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Öğe Anatomic study on sphenoidal emissary foramen by using cone-beam computed tomography(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, KaanObjectives: The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the radiologic anatomy of sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Methods: Three hundred seventeen (189 female and 128 male) full-head CBCT images were evaluated in this study. Incidence, diameter, shape, confluence to foramen ovale, and distance to anatomic structures of SEF were noted. Results: In the 317 analyzed images, the SEF was identified in 89 (28.1%) images. Of these, 67 (21.1%) were unilateral, 22 were (6.9%) bilateral. The maximum mean diameter of SEF was measured 2.66mm on the right side and 2.82mm on the left side (P = 0.16). The most observed SEF shape was oval with the incidence of 68.5% (P <= 0.05). Confluence was observed in 23.4% of SEF whereof 84.6% were in the left side (P <= 0.05). Conclusion: Observations in this study tender new anatomic parameters regarding SEF incidence, characteristics, and distances to proximate anatomic structures. Knowledge related to SEF variations will be helpful for neurosurgeons and radiologist.Öğe Anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramen in ancient skulls: a cone beam computed tomography study in an Anatolian population(Via Medica, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Mukadder; Alan, Arzu; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem KurşunBackground: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical features of lingual foramina and their bony canals in Anatolian ancient mandibles (9-10th century) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight ancient dry mandibles were scanned with CBCT. Lingual foramina were grouped into midline, paramedian, posterior foramina and combination of these groups. Midline group was also classified according to internal surface of the mandible (gonial tubercles [GTs]). The incidence, vertical distance and diameter of lingual foramina were measured according to age groups and gender. Results: The incidence of the lingual foramen was 96.6%. Midline of the symphysis had the highest incidence (34.4%) of foramina (p < 0.05), followed by both midline and paramedian type (32.8%; p < 0.05). Classification in terms of GT represented class 3 as the most encountered group (28.6%). Number of foramina observed in the mandibles ranged from 0 to 6 with the incidence of 3.4% and 32.8%, respectively. The male and < 35 years groups presented larger measurement values in midline region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mandibular lingual foramina and bony canals are frequently present in ancient mandibles. When compared with modern subjects, similar findings are observed according to published literatures. CBCT is also proved to be an effective imaging modality in the detection of lingual foramina and canals in anthropological studies.Öğe Assessment of maxillary sinus changes after le fort I osteotomy surgery(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020) Akbulut, Nihat; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, SevalObjective: The goal of this retrospective study is to examine the changes of maxillary sinus volume, sinus membrane thickness (SMT) and the distance between the floor of maxillary sinus and ostium after Le Fort I osteotomy. Methods: A total of 30 patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy were evaluated just before and 1 year after the surgical operation. Linear and volumetric measurements were done via 3D-DOCTOR software on sectional and 3D images. Results: Decrease in maxillary sinus volume, increase in SMT and no change in distance between the floor of the maxillary sinus and ostium were detected after surgery. After surgery, SMT was found higher in advancement + impaction group. Conclusion: This paper clarified that Le Fort I osteotomy affects the volume and thickness of the maxillary sinuses that may lead to deterioration of the ciliary activity and failure in the drainage which are predisposing factors for sinus pathologies. In maxillary osteotomies of later ages, maxillary sinus examination and follow-up should be performed regularly in order to maintain sinus health.Öğe Assessment of stafne bone defects prevalence and characteristics by using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study(2017) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem KurşunObjective: Stafne bone defects (SBDs) are asymptomatic radiolucent cavities usually located between mandibular angle and the third molar, below the inferior alveolar canal and above the basis of the mandible. The aim of this retrospective study is to estimate the frequency, age and sex distrubution and types of SBDs from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 169 subjects. Material and Methods: CBCT images between the years 2014 and 2016 were obtained in Bolu İzzet Baysal University, Dentistry Faculty by using I-CAT 3D Imaging System from 169 subjects and analysed by one observer by utilizing axial, sagittal, cross-sectional, panoramic images and 3D reconstructions. Results: Results of this study showed that SBDs frequency was 3.5% with the mean age of 51. Detected SBDs patients were all male. All cases were asymptomatic and unilateral. Conclusion: