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Age estimation using the Demirjian method in third molars on cone beam computed tomography images
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kunuk, Feyza Akalin; Bayrak, Seval
The study aimed to estimate the chronologic age of individuals and whether they were aged under or over 18 years by using the Demirjian method on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The developmental stages of the third molars in the maxilla and mandible of 445 individuals aged between 9 and 26 years were evaluated as eight stages from A to H according to the Demirjian method. The association of these eight stages with chronologic age according to the age of 18 years, which is accepted as the threshold value, and the distribution of the stages was statistically analyzed. There was no significant difference in the mean age at which developmental stages (A-H) were seen between the sexes (p > .05). Stage A was observed up to the age of 15 years in females and 14 years in males, and stage H was observed at the age of 16 at the earliest in both sexes. Stages A and B were not seen in individuals aged 18 years and over. The age of individuals and whether they are below or above 18 years can be estimated by evaluating the development of third molars according to the Demirjian method.
Agresif periodontitis teşhisi konulan hastalarda pulpa taşı varlığının radyografik olarak değerlendirilmesi
(2019) Aydın, Zeliha Uğur; Koşumcu, Sevim; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Bayrak, Seval; Orucoglu, Hasan
AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı agresif periodontitis (AP) ile pulpa taşı arasındaki ilişkinin radyografik olarak araştırılmasıdır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya AP grubunda 116 bireye (67 kadın ve 49 erkek; yaş ortalaması 26.2 ± 5.3) ve kontrol grubunda 127 periodontal olarak sağlıklı bireye (72 kadın, 55 erkek; yaş ortalaması 29.8 ± 3.6) ait toplam 243 panoramik radyograf dahil edildi. Maksiller ve mandibular 1. ve 2. premolar dişler ile 1. ve 2. molar dişlerdeki pulpa taşı varlığı tek bir gözlemci tarafından değerlendirildi. Değerlendirme sonucunda elde edilen veriler ki-kare testi kullanılarak analiz edildi. BULGULAR: AP grubunda, hasta bazında pulpa taşı görülme sıklığı (29/116 birey; %25) kontrol grubuna göre (12/127 birey; %9.4) anlamlı derecede fazla bulundu (p<0.05). Diş bazında, pulpa taşı görülme insidansı AP grubundaki molar dişlerde (60/251; %23.9) ve premolar dişlerde (10/344; %2.9) kontrol grubundaki molar dişlere (11/457; %2.4) ve premolar dişlere (2/499; %0.4) göre anlamlı derecede daha fazla bulundu (p<0.05). Her iki grupta da cinsiyete göre pulpa taşı görülme sıklığında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). SONUÇ: Bu çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde, AP’ye sahip bireylerde pulpa taşı görülme sıklığı sağlıklı periodontal dokuya sahip bireylere göre daha yüksek bulundu. Klinik açıdan, AP’li bireylerde endodontik tedavide kök kanallarına erişimde güçlük oluşturma riski taşıyan pulpa taşı varlığı kapsamlı şekilde değerlendirilmelidir.
Anatomic study on sphenoidal emissary foramen by using cone-beam computed tomography
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, Kaan
Objectives: The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the radiologic anatomy of sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Methods: Three hundred seventeen (189 female and 128 male) full-head CBCT images were evaluated in this study. Incidence, diameter, shape, confluence to foramen ovale, and distance to anatomic structures of SEF were noted. Results: In the 317 analyzed images, the SEF was identified in 89 (28.1%) images. Of these, 67 (21.1%) were unilateral, 22 were (6.9%) bilateral. The maximum mean diameter of SEF was measured 2.66mm on the right side and 2.82mm on the left side (P = 0.16). The most observed SEF shape was oval with the incidence of 68.5% (P <= 0.05). Confluence was observed in 23.4% of SEF whereof 84.6% were in the left side (P <= 0.05). Conclusion: Observations in this study tender new anatomic parameters regarding SEF incidence, characteristics, and distances to proximate anatomic structures. Knowledge related to SEF variations will be helpful for neurosurgeons and radiologist.
Anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramen in ancient skulls: a cone beam computed tomography study in an Anatolian population
(Via Medica, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Mukadder; Alan, Arzu; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical features of lingual foramina and their bony canals in Anatolian ancient mandibles (9-10th century) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight ancient dry mandibles were scanned with CBCT. Lingual foramina were grouped into midline, paramedian, posterior foramina and combination of these groups. Midline group was also classified according to internal surface of the mandible (gonial tubercles [GTs]). The incidence, vertical distance and diameter of lingual foramina were measured according to age groups and gender. Results: The incidence of the lingual foramen was 96.6%. Midline of the symphysis had the highest incidence (34.4%) of foramina (p < 0.05), followed by both midline and paramedian type (32.8%; p < 0.05). Classification in terms of GT represented class 3 as the most encountered group (28.6%). Number of foramina observed in the mandibles ranged from 0 to 6 with the incidence of 3.4% and 32.8%, respectively. The male and < 35 years groups presented larger measurement values in midline region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mandibular lingual foramina and bony canals are frequently present in ancient mandibles. When compared with modern subjects, similar findings are observed according to published literatures. CBCT is also proved to be an effective imaging modality in the detection of lingual foramina and canals in anthropological studies.
Applicability of dental panoramic radiomorphometric and fractal dimension analysis in the evaluation of antiepileptic drug-induced osteoporosis
(Apollonia Univ Iasi, 2019) Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Bayrak, Seval
Bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced due to the antiepileptic drug (AED) use. This retrospective study aimed at comparing the fractal dimension (FD) and mandibular indices in certain regions on dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients using AED and also of healthy individuals. In 34 patients with epilepsy using AED and in 34 healthy subjects, panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and fractal dimension (FD) of four different regions were assessed using DPRs. FD, measured in the condylar, second premolar and angulus regions, and the mean FD values were significantly lower in the affected patients (p=0.027, p=0.001, p=0.032, p=0.006 respectively). The mean PMI was higher in controls (p=0.001), yet MCI were similar in both groups (p=0.765). FD analysis and radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiographs can be used to evaluate osteoporotic changes in patients using AEDs.
Assessment of Elongated Styloid Process with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Western Part of the Black Sea Region
(2019) Serindere, Gözde; Bayrak, Seval
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of elongated styloid process and its relation to gender, age and location in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 170 patients were evaluated. Age and gender of the patients who were included in this study were recorded. Morphology of elongated styloid process was analyzed and prevalence was determined. Mean lengths of elongated styloid processes were measured. Results: Elongated styloid process was observed in 68 (40%) of 170 patients (340 styloid processes). Mean lengths of elongated SP were 35.25 mm. Elongation was observed in right side in 4 (2.4%) of 170 patients while was observed in left side in 28 (16.5%) patients and it was seen bilaterally in 36 (21.2%) patients. In our study, the most frequent morphology was observed as Type 1. The most common calcification pattern was Type D. Conclusion: In this study, CBCT was presented as an alternative method to panoramic radiographs for the measurement and the assessment of the styloid process.
ASSESSMENT OF FORAMEN MAGNUM AND CLIVUS FOR ESTIMATION OF AGE AND GENDER USING CONE-BEAM CT
(2019) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller
Aim: The aim of this study is to perform morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum (FM) and clivus using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate their applicability in age and gender estimation. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 412 individuals (248 females and 164 males) were included in the study. The sagittal dimension (SD) and transverse dimension (TD) and area of the FM were measured. The width and length of clivus were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and t-tests to assess the level of significance for sex and age. Result: The mean values of SD, TD, area of FM and width and length of clivus were higher in males than in females. Statistically significant differences were found between sexes for all variables (p<0.05). There was no statistically difference between age and FM dimensions (p>0.05). There was a significant relationship and positive correlation between length of clivus and age groups (p=0.009, r=0.351). Concusion: CBCT provides valuable information about the dimensions of the FM and clivus, and can be used reliably for anthropometric analysis and forensic medicine in the field of sexual dimorphism. The length of clivus can also help in determining age groups.
