Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türkiye'de yol vergisi
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Tarih
2013
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde karayolu çalışmalarını finanse etmek için alınan yol vergisi önce Kurtuluş Savaşı yıllarında daha sonra da Cumhuriyet döneminde bazı değişikliklerle uygulanmaya devam edilmiştir. Nakden ya da yol yapımında bedenen çalışma şeklinde ödenen vergi gelir seviyesine bakılmaksızın her erkek vatandaştan eşit oranda tahsil edilmiştir. Ancak beş ve üzeri çocuğu olanlar vergiden muaf tutularak nüfus artışının özendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Verginin adil olmadığı, haciz, hapis gibi yaptırımları, kadınlardan da alınmak istenmesi kamuoyunda sürekli eleştirilmiştir. Ancak yöneticiler bütçenin yetersizliğinden dolayı vergiden vazgeçememiş karayolu yapımı için toplanan para da çoğu zaman eğitim gibi öncelikli başka işlere harcanmıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında verginin iki kat artırılması halkın ödeme gücünü oldukça zorlamıştır. Çok partili hayata geçişle birlikte yol vergisine ilişkin tepkiler muhalefetin desteğiyle daha da yükselmiştir. Demokrat Parti iktidarının kurulmasının ardından 1952 yılında kaldırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada döneme ilişkin arşiv belgeleri ve süreli yayınlar taranarak yol vergisinin içeriği, iktisadi, siyasi ve sosyal yaşam üzerindeki etkileri irdelenmiştir.
The road tax which started in the last period of the Ottoman State to finance the road works continued to be implemented with some changes first during the Turkish War of Independence and later in Republic Period. The tax paid either in cash or by bodily work during road construction was collected equally from each male citizen regardless of income level. Only the individuals with five or more children were exempt from the tax, a measure to encourage population increase. The public continuously criticized the tax by stating that it was not fair, it had enforcing sanctions such as jail time or lien and it was enforced on women as well. However, the administrators could not forgo the tax due to budget deficiencies and most of the time; the money collected for the highways was spent on other business with higher priority such as education. Doubling the tax during the World War II strained the public even more. Transition to multi-party system increased the reactions towards road tax with the support of the opposition. Road tax was abolished in 1952 with the foundation of the Democratic Party government. The study examines the content of the road tax and its effects on economic, political and social life by reviewing the archives and the periodicals of the time.
The road tax which started in the last period of the Ottoman State to finance the road works continued to be implemented with some changes first during the Turkish War of Independence and later in Republic Period. The tax paid either in cash or by bodily work during road construction was collected equally from each male citizen regardless of income level. Only the individuals with five or more children were exempt from the tax, a measure to encourage population increase. The public continuously criticized the tax by stating that it was not fair, it had enforcing sanctions such as jail time or lien and it was enforced on women as well. However, the administrators could not forgo the tax due to budget deficiencies and most of the time; the money collected for the highways was spent on other business with higher priority such as education. Doubling the tax during the World War II strained the public even more. Transition to multi-party system increased the reactions towards road tax with the support of the opposition. Road tax was abolished in 1952 with the foundation of the Democratic Party government. The study examines the content of the road tax and its effects on economic, political and social life by reviewing the archives and the periodicals of the time.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yol Vergisi, Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Karayolu, Vergi, Demokrat Parti, Road Tax, Republic Period, Highway, Tax, Democratic Party
Kaynak
Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
32
Sayı
53