Although the radiological appearance of the SBDs is usually pathognomonic, in indeterminate cases 3 dimensional examination as CBCT is recommendedÖğe Comparison of cone beam computed tomography and ultrasonography with two types of probes in the detection of opaque and non-opaque foreign bodies(Soc Romana Ultrasonografe Medicina Biologie-Srumb, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Orhan, Kaan; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Görürgöz, Cansu; Bayrak, SevalAim: The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Mtra-oral and extra-oral ultrasonographic (US) examinations performed with linear and convex probes in the detection of opaque and non-opaque foreign bodies (FBs) located in the maxillofacial area. Materials and methods: Thirteen different type of FBs were inserted into a sheep's head: a) on the external bone surface of mandible (between the mandibular corpus and masseter muscle), h) in the intrinsic muscular tissue (in the dorsum of the tongue) and e) in the hollow structures (into the maxillary sinus of the sheep's head). The FBs in muscle tissue were scanned intra-orally whereas FBs in bone external bone surface of mandible and in maxillary sinus were scanned both intra-orally and extra-orally. The sensitivity of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and US imaging methods in detection of FBs were compared for FBs on the bone surface and in the muscular tissue. Results: The infra-observer kappa coefficients provided identical values of 0.236 for the extra-oral convex probe, 0.461 for the intra-oral linear probe for overall FBs detection, Which indicated notably poor to fair intra-observer agreement. The inter-observer agreement showed a poor agreement for the extra-oral use of linear probe (0.341 and 0.393) and extra-oral use of convex probe (0.319 and 0.335), However, a fair agreement was determined for use of probe intra-orally (0.530 and 0.534). Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of the CBCT was higher than the US regarding the visualization of FBs in the bone tissue. Conclusion: US with a linear probe should be the first choice for the detection of the low-radiodensity which are entrapped in the soil tissue. However, CBCT is a more sensitive technique for the visualization of FBs in air and bone tissue compared to the US, particularly for the diagnosis of high-radiodensity FBs.Öğe Comparison of fractal dimension analysis and panoramic-based radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone changes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus(Elsevier Science Inc, 2018) Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, SevalObjectives. This study compared the fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices in the assessment of mandibular bone of patients with type 1 (T1 DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Study Design. Panoramic radiographs of 104 patients were evaluated to calculate FD, mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI) in the mandible. Results. No statistically significant differences were found in FD when T1 DM and T2 DM groups were compared with controls (P >= .168). Patients with T1 DM had significantly lower MCW (P < .001) and PMI (P = .030) compared with controls. Patients with T2 DM had no significant differences in MCW (P = .228) or PMI (P = .137) compared with controls. No significant differences were observed between patients with T1 DM and those with T2 DM for FD, MCW, and PMI (P > .05). In the T1 DM and T2 DM groups, there was a significant correlation between MCW and FD (P >= .011). No correlation was observed between FD and PMI in either the T1 DM group or the T2 DM group (P >= .142). No significant differences in MCI were observed between the DM groups and controls (P = .740) or between the T1 DM and T2 DM groups (P = 1.000). Conclusions. The cortical and trabecular bone architectures of patients with T1 DM and T2 DM were not different. Patients with T1 DM had lower cortical measurements compared with controls.Öğe Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of intracranial physiologic calcifications(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Orhan, KaanObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of physiologic intracranial calcifications detected in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a Turkish subpopulation. Methods: The CBCT image of the full head of 573 patients taken between 2015 and 2018 was evaluated retrospectively. The prevalence of habenular calcification, petroclinoid ligament, coroid plexus, interclinoid ligament (ICL), and carotico-clinoid ligament (CCL) calcifications was investigated. The age and gender of the patients were recorded. Results: Intracranial calcification was found in 190 (33.1%) of 573 cases. The frequency of physiological calcifications is respectively; 19.2% were found as habenular, 4.88% as ICL, 3.83% as CCL, 2.7% as petroclinoid ligament, and 2.4% as choroid plexus. 38.2% of the women and 29.3% of the men had intracranial calcification. In 4 patients, both ICL and CCL ossification were detected. No statistically significant relationship was found between age, gender, and calcifications. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography is a widely used imaging technique for dental diagnosis and treatment. Intracranial physiological calcifications may be a common incidental finding of CBCT scans.