Assessment of maxillary sinus changes after le fort I osteotomy surgery
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Akbulut, Nihat; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval
Objective: The goal of this retrospective study is to examine the changes of maxillary sinus volume, sinus membrane thickness (SMT) and the distance between the floor of maxillary sinus and ostium after Le Fort I osteotomy. Methods: A total of 30 patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy were evaluated just before and 1 year after the surgical operation. Linear and volumetric measurements were done via 3D-DOCTOR software on sectional and 3D images. Results: Decrease in maxillary sinus volume, increase in SMT and no change in distance between the floor of the maxillary sinus and ostium were detected after surgery. After surgery, SMT was found higher in advancement + impaction group. Conclusion: This paper clarified that Le Fort I osteotomy affects the volume and thickness of the maxillary sinuses that may lead to deterioration of the ciliary activity and failure in the drainage which are predisposing factors for sinus pathologies. In maxillary osteotomies of later ages, maxillary sinus examination and follow-up should be performed regularly in order to maintain sinus health.
Assessment of paranasal sinus parameters according to ancient skulls' gender and age by using cone-beam computed tomography
(Via Medica, 2019) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Şebnem Kurşun; Aksoy, Seçil; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Demir, Pervin
Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether paranasal sinus dimensions and volume can be useful to identify gender and age estimation for ancient skulls using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods: CBCT scans of 32 ancient skulls of approximately 1000 years of age were included in this retrospective study. The gender and age estimation of the skulls were made by an independent anthropologist, which was considered as the gold standard. Paranasal sinuses' dimensions (width and height) and volumes of each sinus were measured from the CBCT data set that was linked to the three-dimensional rendering software (Anatomage, Invivo 5.2). All measurements were performed by an independent observer lntra-observer analysis was made. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare paranasal sinus parameters in terms of age estimation and gender (p < 0.05). Results: The results demonstrated no statistically significant difference between measurements (p < 0.05). The measurements were found to be highly reproducible. The mean volumes of frontal and sphenoid sinus were found to be higher in males. The distance from anterior-posterior wall of sphenoid sinus in axial sections is larger in males (p > 0.05). The frontal sinus width and volume increased statistically with age above 60 years of age (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The paranasal volume and dimensions' measurements from CBCT data can be a promising technique to determine gender and age of ancient skulls because of its lower voxel sizes and higher resolution.
Assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio in 3 T magnetic resonance imaging in the presence of zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium alloy
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Kocasaraç, Hüsniye Demirtürk; Kurşun-Çakmak, Emine Sebnem; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Noujeim, Marcel
Objective. We quantitatively compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in T1 weighted imaging (WI) and T2 WI sequences in 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using zirconium, titanium (grades 4 and 5), and titanium-zirconium alloy implants to evaluate the effect of implant type and imaging sequence. Study Design. MRI was acquired using a 3 T magnet with a 16-channel head coil. Implants of each type were mounted in gel and scanned in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes using fast spin echo sequences in T1 WI (TR = 600, TE =12 milliseconds) and T2 WI (TR = 3000, TE = 80 milliseconds) sequences. Data were transferred to Synapse 3-D software, and images were measured twice by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist blinded to the type of implants. Results. Zirconium implants resulted in the lowest SNR and CNR values (P < .05). No significant differences were identified between titanium (grades 4 and 5) and titanium-zirconium implants. The T2 WI sequence had a significantly higher SNR and CNR than T1 WI. There was no difference in intraobserver agreement between T1 WI and T2 WI. Conclusions. CNR and SNR at 3 T MRI are dependent on implant type and imaging sequence. Titanium (grades 4 and 5) and titanium-zirconium implants and the T2 WI sequence produced higher SNR and CNR values.
