Eşen, DeryaZedaker, Shepard M.2021-06-232021-06-2320040169-4286https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025072105849https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12491/5642Because purple-flowered rhododendron ( Rhododendron ponticum L.) and yellow-flowered rhododendron ( R. flavum Don.) significantly reduce seedling growth and regeneration of eastern beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) as well as local floristic diversity in northern Turkey, effective and cost-efficient woody control is needed. Various manual ( cut and grub) and herbicide (foliar and cut-stump spray) woody control techniques were used in two different beech-rhododendron sites in the Black Sea Region (BSR) of Turkey. Two years later, biological and economic effectiveness were substantially greater with foliar-applied herbicide and grubbing treatments than with the cutting, cut-stump, and check treatments. Yet, grubbing showed a great potential for sprout crown reduction. Cut-stump spray was intermediate in effectiveness. Cutting had the least woody control and economic effectiveness among all of the treatments. Foliar-applied Arsenal SL ( imazapyr) had significantly greater rhododendron control than foliar-appliied Garlon 4 ( triclopyr ester). Increasing rates did not enhance herbicide efficacy. Reducing rates further may provide the same level of control at less cost.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCut-stump SprayFoliar SprayHerbicidal Woody ControlImazapyrManual Woody ControlTree GrowthTriclopyr EsterArticle10.1023/A:102507210584927169792-s2.0-0346463183Q1WOS:000185124900006Q3