Öğe Contrast-to-noise ratios of different dental restorative materials: An in-vitro cone beam computed tomography study(2020) Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Kamalak, HakanIn radiological views, strong beam hardening and streaking artifacts occur due to high-density structures and polyenergetic X-ray beams, and these lead to misdiagnosis. This study was performed in vitro to compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of commonly used dental restorative materials by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images with and without artifact reduction (AR) mode. Materials and Methods A total of 108 molar teeth were restored with nine different groups of restorative materials, with each group containing 12 teeth. Teeth were placed in a dry human mandible and scanned, one by one, via Planmeca 3D ProMax (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) with and without AR mode. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate the CNR. Results CNR was calculated to be the highest in compomer (Glassiosite) images without AR mode (mean: 3.36) and with AR mode (mean: 3.61). CNR was calculated to be the lowest in amalgam (Tytin) images without AR mode (mean: 0.21) and with AR mode (mean: 0.23). A significant difference was found between materials in terms of CNR measurements (p ? 0.05). CNR measurements were increased after the AR mode application (p ? 0.05). Conclusion AR mode was effective in reducing artifacts arising from dental materials on CBCT images, so it is necessary to use AR mode for correct diagnosesÖğe Estimation of contrast-to-noise ratio in CT and CBCT images with varying scan settings in presence of different implant materials(British Inst Radiology, 2019) Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Kocasaraç, Hüsniye Demirtürk; Bayrak, Seval; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Noujeim, MarcelObjectives: To assess the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of four different types of dental implant materials in CT and cone beam CT (CBCT) images with varying scan settings. Methods: Four different types of implants: zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) Grade 4 and 5 and titanium-zirconium (Ti-ZrO2) alloy were placed in a 3% gelatin phantom in a cylindrical plastic container and scanned with two different CT machines (GE Medical systems and Toshiba Medical Systems) and one CBCT machine (I-CAT, Imaging Sciences International) with different voxel sizes of 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4mm. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software with the purpose of estimating the CNR. Results: The CNR obtained from images acquired with CT was lower than the CBCT with all voxel sizes tested. 0.3 and 0.4mm voxel sizes exhibited the highest CNR (p < 0.05) that gives the best image quality. Among the implant materials tested, titanium Grade 5 has the highest levels of CNR while Zirconium has the lowest (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The optimum protocol for radiographic follow-up in areas near implants on the I-CAT is low-resolution settings (0.3 and 0.4mm voxel sizes) which gave the highest CNR thus image quality. In presence of Zr implants, an alternative imaging modality (i.e., MRI) may be considered to avoid low-quality images.Öğe Estimation of the trabecular structure of alveolar bone before implant planning in orthodontic treated patients by using fractal analysis method(2020) Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Sarıoğlu, Burak; Ankaralı, HandanBackground: The aim of this study was to assess the trabecular bone pattern changes of orthodontically treated patients before orthodontic treatment (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) the treatment by using fractal dimension (FD) analysis in order to guide implant applications. Methods: Totally 32 orthodontic patients who had one missing tooth were included in the study. Patients were treated to align the teeth and to create a dimensionally appropriate space for implant placement. Panoramic radiographs were taken with standard protocols at the time periods of before (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months after (T2) treatment. FD analysis was performed using Image J 1.3 software with the boxcounting method. Results: The highest FD value was measured before treatment (T0=1.47±0.14). Mean FD values of T2 was found statistically significantly higher (1.32±0.14) than T1 (1.19±0.15) (p<0.001). Conclusion: It is suggested not to plan implant surgery immediately after the end of orthodontic treatment because trabecular bone gains more complex nature over time. FD analysis is a simple and cost-effective tool for examining bone structure in panoramic radiographs.