Assessment of stafne bone defects prevalence and characteristics by using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study
(2017) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun
Objective: Stafne bone defects (SBDs) are asymptomatic radiolucent cavities usually located between mandibular angle and the third molar, below the inferior alveolar canal and above the basis of the mandible. The aim of this retrospective study is to estimate the frequency, age and sex distrubution and types of SBDs from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 169 subjects. Material and Methods: CBCT images between the years 2014 and 2016 were obtained in Bolu İzzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty by using I-CAT 3D Imaging System from 169 subjects and analysed by one observer by utilizing axial, sagittal, cross-sectional, panoramic images and 3D reconstructions. Results: Results of this study showed that SBDs frequency was 3.5% with the mean age of 51. Detected SBDs patients were all male. All cases were asymptomatic and unilateral. Conclusion: Although the radiological appearance of the SBDs is usually pathognomonic, in indeterminate cases 3 dimensional examination as CBCT is recommended
Comparison of cephalometric measurements of living subjects and ancient skulls in Anatolia
(2020) Akbulut, Sibel; Karadeniz, Secil Nigar; Cakmak, Emine Sebnem Kursun; Bayrak, Seval; Şahin, Serkan; Orhan, Kaan
Abstract Aim: This study aims to provide insights into the evolutionary adaptation of human, via comparing the craniofacial characteristics of living subjects and ancient skulls from Anatolia. Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) generated 2D cephalometric projections of 32 ancient skulls and well matched lateral cephalometric images of 32 patients were evaluated. Sixteen widely used cephalometric measurements were performed. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to examine intra-observer reliability. Mann–Whitney tests and chi-square tests were used to compare cephalometric measurements of the groups. Results: : The linear measurements of living subjects were smaller than the linear measurements of ancient skulls (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between the groups in the cranial base lengths, maxillary and mandibular dimensions (p<0.05). The maxilla and mandible were found more prognathic in ancient men and women (p<0.001). Conclusion: Environmental factors and genetic changes lead to a reduction in the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the human craniofacial complex. Dental practitioners should consider these evolutionary changes during the treatment planning process.
Comparison of cone beam computed tomography and ultrasonography with two types of probes in the detection of opaque and non-opaque foreign bodies
(Soc Romana Ultrasonografe Medicina Biologie-Srumb, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Orhan, Kaan; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Görürgöz, Cansu; Bayrak, Seval
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Mtra-oral and extra-oral ultrasonographic (US) examinations performed with linear and convex probes in the detection of opaque and non-opaque foreign bodies (FBs) located in the maxillofacial area. Materials and methods: Thirteen different type of FBs were inserted into a sheep's head: a) on the external bone surface of mandible (between the mandibular corpus and masseter muscle), h) in the intrinsic muscular tissue (in the dorsum of the tongue) and e) in the hollow structures (into the maxillary sinus of the sheep's head). The FBs in muscle tissue were scanned intra-orally whereas FBs in bone external bone surface of mandible and in maxillary sinus were scanned both intra-orally and extra-orally. The sensitivity of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and US imaging methods in detection of FBs were compared for FBs on the bone surface and in the muscular tissue. Results: The infra-observer kappa coefficients provided identical values of 0.236 for the extra-oral convex probe, 0.461 for the intra-oral linear probe for overall FBs detection, Which indicated notably poor to fair intra-observer agreement. The inter-observer agreement showed a poor agreement for the extra-oral use of linear probe (0.341 and 0.393) and extra-oral use of convex probe (0.319 and 0.335), However, a fair agreement was determined for use of probe intra-orally (0.530 and 0.534). Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of the CBCT was higher than the US regarding the visualization of FBs in the bone tissue. Conclusion: US with a linear probe should be the first choice for the detection of the low-radiodensity which are entrapped in the soil tissue. However, CBCT is a more sensitive technique for the visualization of FBs in air and bone tissue compared to the US, particularly for the diagnosis of high-radiodensity FBs.
Comparison of fractal dimension analysis and panoramic-based radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone changes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2018) Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval
Objectives. This study compared the fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone of patients with type 1 (T1 DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Study Design. Panoramic radiographs of 104 patients were evaluated to calculate FD, mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI) in the mandible. Results. No statistically significant differences were found in FD when T1 DM and T2 DM groups were compared with controls (P >= .168). Patients with T1 DM had significantly lower MCW (P < .001) and PMI (P = .030) compared with controls. Patients with T2 DM had no significant differences in MCW (P = .228) or PMI (P = .137) compared with controls. No significant differences were observed between patients with T1 DM and those with T2 DM for FD, MCW, and PMI (P > .05). In the T1 DM and T2 DM groups, there was a significant correlation between MCW and FD (P >= .011). No correlation was observed between FD and PMI in either the T1 DM group or the T2 DM group (P >= .142). No significant differences in MCI were observed between the DM groups and controls (P = .740) or between the T1 DM and T2 DM groups (P = 1.000). Conclusions. The cortical and trabecular bone architectures of patients with T1 DM and T2 DM were not different. Patients with T1 DM had lower cortical measurements compared with controls.
