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Öğe Aquatic plants as human food(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sameeullah, Muhammed; Karataş, Mehmet; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodWater is one of the main components of the earth and almost 70% of the earth is surrounded by water found in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and below the Earth’s surface. All ancient human civilizations were established and developed near the water bodies in order to fill their stomach. These water bodies provided food source like fish for consumption and plants as vegetables or for medicinal purposes. Since ancient times, the aquatic plants have had significant economic and social impact on humans on the basis of their traditional knowledge. However, localized consumption of these aquatic plants as food or as medicinal plants limits their expansion to the world market. A large number of aquatic or semiaquatic plants have potential for commercialization as food plants due to their use and nutritional value but lack of knowledge hinders exploitation of their potential. This review presents general information on marine or freshwater plants along with form of uses and dishes made. Furthermore, information about underutilized aquatic plants is also given along with well-established aquatic edible plants. Keywords Aquatic Edible Fresh water Marine VegetablesÖğe Bioinformatics tools make plant functional genomics studies easy(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Sameeullah, Muhammad; Aslam, Noreen; Khan, Faheem Ahmed; Aasim, MuhammadIn the era of omics with the huge available data sets in field of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and phenomics need the quick access and efficiently use of the information to validate the functions for the particlular gene family or the gene of interest in the plant cell. Therefore, user-friendly bioinformatics tools are utmost important for the students, researchers, and scientists to carry out successful functional genomics experiments. Here we describe the free available online databases and tools that can be utilized without prior deep knowledge of bioinformatics. The access to genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and phenomics tools will be beneficial for designing of intelligent experiments. Keywords Functional genomics Gene expression Comparative genomics Metabolomics Bioinformatics toolsÖğe Biotechnological approaches for genetic improvement of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.)(Springer Singapore, 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Baloch, Faheem Shahzad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodAbstract Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the important medicinal plants of ancient medicinal systems due to its high nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Seeds and leaves of Fenugreek contain phytochemicals like diosgenin and trigonelline. It is a cultivated plant of the modern world for medicinal uses, an edible vegetable, and a forage plant. Advancement in industrial and biotechnological techniques for the isolation of phytochemicals increase the demand of Fenugreek, and its breeding programs are based on improving the secondary metabolites compared to other uses. Recent advancement in modern biotechnological approaches enables researchers to develop elite cultivars of desired traits in a short time. Application of modern techniques like artificial mutations under in vitro conditions, characterization using molecular markers, and development of successful plant tissue culture techniques, genetic transformation techniques, and functional genomics studies have significant potential to improve Fenugreek traits. The study highlights the application of biotechnological approaches used for the development of elite Fenugreek traits for the researchers for future breeding programs. Furthermore, the research gap and areas to improve research have been highlighted in this present study. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.Öğe Common bean as a potential crop for future food security: An overview of past, current and future contributions in genomics, transcriptomics, transgenics and proteomics(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Shahid, Muhammad Qasim; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Yılmaz, Hilal; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Hatipoğlu, Rüştü; Çilesiz, Yeter; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Ludidi, Ndiko; Ercişli, Sezai; Aasim, Muhammad; Karaköy, Tolga; Baloch, Faheem ShahzadCommon bean is an important legume crop having high quality protein, micronutrients, vitamins and antioxidants, which makes it a "grain of hope" for poor communities. Hence, a good number of breeding activities have been performed on the improvement of various key traits for years. However, recent advancements in molecular markers, sequencing technologies and the completion of the common bean genome sequence have opened numerous opportunities for fine mapping and gene characterization. The availability of these tools together with investigations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for key traits such as morpho-agronomic, iron and zinc contents, cooking and quality traits, antioxidant activity, biotic and abiotic stresses pave the way to the development of new strategies for common bean genetic improvement. As a food source, it can contribute to the reduction of food scarcity worldwide in the coming years. Therefore, it is very important to take synergic efforts to integrate common bean genetic and genomic resources in breeding activities to ensure food security and contribute significantly to improved livelihoods in developing countries. Moreover, Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) and CRISPR-Cas9 should be used to develop climate resilience common bean varieties. Here, we provide an overview of the evolution of common bean research by highlighting the past and recent advances in genomics, transgenics, transcriptomics and proteomics and also critically discuss the future prospects for further genetic improvement and better expansion of this crop.