Öğe Evaluating the effects of functional orthodontic treatment on mandibular osseous structure using fractal dimension analysis of dental panoramic radiographs(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2020) Cesur, Emre; Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Arslan, Can; Köklü, Ayşegül; Orhan, KaanObjective: To evaluate the effects of functional appliance treatment on mandibular trabecular structure using fractal dimension (FD) analysis of dental panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using digital panoramic radiographs of 45 patients with Class II malocclusion treated with functional appliances (treatment group, mean age: 11.39 +/- 0.97 years; 23 girls, 22 boys) acquired before (T-0) and after (T-1) treatment and the panoramic radiographs of 45 control subjects who had undergone no orthodontic treatment (control group, mean age: 11.31 +/- 0.87 years; 23 girls, 22 boys). FD values in the condylar process, mandibular corpus, and mandibular angle were analyzed from the panoramic radiographs of both groups. Results: Analysis of changes in FD between T-0 and T-1 revealed significant increases in the FD values of the right and left condylar processes and right mandibular corpus in the treatment group (P<.001) and in the right condylar process in the control group (P<.05). Between-group comparisons demonstrated that the treatment group showed greater changes in the condylar process (right, P<.001; left, P<.05) and right mandibular corpus (P<.05) compared to controls. Correlation analysis between the cephalometric and FD changes in the treatment group showed the right condylar process changes were negatively correlated with GoGn/SN angle (P<.05) and positively correlated with Co-Go (P<.05), although these correlations were weak. Conclusions: FD analysis demonstrated significant changes in trabeculation of the condyle and mandibular corpus in the treatment group compared to the control group. Functional appliance treatment may lead to skeletal correction by altering skeletal form and trabeculation of the mandibular bone.Öğe Evaluation of a metal artifact reduction algorithm and an optimization filter in the estimation of peri-implant dehiscence defects by using cone beam computed tomography: an in-vitro study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Görürgöz, Cansu; Odabaşı, Onur; Yılmaz, Derviş; Atakan, CemalObjectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and the adaptive image noise optimizer (AINO) optimization filter in the detection of peri-implant dehiscences with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study Design. Nine implants (3 zirconium, 3 titanium, and 3 zirconium-titanium) were placed in 3 sheep heads. Dehiscences were created on the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces. A total of 9 defects and 9 controls with no defects were evaluated by 3 observers. Each sheep head was scanned 5 times with 4 scan modes; (1) without MAR/without AINO; (2) with MAR/without AINO; (3) without MAR/with AINO; and (4) with MAR/with AINO. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and weighted kappa coefficients were used to calculate diagnostic efficacy and intra- and interobserver agreements for each implant type and scan mode. Results. For all implant types, dehiscences were most accurately detected when both MAR and AINO were applied (P <= .045). Detection of dehiscences was more accurate with titanium implants (P <= .040). There were no significant differences in agreement among and between the observers. Conclusions. The use of both MAR and AINO enhanced the detection accuracy of artificially created dehiscences in proximity to implants. Their combined use is recommended for detecting peri-implant dehiscences.Öğe Evaluation of anatomical and volumetric characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in anterior dentate and edentulous individuals: a CBCT study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval; Şahin, Onur; Atakan, CemalObjective: To examine the nasopalatine canal (NPC) anatomical and volumetric measurements in anterior edentulous (AE) and anterior dentate (AD) individuals and to compare these findings according to sex, age, shape, and severity of resorption in the premaxilla. Methods: Two hundred cone beam computed tomography images were divided into 2 groups: AE and AD. The diameter, the length of the NPC and the width, the length of the buccal bone anterior to the NPC were measured and recorded. Linear and volumetric measurement results were evaluated in terms of age, sex, dental status, shape, and severity of resorption. Results: No significant differences were observed between the AE and AD groups in terms of the NPC volume (P = 0.289). In the AE group, the spindle shape had the highest volume, and in the same group, with aging, the volume significantly increased (P = 0.00). The mean NPC volume was found to be statistically significantly larger in males than females (P = 0.02). A statistically significant relation was observed between NPC volume and resorption status. Conclusion: Severe bone resorption due to sustained edentation complicated implant surgery because of the increase in incisive and nasal foramen diameters and decrease in buccal residual bone dimensions. The NPC volume was found fewer in edentulous patients, and by the resorption, the volume was decreased.