Comparison of radiopacity of current restorative CAD/CAM blocks with digital radiography
(Wiley, 2019) Atala, Mustafa Hayati; Atala, Nagehan; Yeğin, Elif; Bayrak, Seval
Objective While the radiopacity of restorative material affects the radiographic diagnosis of the teeth, there is no data about the radiopacity of current restorative computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) materials. Therefore, the present study compared the radiopacity values of current restorative CAD/CAM blocks to facilitate the material choice within such a wide variety of materials. Materials and Methods Specimens were prepared from 13 different restorative CAD/CAM blocks to compare with enamel and dentin. The specimens placed on the occlusal phosphor plate were imaged with aluminum step wedge and tooth section. The radiopacity values were calculated using the Image J program. The radiopacity values of the specimens were converted to mmAl values with the Curve Expert 1.4 program. Results The difference between the radiopacity values of dentin and e.max CAD was not significant, however, they exhibited a significant difference from the other 14 groups (P < .05). Enamel and Obsidien, Suprinity, and Celtra Duo had greater radiopacity values with significant differences from the other 12 materials whereas the difference within these groups was not significant (P > .05). Conclusions The evaluated restorative CAD/CAM materials have significantly different radiopacity values. Among these permanent restoration blocks, the highest radiopacity value was observed in Celtra Duo, the lowest in Block HC.
Comparison of the effects of removable functional appliance therapy applied in pubertal and postpubertal periods: A retrospective cephalometric and fractal analyses study
(Mosby-Elseiver, 2023) Korkmaz, Yasemin Nur; Akbulut, Sibel; Bayrak, Seval
Introduction: In this study, we compared the effects of functional treatment with Twin-block appliance on the bony architectures of the maxilla and mandible by fractal dimension (FD) analysis, and the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects by cephalometric analysis, in pubertal and postpubertal patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods: This study comprised 60 patients who underwent Twin-block treatment. Group 1 consisted of 30 patients in the pubertal period (6 boys and 24 girls; mean age 12.27 +/- 1.35 years), whereas group 2 consisted of 30 patients in the postpubertal period (6 boys and 24 girls; mean age 13.73 +/- 1.51 years). FD analysis was performed on the patients before and after Twin-block panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. Cephalometric analysis was also conducted. Paired and Student t tests were used to compare the parametric data, and Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to compare the nonparametric data. Results: SNB, Pg-N, N-Me, ANS-Me, IMPA, L1/NB, Co-Gn, Go-Gn, S -Go, Co-Go, and Go-Me significantly increased in both groups after treatment. FD values of tuber, condyle, and molar regions significantly decreased in group 1, whereas no significant differences were observed in group 2 after treatment. Conclusions: In the pubertal period, the Twin-block appliance resulted in skeletal correction by causing bone remodeling and reshaping in both jaws along with the dentoalveolar correction. In the postpubertal period, Twin-block had no significant effect on the bone trabecular arrangement in the investigated areas but produced cephalometric improvement to a certain extent with lower skeletal and higher dental impact.
Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of intracranial physiologic calcifications
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Orhan, Kaan
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of physiologic intracranial calcifications detected in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a Turkish subpopulation. Methods: The CBCT image of the full head of 573 patients taken between 2015 and 2018 was evaluated retrospectively. The prevalence of habenular calcification, petroclinoid ligament, coroid plexus, interclinoid ligament (ICL), and carotico-clinoid ligament (CCL) calcifications was investigated. The age and gender of the patients were recorded. Results: Intracranial calcification was found in 190 (33.1%) of 573 cases. The frequency of physiological calcifications is respectively; 19.2% were found as habenular, 4.88% as ICL, 3.83% as CCL, 2.7% as petroclinoid ligament, and 2.4% as choroid plexus. 38.2% of the women and 29.3% of the men had intracranial calcification. In 4 patients, both ICL and CCL ossification were detected. No statistically significant relationship was found between age, gender, and calcifications. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography is a widely used imaging technique for dental diagnosis and treatment. Intracranial physiological calcifications may be a common incidental finding of CBCT scans.
