Source identification of exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions through the elemental carbon fractions and Positive Matrix Factorization method
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Our study implies the importance of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions in a highway road tunnel, which is crucial to assess their impacts on air quality, human health, climate and developing functional methods for controlling. The total suspended particulates (TSP) and road dust (RD) samples were collected by PUF samplers and manually sweeping, respectively. Campaigns were performed in the summer and winter of 2014 in a highway road tunnel in Bolu, Turkey. Chemical analyses were presented to characterize the contents of organic carbon (OC) fractions (OC1,2,3,4), elemental carbon (EC) fractions (EC1,2,3,4,5,6), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Cr and Fe) in the collected TSP and RD samples. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and orthogonal (Deming) regression analysis were applied to find out the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions of metal and carbonaceous species in the tunnel. The results showed that the identified source profiles included resuspended road dust (43%), non-exhaust emissions (37%), diesel exhaust emissions (13%), and gasoline exhaust emissions (7%). The relationship between emission markers of metal species and EC carbon fractions was supported by correlation studies. Among these EC fractions, EC4 and EC2 were the most abundant fractions in aerosol and RD samples, respectively and so they highly represented the diesel and non-exhaust emissions. Besides, the EC1 fraction was the indicator of gasoline-fueled emissions. Lower EC1 and higher soot-EC contribution obtained in tunnel aerosol (AS) samples showed the dominance of dieselfueled vehicles in the tunnel. The data represented herein would help to identify the characteristic of vehicle emissions.
Açıklama
This work was financed by the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Projects (BAIBU BAP) with grant number 2013.09.04.650. We acknowledge Bolu Mountain Maintenance and Operations Responsible, Murteza BES IRO.GLU and team members for their support on the field study. The authors also thank Eftade O. Gaga and Akif Ari for helping in the determination of metals.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Exhaust Emissions, Non-Exhaust Emissions, EC Fractions, Source Profiles, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), Highway Road Tunnel
Kaynak
Environmental Research
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
204
Sayı
Künye
Demir, T., Karakaş, D., & Yenisoy-Karakaş, S. (2022). Source identification of exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions through the elemental carbon fractions and Positive Matrix Factorization method. Environmental Research, 204, 112399.