Öğe Evaluation of osseous changes in dental panoramic radiography of thalassemia patients using mandibular indexes and fractal size analysis(Springer, 2020) Bayrak, Seval; Bulut, Duygu Göller; Orhan, Kaan; Sinanoğlu, Enver Alper; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Mısırlı, Melis; Ankaralı, HandanObjective This study aimed to evaluate the radiomorphometric indexes and fractal dimension (FD) on dental panoramic radiography (DPR) of Thalassemia Major (TM) patients. Methods In 59 TM patients and in 59 healthy control subjects, mandibular cortical index (MCI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and FD of four different regions (FD1-4) were evaluated and compared using DPRs. Results The distribution of MCI in TM patients was similar to control subjects (p > 0.05). The mean MCW was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in PMI between TM patients and control subjects. The mean of FD measured in the supracortical area above the angle of mandible (FD2), in the anterior to the mental foramen (FD4) and mean FD of four different regions was significantly lower in TM patients (p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.014, respectively). Conclusions The radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimensions evaluated in the panoramic radiograph are capable of identifying thalassemia patients' jaw bone, and the results of DPR scanning can be used to refer these patients to appropriate medical investigation.Öğe Evaluation of relationship between maxillary sinus pathologies and ostium dimension: A retrospective cone beam computed tomography study(2018) Bayrak, Seval; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Atakan, CemalObjective: Maxillary sinus ostium is the top section of the medial wall the and is hence poorly placed from the point of view of free drainage; it opens into the narrow ethmoidal infundibulum, inflammation of which can further break drainage, so this may cause in the development of chronic maxillary sinusitis. This study aims to evaluate maxillary sinus pathologies (MSP) and their possible relation with maxillary sinus ostium dimensions. Material and Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans which belong to 139 patients (52 male and 87 female) were retrospectively evaluated with regard to ostium dimensions and the presence of MSP including retention cyst and mucosal thickening. Independent Samples t-test and Pearson Chi-Square were used to for statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between patients with and without MSP in terms of ostium width (p=0.13). While the mean ostium width was 2.08 mm in the patient with MSP it was measured as 2.14 mm in patients without MSP. For all patients examined, right and left ostiums mean widths were 1.97 mm (Range 0.67-4.25) and 2.26 mm (Range 0.67-5.25), respectively. No significant difference was observed in ostium width according to gender (p?0.05). Among all patients, 18.7% (n=26) had MSP; of these 10 were bilateral and 16 were unilateral. Conclusion: MSP is the common finding in CBCT examinations and the results of this study showed that MSP does not seem to be associated with the ostium width.Öğe Evaluation of the characteristics and association between dchneiderian membrane thickness and nasal deptum deviation(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Bayrak, Seval; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem KurşunObjective:Nasal septum deviation (NSD) is an anomaly that disturbs normal mucus drainage in sinuses, leading to recurrent sinusitis. Sinusitis, infections, and mucosal irritations are the potential causes of Schneiderian membrane thickening (SMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and association between NSD and SMT along with factors such as age, gender, and tooth groups using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.Methods:The maxillary sinus and nasal cavity of 249 patients (136 females and 113 males) were examined retrospectively using CBCT. The statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between SMT, NSD, gender, and age.Results:No statistically significant relation was detected between NSD and SMT. The NSD was found in 50.6% of patients without gender predilection. Age was not associated with the presence of NSD. The mean thickness of the membrane was least in the third molar region and highest in the first molar region. The average SMT was found to be higher in males for all the examined tooth areas (P0.05).Conclusion:A retrospective evaluation of CBCT images emphasized the concept that NSD was not a factor that affected the thickening of maxillary sinus mucosa. The CBCT imaging could be used for evaluating the maxillary sinuses and nasal septum.Öğe External root resorption and caries of mandibular second molar in association with third molar impaction status(Univ Indonesia, Fac Dentistry, 2019) Şahin, Onur; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval; Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Ankaral, HandanImpaction status of a mandibular third molar (M3) leads to some pathological conditions. Objective: This retrospective study was conducted to compare the effect of erupted (e-M3) and impacted mandibular third molars (i-M3) on caries in the adjacent second molar and external root resorption (ERR). Methods: We used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 200 patients with a mean age of 28.19 +/- 8.3 years who had an e-M3 on one side of the mandible and an i-M3 on the other side of the mandible. All the images were evaluated for the existence of caries and ERR. Results: Caries was detected in 32.5% of cases of i-M3 and in 21% of cases of e-M3 (p = 0.01). ERR was present in 18.5% of cases of i-M3 and no resorption was observed in cases of e-M3 (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Caries and ERR in cases of i-M3 can be reliably identified via CBCT scan. Among patients with caries in the i-M3 group, the degree of caries was significantly lower on the other side of the mandible. Instead of prophylactic removal of e-M3, periodic clinical and radiologic examinations are advised.