Investigation of indoor air quality at shooting range
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2017
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Avestia Publishing
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Extended Abstract
Explosion feature of gunpowder has been used in many fields since being invented by the Chinese in mid 800s. The
gunpowder has initially used to create huge explosions and also it has been used in developing firearms since the 13th
century. The emergence of light firearms, today known as rifles and pistols, are dated in the 17th century. Except for the
usage of destruction purposes, the most innocent application field of guns is sports. Furthermore, shooting is among the
nine sports branches, which have formed the first modern Olympic Games has held in Athens in 1896. Becoming a skilled
shooter needs long training time, intensive labour, accuracy, precision, high stability, and focus. Today, actual pellets,
bullets, and cartridges are used in Olympic shooting sub branches, which are air-guns, fire-guns, and shot-guns,
respectively. In addition, biathlon and modern pentathlon athletes have to use this type of ammunition, which is mostly
consist of lead.
A professional shooting athlete shots millions of pellets, bullets or cartridges throughout her/his sports life from the
age about 13. This can cause a high rate of metal and its by product exposure, specifically lead. On the other hand,
shooting ranges vary for the type of shooting event as outdoor and indoor. It has been known that outdoor shooting ranges
may reduce personal exposure, but this time they are emerging soil and water contamination problems.
The objective of this study is to determine both metals and total carbon (TC) of a world cup standard shooting range’s
ambient air during 50 m competitions, which are officially held by Turkish Shooting and Hunting Federation. To this end,
particulate matter samples with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) were collected by TECORA Skypost PM
Sampler on quartz fiber filters. Collected filter samples were conditioned at constant temperature (20-25ºC) and humidity
(25-30%) before and after sampling to calculate PM mass. In order to prevent the carbon loss, filter samples were stored at
-18ºC both before and after the sampling process till to the analysis. A punch of collected samples (1.5 cm2
) were analysed
in terms of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and TC (EC+OC) by Sunset Lab (USA) thermal-optical aerosol
analyser by following the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH) 870 protocol. Average PM, OC,
EC, and TC concentrations were found as 28.71±8.88, 4.74±0.55, 0.25±0.09, 4.99±1.59 µg/m3
, respectively. One-day PM10
sample was analysed by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (WDXRF) in terms of metals including
lead. Crustal enrichment factor was calculated for the metals by taking Al as reference element, which revealed that S, Zn
and Pb were highly enriched in the shooting range’s ambient air implying not only Pb but also Zn and S were the metals
released to indoor at elevated concentrations during shooting. Even though the same type of bullet was used for the rifle
and pistol shots, the released PM and carbon concentrations from pistol shots were found to be 1.5 times higher than that
from rifle shots.
Açıklama
Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, CSEE 2017 -- 2 April 2017 through 4 April 2017 -- -- 139598
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aquatic Plants, Myriophyllum, Herbicide Risk Assessment
Kaynak
World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
N/A