Öğe Fruits of Rosaceae family as a source of anticancer compounds and molecular innovations(Springer Singapore, 2018) Sameeullah, Muhammad; Gündoğdu, Muttalip; Canan, ihsan; Karadeniz, Turan; Aasim, MuhammadFruits of the family, Rosaceae (Apple, cherry, Peach, strawberry, rose, raspberry) are rich source of phenolic and antioxidant compounds having anticancer properties. The present chapter discusses the detail information about anticancer compounds of strawberry, raspberry, peach, apple, cherry and rose and also the genes responsible for the biosynthesis, accumulation and transport of anticancer compounds during growth and maturation of fruits. The transcriptome expression was performed to find putative genes responsible for anticancer compounds during the biosynthesis and transporter genes. It is revealed form the promoter analysis that cis-acting element is responsible for the regulation of anticancer compounds. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9 enhanced the biosynthesis of anticancer compounds during fruit development and maturation stages. CRISPR/Cas9 will be used for the silencing of genes which putatively inhibit the formation of anti-cancer compounds and also up-regulate biosynthesis and transporter genes mediated by CRISPR/Cas9to enhance their accumulation in these fruits. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.Öğe Innovation in the breeding of common bean through a combined approach of in vitro regeneration and machine learning algorithms(Frontiers Media SA, 2022) Aasim, Muhammad; Katırcı, Ramazan; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Mustafa, Zemran; Bakhsh, Allah; Çiftçi, VahdettinCommon bean is considered a recalcitrant crop for in vitro regeneration and needs a repeatable and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for its improvement through biotechnological approaches. In this study, the establishment of efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration followed by predicting and optimizing through machine learning (ML) models, such as artificial neural network algorithms, was performed. Mature embryos of common bean were pretreated with 5, 10, and 20 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 20 days followed by isolation of plumular apice for in vitro regeneration and cultured on a post-treatment medium containing 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 1.50 mg/L BAP for 8 weeks. Plumular apice explants pretreated with 20 mg/L BAP exerted a negative impact and resulted in minimum shoot regeneration frequency and shoot count, but produced longer shoots. All output variables (shoot regeneration frequency, shoot counts, and shoot length) increased significantly with the enhancement of BAP concentration in the post-treatment medium. Interaction of the pretreatment x post-treatment medium revealed the need for a specific combination for inducing a high shoot regeneration frequency. Higher shoot count and shoot length were achieved from the interaction of 5 mg/L BAP x 1.00 mg/L BAP followed by 10 mg/L BAP x 1.50 mg/L BAP and 20 mg/L BAP x 1.50 mg/L BAP. The evaluation of data through ML models revealed that R-2 values ranged from 0.32 to 0.58 (regeneration), 0.01 to 0.22 (shoot counts), and 0.18 to 0.48 (shoot length). On the other hand, the mean squared error values ranged from 0.0596 to 0.0965 for shoot regeneration, 0.0327 to 0.0412 for shoot count, and 0.0258 to 0.0404 for shoot length from all ML models. Among the utilized models, the multilayer perceptron model provided a better prediction and optimization for all output variables, compared to other models. The achieved results can be employed for the prediction and optimization of plant tissue culture protocols used for biotechnological approaches in a breeding program of common beans.Öğe An insight into biotechnological approaches used for the improvement of secondary metabolites from the medicinal aquatic plant, water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L.)(Springer Singapore, 2019) Aasim, Muhammad; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Karataş, Mehmet; Bakirci, Seyma; Bakhsh, Allah; AkhtarWater has a significant role on human civilizations by providing food and water along with plants grown on the banks or within the water bodies. Aquatic plants or semiaquatic plants are the group of plants that love to live in or near water bodies, and some of these plants are economically important due to their usage as food or medicinal plants. Water hyssop or brahmi (Bacopa monnieri L.) is one of the important semiaquatic/aquatic plants that has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient time in Indian subcontinent. The plant contains several secondary metabolites like bacosides which are used as memory enhancer tonic commercially. Brahmi-based registered drugs are available in India and other countries as memory enhancer tonic and for other diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, asthma, stomach ulcers, and respiratory ailments and for curing chronic diseases like cancer. Bacopa is facing the threat of extinction from wild as it is not a cultivated plant and propagation through seed is limited due to low availability of and viability of seeds. On the other hand, extensive works on the propagation of this important medicinal plant has been reported to develop in vitro protocols for its conservation and plant propagation for secondary metabolite production. Different in vitro techniques like cell suspension culture, callus culture, and organogenesis have been reported with the objective of producing or enhancing bacoside. Furthermore, application of other biotechnological approaches like Agrobacteriummediated genetic transformation studies, use of mutagens, and in vitro polyploidization have also been reported. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to highlight the application of different biotechnological approaches used for the production, conservation, and secondary metabolite production of B. monnieri. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Öğe An Insight to Micropropagation of Freshwater Aquatic Medicinal Plants(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Aasim, Muhammad; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Karataş, Mehmet; Shahzad Bloch, Faheem; Bakhsh, AllahFreshwater aquatic plants include medicinal and ornamental species: have limited demand and rarely micropropagated. Most of them are found in Southeast Asian environments as amphibians or fully submerged or floating in lakes, streams, and watercourses that are ignored as weeds. These plants have never been central focuses and were not looked for characteristic proliferation. It is difficult to multiply these plants using traditional techniques through seeds or natural proliferation of rhizomes or cuttings by maintaining quality. Rare and fragmented but important information about micropropagation of these neglected plants has been discussed in this chapter. There are certain aquatic or semiaquatic medicinal plants for which no effort has been made to propagate in vitro. Contrarily, plants like water hyssop have extensive in vitro regeneration protocols due to its high demand. This study compares methodologies used by researchers to micropropagate these plants. It is concluded that this study will help in understanding and establishing systems for scientific propagation of these plants. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.Öğe Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.): A less-known medicinal plant to the world with diffusion, genomics, phenomics, and metabolomics for genetic improvement(Springer Singapore, 2018) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Aasim, Muhammad; Kırıcı, Saliha; Karık, Ünal; Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad; Yılmaz, Abdurrahim; Baloch, Faheem ShehzadMedicinal plants have gained the world’s attention due to their application in various ways. Laurel (Laurus nobilis. L) is a very important medicinal plant of the Mediterranean region. Traditionally this plant has been successfully used in medicine, and its essential oil has great importance. Genomics, breeding, and metabolomics of different crops have remained the main focus of researchers, which made this plant to less known to the world. Most of the researchers only worked about the essential oil and its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. However, still almost no work has been done about the breeding aspects of this important plant. The present review offers an overview about the origin, diffusion, genomics, phenomics, breeding, and metabolomics of laurel. This information would be very helpful for the researchers who are interested in the breeding of this plant. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.Öğe Legumes Biofortification(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Fiaz, Sajid; Aasim, Muhammad; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Sönmez, Osman; Zencirci, NusretSustainable food production is vital to ensure food and nutritional security to growing human population. Recently, there has been a shift in agricultural production system, crop production is not only considering yield as primary interest to produce higher number of calories for reducing hunger, but also more nutrient-rich food to reduce malnutrition or “hidden hunger”. Micronutrient malnutrition is a continuing and serious public health problem in many countries, various Interventions to alleviate this problem have been implemented. Biofortification, the process of breeding nutrients into food crops, provides a comparatively cost effective, sustainable, and long-term means of delivering more micronutrients. Legumes have higher protein content than most plant foods approximately twice than cereals and are rich in the key micronutrients folate, niacin, thiamine, calcium, iron and zinc. This book summarizes the biofortification of legumes. Detailed information through contributed chapters shed light on legumes research relevant to human health, with key topics that include genomic and genetic resources for food security, conventional and modern breeding approaches for improving nutrition, agronomic traits and biotechnological interventions. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.Öğe Plant tissue culture and genetic transformation studies of poor man crop cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.)(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2018) Aasim, Muhammad; Sameeullah, Muhammad; Bakhsh, Allah; Sevinc, Canan; Day, Sibel; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) with origin in West Africa, is one of the most important cultivated edible and drought tolerant legume of semiarid and subtropical regions. It is used for consumption as human food and animal feed, providing low cost protein and vitamin supplements. It is also important since it fixes atmospheric mitogen and could act as an intercrop with many important cereals, industrial and cash crops in high drought hit areas. Biotic and abiotic stresses are major constraints that are hitting yield of this crop in larger parts of the world. Use of biotechnology could serve as an appropriate technique to accelerate breeding activities and handle factors affecting its growth and development. This study reviews recent developments about the plant that is difficult and shows high recalcitrance to in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation; using different genes of interest, since 1980s. Main focus of the study included a comparison of protocols developed for sterilization, types of explants used in the study, growth mediums, cultural conditions, rooting, acclimatization and genetic transformation of cowpea. Different researchers have used variable pathways and pursuits to achieve regeneration from number of explants and plant hormone combinations to achieve the goals. © 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
