Balcı, Elif Nur Erkan2023-12-222023-12-222022Balci, E. N. (2022). A modified free-will defense: A structural and theistic free-will defense as a response to James sterba. Religions, 13(8), 700.2077-1444http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13080700https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/11916In his book Is a Good God Logically Possible?, James Sterba argues that the Plantingian free-will defense, which reconciles the existence of a good and omnipotent God with the existence of evil, is a failed argument when it comes to the terrible evils in the world. This study discusses that Sterba's claim is invalid when Plantinga's free-will defense is modified with a structural perspective. In order to reconcile the structural and inevitable possibility of evil with God's moral imperatives, a structural free-will defense was complemented by an Islamic moral theology that Mu'tazila and its great scholar Qadi Abd al-Jabbar advanced. Such a modified free-will defense can show that the existence of all evil, including terrible ones, is still compatible with a good and omnipotent God.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGodMoralMoralityEvilTheismMu'tazilaArticle10.3390/rel130807001381122-s2.0-85136724181Q1WOS:000845508600001N/A