Source identification of exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions through the elemental carbon fractions and Positive Matrix Factorization method

Yükleniyor...
Küçük Resim

Tarih

2022

Dergi Başlığı

Dergi ISSN

Cilt Başlığı

Yayıncı

Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science

Erişim Hakkı

info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess

Özet

Our study implies the importance of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions in a highway road tunnel, which is crucial to assess their impacts on air quality, human health, climate and developing functional methods for controlling. The total suspended particulates (TSP) and road dust (RD) samples were collected by PUF samplers and manually sweeping, respectively. Campaigns were performed in the summer and winter of 2014 in a highway road tunnel in Bolu, Turkey. Chemical analyses were presented to characterize the contents of organic carbon (OC) fractions (OC1,2,3,4), elemental carbon (EC) fractions (EC1,2,3,4,5,6), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Cr and Fe) in the collected TSP and RD samples. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and orthogonal (Deming) regression analysis were applied to find out the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions of metal and carbonaceous species in the tunnel. The results showed that the identified source profiles included resuspended road dust (43%), non-exhaust emissions (37%), diesel exhaust emissions (13%), and gasoline exhaust emissions (7%). The relationship between emission markers of metal species and EC carbon fractions was supported by correlation studies. Among these EC fractions, EC4 and EC2 were the most abundant fractions in aerosol and RD samples, respectively and so they highly represented the diesel and non-exhaust emissions. Besides, the EC1 fraction was the indicator of gasoline-fueled emissions. Lower EC1 and higher soot-EC contribution obtained in tunnel aerosol (AS) samples showed the dominance of dieselfueled vehicles in the tunnel. The data represented herein would help to identify the characteristic of vehicle emissions.

Açıklama

This work was financed by the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Scientific Research Projects (BAIBU BAP) with grant number 2013.09.04.650. We acknowledge Bolu Mountain Maintenance and Operations Responsible, Murteza BES IRO.GLU and team members for their support on the field study. The authors also thank Eftade O. Gaga and Akif Ari for helping in the determination of metals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Exhaust Emissions, Non-Exhaust Emissions, EC Fractions, Source Profiles, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), Highway Road Tunnel

Kaynak

Environmental Research

WoS Q Değeri

Q1

Scopus Q Değeri

Q1

Cilt

204

Sayı

Künye

Demir, T., Karakaş, D., & Yenisoy-Karakaş, S. (2022). Source identification of exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions through the elemental carbon fractions and Positive Matrix Factorization method. Environmental Research, 204, 112399.