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    High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a saponin from verbascum thapsus L.
    (2004) Uçar Türker, Arzu; Camper, N. Dwight; Gürel, Ekrem
    An extraction and analytical protocol for saponins were established for Verbascum thapsus L., a medicinal plant. Four different kinds of plant sample were analyzed; field-grown, in vitro cultured, commercially obtained leaves and field-grown capsules. A cleanup procedure with Octadecyl (C18) Solid Phase Extraction Column was used prior to HPLC analysis. Ilwensisaponin A was used as an external standard and digitoxin as an internal standard. C18 reverse phase column and gradient elutions (Acetonitrile with 0.1 % Orthophosphoric acid and Water with 0.1 % Ortho- phosphoric acid) were used for HPLC analysis. Commercially obtained leaves had a higher concentration of saponin (0.215 mg/g tissue) than other leaves (0.081–0.198 mg/g tissue) and capsule sample (0.016 mg/g tissue). © 2004 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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    In vitro culture of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)
    (C A B I Publishing, 2001) Türker, Arzu Uçar; Camper, N. Dwight; Gürel, Ekrem
    Verbascum thapsus L. is a medicinal herb and has been used to treat inflammatory disease, asthma, spasmodic coughs and migraine headaches. Studies were initiated to establish an in vitro culture protocol for V. thapsus. Explants (leaf discs, petioles and roots) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog minimal organics (MSMO) medium with benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin. Best shoot proliferation was obtained from leaf disc and petiole explants at 13.32 muM BA. Leaf discs were cultured on MSMO medium with 13.32 VM BA in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). More shoot development was obtained with 13.32 muM BA and 5.37 muM NAA. Shoots were transferred to rooting media containing different levels of NAA and 2,4-D. Most of the shoots formed roots on media with 5.37 muM NAA. Plants were transferred to vermiculite and subsequently to potting media and maintained in the greenhouse.