Öğe Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanarak sinüs tabanı kortikasyonunun sınıflaması, prevalansı ve antral patoloji ile ilişkisinin tayini(2017) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Şahin, Onur; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, SevalAmaç: Maksiller posterior bölgede maksiller sinüsün pnömatizasyonu, yaşın artmasıyla birlikte alveolar kemiğin rezorpsiyona olan eğilimi ve yetersiz kemik yoğunluğu dental implant uygulamalarında çeşitli zorluklara neden olmaktadır. Atrofik maksillada sinüs duvarı kaldırılması işlemiyle birlikte eş zamanlı olarak implant uygulanıp uygulanamayacağı; kemiğin kalitesine, rezidüel kemik yüksekliğine ve primer stabilite gibi faktörlere bağlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, antral patoloji varlığı ile sinüs tabanı kortikasyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi ve sinus taban kortikasyonunun tiplerine göre sıklığını konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntüleri üzerinde araştırmadır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma grubu, yaş ortalaması 48,63 olan 64 erkek ve 86 kadın olmak üzere toplam 150 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Sağ ve sol maksiller sinüsü içeren 300 adet KIBT görüntüsü incelenmiştir. Antral patoloji ve sinüs taban kortikasyonuistatistiksel ki-kare analiz yöntemi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Sinüs tabanı kortikasyonu sınıflamasına göre, maksiller sinüslerden 158’inde Tip 1, 60’ında Tip 2, 22’sindeTip 3, 60’ında ise Tip 4 kortikasyon saptanmış, antral patoloji varlığı ile kortikasyon varlığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki izlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sinüs tabanı kortikasyonu derecesine dayanan bu sınıflandırma klinik olarak sinüs ogmentasyon prosedürlerinin (SOP) (lateral pencere tekniği veya transkrestal teknik) gerekli olup olmadığına karar vermek ve sinüs tabanı yükseltilmesi işlemiyle eş zamanlı implant yerleştirmesinin uygunluğunu saptama konusunda hekime yardımcı olacağı için değerlidir.Öğe Prevalence and characteristics of palatine tonsilloliths incone beam computed tomography images: A retrospective study(2017) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem KurşunIntroduction: Palatine tonsilloliths are calcified structures that develop in enlarged tonsillar crypts. These structures are also common incidental findings that can be clinically related to halitosis and tonsillar abscess. The aim of this study is to clarify the prevalence and imaging characteristics of palatine tonsilloliths by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: Three hundred and sixty-six CBCT scans were retrospectively evaluated with regard to presence and characteristics of tonsilloliths. Results: Palatine tonsilloliths’ detection rate was found 20.4% without statistically significant gender prediliction (56% in female, 44% in male patients). The mean age of tonsilloliths patients was 33.3 years. The size of the tonsilloliths ranged from 0.3 mm to 5 mm. No statistically significant difference between the left and right sides was detected with regard to tonsilloliths presence. Conclusion: Palatine tonsilloliths are common forms of soft tissue calcifications. CBCT is a very helpful imaging modality in identifying the true location of tonsilloliths.Öğe Trabecular structure designation using fractal analysis technique on panoramic radiographs of patients with bisphosphonate intake: A preliminary study(Springer, 2019) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval; Akbulut, Nihat; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, KaanObjectiveThis study was performed to evaluate the trabecular pattern of patients with cancer taking bisphosphonates on panoramic images using fractal dimension (FD) analysis by comparison with healthy subjects and to assess whether any difference exists between regions.MethodsFD analysis was conducted using ImageJ 1.3 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) with the box-counting method on panoramic radiographs of 33 patients taking bisphosphonates (13 males and 20 females) and 33 healthy sex- and age-matched individuals.ResultsFD values were higher (1.390.14) in the study group than control group (1.38 +/- 0.07) (p0.05). No difference was detected in the FD values among the tested regions. The mean FD values in the control and study groups were as follows: region 1, 1.49 and 1.41 (p=0.54); region 2, 1.36 and 1.37 (p=0.84); region 3, 1.35 and 1.42 (p=0.11); and region 4, 1.39 and 1.39 (p=0.90), respectively. Female patients showed significantly lower values above the mandibular canal on the distal side of the second premolar and anterior to the mental foramen than did male patients (p0.05). Age was unrelated to the FD in the study group (p0.05).ConclusionsThe FD values of the patients with cancer taking bisphosphonates were higher than those of the controls. FD analysis showed the potential for examining bone structure in panoramic radiographs. Studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm these results.