Contrast-to-noise ratios of different dental restorative materials: An in-vitro cone beam computed tomography study
(2020) Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Kamalak, Hakan
In radiological views, strong beam hardening and streaking artifacts occur due to high-density structures and polyenergetic X-ray beams, and these lead to misdiagnosis. This study was performed in vitro to compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of commonly used dental restorative materials by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images with and without artifact reduction (AR) mode. Materials and Methods A total of 108 molar teeth were restored with nine different groups of restorative materials, with each group containing 12 teeth. Teeth were placed in a dry human mandible and scanned, one by one, via Planmeca 3D ProMax (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with and without AR mode. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate the CNR. Results CNR was calculated to be the highest in compomer (Glassiosite) images without AR mode (mean: 3.36) and with AR mode (mean: 3.61). CNR was calculated to be the lowest in amalgam (Tytin) images without AR mode (mean: 0.21) and with AR mode (mean: 0.23). A significant difference was found between materials in terms of CNR measurements (p ? 0.05). CNR measurements were increased after the AR mode application (p ? 0.05). Conclusion AR mode was effective in reducing artifacts arising from dental materials on CBCT images, so it is necessary to use AR mode for correct diagnoses
Correlation between the visibility of submandibular fossa and mandibular canal cortication on panoramic radiographs and submandibular fossa depth on CBCT
(Medicina Oral S L, 2018) Bayrak, Seval; Kocasaraç, Hüsniye Demirtürk; Yaprak, Emre; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Noujeim, Marcel
Background: To identify a correlation between the submandibular fossa (SF) visibility and mandibular canal (MC) cortication on panoramic image and the depth of SF measured on CBCT and also correlation between the depth of SF and vertical and horizontal location of MC on CBCT. Material and Methods: 500 CBCT scans and panoramic radiographs were evaluated. SF depth types were classified as type I (< 2mm); type II (2-3mm) and type III (> 3mm) on CBCT. Visibility of SF and the cortication of MC on panoramic radiographs were compared with the depth of SF on CBCT. Distances between MC and mandibular inferior, buccal and lingual cortices were measured. Results: No statistically significant correlation was found between radiolucent appearances of SF, cortication of MC, and depth of SF. The deepest part of the fossa was in the second molar area followed by third and first molars. Negative weak correlations were found between B-MC, L-MC distances and depth of SF. Conclusions: Visibility of SF and cortication of MC on panoramic radiographs did not correlate with the depth of SF. A marked radiolucent submandibular fossa on panoramic image does not undoubtedly indicate a deep fossa, which emphasizes the importance of 3-D imaging in implant planning.
Dental age estimation with special emphasis on age limits of 12/15 and 18 years: Detailed analysis according to governing law
(Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2023) Sinanoglu, Alper; Kunuk, Feyza Akalin; Bayrak, Seval; Ankarali, Handan
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of Demirjian method in estimation of age groups with limits of 12, 15, and 18 years, according to ages of legal responsibilities. Methods: The panoramic radiographs of the study population aged between 6 to 22 were assessed for third molar (3M) mineralization with Demirjian method with four subgroups. Group 1 consisted of individuals aged between 6 to and 12 years of age, Group 2 were aged between 12 to 15 (Group 2, >= 12, <15), Group 3 were aged between 15-18 years (Group 3, >= 15, <18) and Group 4 were aged over-18s (Group 4, >= 18). Chronological age, developmental stages of 3Ms, differences between bilateral 3M stages and their relations between age groups were evaluated. Results: Regarding all 3M mineralization evaluations, stages 0 and A for Group 1; stages C and D for Group 2; stages E and F for Group 3; stage H for Group 4 was found to be high in percent (p<.05). Regarding the bilateral evaluations, the most variations were in readings of stages B, C, E and G as two stages below and one stage above the concordance. Conclusion: Use of Demirjian method facilitated discrimination of specific age groups with 12, 15, and 18 age thresholds in a sample of a young Turkish subpopulation from the Northwest Anatolia. Regarding the staging assessment in Demirjian method, independent evaluation of each side must be considered for bilateral 3Ms.

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