Study design: Forty Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: group 1 (Sham-control), group 2 (SCI+2 ml saline intramuscular), group 3 (SCI+1.25 mg/kg etanercept), group 4 (SCI+0.5 mg/kg methotrexate) and group 5 (SCI+1.25 mg/kg etanercept+0.5 mg/kg methotrexate). Methods: Rats were evaluated 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th days after SCI, clinically by Drummond and Moore scale, under light microscopy and by Tunel test; after sacrification on 10th day. Results: Clinical and histopathological results of all treatment groups were found significantly better than the results of the trauma group; also no superiority in the monotherapy groups, over each other, was noted. Conclusion: Combined-treatment group had a statistically significant better outcome in preventing apoptosis, but there was no difference according to the clinical results. © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.